Geography Report on Flinders University Area
Added on 2023-04-20
6 Pages1228 Words473 Views
Geography Report
Flinders University Area
Introduction
GNSS or Global Navigation Satellite System is group of satellites that are providing signals from
space that transmit exact positions and data to GNSS receivers in any location. We thereafter use
the received data to determine locations accurately.
GNSS was commissioned and is operated by the United States department of defense in the
name of NAVSTAR Global Positioning System, Europe’s Galileo, Russia’s GLONASS and
China’s BeiDou Navigation System. This satellites give global coverage. These GNSS satellites
use a constellation of orbiting satellites in space which transmit signals to stations here on earth.
The GNSS use triangulation and setting up of spot heights to locate various points. This involves
complex calculations involving data from various satellites. The whole process starts when each
satellite sends signals which is received by our GNSS receiver. The signal is then interpreted by
the receivers and converted information into position, velocity and time. Using this information
and coordinating of various data from different satellites helps to determine exact position.
In surveying the Flinders University’s land area, we used three methods in recording the data.
These methods were; one, use of smartphone, two, using survey 123 method and lastly use of
GNSS device.
Methods
The data collection was done by setting up the equipment needed for the study. We ensured that
we had the smartphone, DNSS machine and installed application which will be used in collection
of data of Flinders University area. (Berg, 2011)
We used three methods in collecting data of the land area of Flinders University. These methods
were survey 123, use of smart device and the GNSS.
In collecting and recording data using survey 123 we first the survey 123 form using a computer,
downloaded the survey 123 software application and the signed in. we then clicked on the ‘new
survey’ icon and created a new survey. We titled the survey as Flinders University and saved.
We thereafter retrieved the form we initially downloaded from the computer into the software
and the excel files and clicked open input. We then published survey by pressing the publish icon
(Naciones Unidas. División de Estadística, United Nations. Statistical Division, 2005).
Flinders University Area
Introduction
GNSS or Global Navigation Satellite System is group of satellites that are providing signals from
space that transmit exact positions and data to GNSS receivers in any location. We thereafter use
the received data to determine locations accurately.
GNSS was commissioned and is operated by the United States department of defense in the
name of NAVSTAR Global Positioning System, Europe’s Galileo, Russia’s GLONASS and
China’s BeiDou Navigation System. This satellites give global coverage. These GNSS satellites
use a constellation of orbiting satellites in space which transmit signals to stations here on earth.
The GNSS use triangulation and setting up of spot heights to locate various points. This involves
complex calculations involving data from various satellites. The whole process starts when each
satellite sends signals which is received by our GNSS receiver. The signal is then interpreted by
the receivers and converted information into position, velocity and time. Using this information
and coordinating of various data from different satellites helps to determine exact position.
In surveying the Flinders University’s land area, we used three methods in recording the data.
These methods were; one, use of smartphone, two, using survey 123 method and lastly use of
GNSS device.
Methods
The data collection was done by setting up the equipment needed for the study. We ensured that
we had the smartphone, DNSS machine and installed application which will be used in collection
of data of Flinders University area. (Berg, 2011)
We used three methods in collecting data of the land area of Flinders University. These methods
were survey 123, use of smart device and the GNSS.
In collecting and recording data using survey 123 we first the survey 123 form using a computer,
downloaded the survey 123 software application and the signed in. we then clicked on the ‘new
survey’ icon and created a new survey. We titled the survey as Flinders University and saved.
We thereafter retrieved the form we initially downloaded from the computer into the software
and the excel files and clicked open input. We then published survey by pressing the publish icon
(Naciones Unidas. División de Estadística, United Nations. Statistical Division, 2005).
In using the phone, we chose a phone with A-GPS installed in the phone. The smartphone’s
antenna had preset control points of locations already surveyed and verified. We set the phone as
a control GPS which was to locate our receiver, we measured and plotted the survey using the
system that we set.
In using the GNSS method, we used a software defined GNSS receiver. The receiver was
connected to a smartphone. We set the GNSS by using a handheld small digital antenna which
was detected on our GNSS receiver. The accuracy of this method ranged from meter level to
centimeters. We the collected data of various spot points within the Flinders University are and
recorded.
After collecting data, we then recorded it by tabulating it three forms; one data collected using
the smartphone, using manual survey and using the GNSS instruments. We also calculated errors
and recorded them.
Results
Phone
The data collected by use of phone was recorded using a table as shown below. Measured error
and elevation error were calibrated as well.
GNSS
Results of the study done by the use of the GNSS equipment were recorded and calculated as
shown below. The various errors such measure error were calculated and recorded as well.
antenna had preset control points of locations already surveyed and verified. We set the phone as
a control GPS which was to locate our receiver, we measured and plotted the survey using the
system that we set.
In using the GNSS method, we used a software defined GNSS receiver. The receiver was
connected to a smartphone. We set the GNSS by using a handheld small digital antenna which
was detected on our GNSS receiver. The accuracy of this method ranged from meter level to
centimeters. We the collected data of various spot points within the Flinders University are and
recorded.
After collecting data, we then recorded it by tabulating it three forms; one data collected using
the smartphone, using manual survey and using the GNSS instruments. We also calculated errors
and recorded them.
Results
Phone
The data collected by use of phone was recorded using a table as shown below. Measured error
and elevation error were calibrated as well.
GNSS
Results of the study done by the use of the GNSS equipment were recorded and calculated as
shown below. The various errors such measure error were calculated and recorded as well.
Survey 123
The data collected was recorded in the survey 123 form as shown below. Survey 123 error and
elevation error were calculated and recorded as well.
Discussion
GNSS signals usually have low power levels. And as it can be seen from the above result table,
this method is thus prone to various errors. These are errors include system errors, signal
propagation errors and clock related errors (Tétreault, 2010).
System errors result from the overall nature of the DNSS instrument and the shape of the orbital
planes. Errors such as orbital plane arises when our receiver is calculating the position of the
satellite using information contained in the navigation message called satellite ephemeris. This
type of error can be mitigated by using local network correction systems for the satellite.
Errors related to satellite or receiver clocks is caused by the DNSS receiver using crystal clocks.
This type of clocks has very low accuracy and thus causing errors. It can be mitigated by external
The data collected was recorded in the survey 123 form as shown below. Survey 123 error and
elevation error were calculated and recorded as well.
Discussion
GNSS signals usually have low power levels. And as it can be seen from the above result table,
this method is thus prone to various errors. These are errors include system errors, signal
propagation errors and clock related errors (Tétreault, 2010).
System errors result from the overall nature of the DNSS instrument and the shape of the orbital
planes. Errors such as orbital plane arises when our receiver is calculating the position of the
satellite using information contained in the navigation message called satellite ephemeris. This
type of error can be mitigated by using local network correction systems for the satellite.
Errors related to satellite or receiver clocks is caused by the DNSS receiver using crystal clocks.
This type of clocks has very low accuracy and thus causing errors. It can be mitigated by external
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