Practical Concepts in Anatomy and Physiology

Practical Concepts in Anatomy and Physiology

Gastrointestinal system
 The gastrointestinal system is defined the organs that take in food, liquids and break
them down into small substances. In this way, body can use a proper energy, growth
and tissue repair on regular basis. It also performed the task to eliminate or remove
waste materials from outside body.
 Basically, the gastrointestinal system includes mouth, esophagus, small intestine,
rectum, anus and large intestine. It also include salivary gland, liver, pancreas and
gallbladder which make digestive juice, enzymes that help the body digest food &
liquids. This is also known as digestive system.

Cont.
 Secondly, Digestion may occur mainly in the stomach and small intestine where it can
easily convert into protein, fats and carbohydrates. This kind of process will be
completing by chemical process. Therefore, A small molecules are basically absorbed
across epithelium. Afterwards, a large intestine plays an important role in context of re-
absorbing excess large amount of water. Finally, undigested materials and other kind of
secreted waste items are excreted from body via defection.

The overall gastrointestinal system structure
The digestive system is composed of Gastrointestinal (GI) tract or alimentary canal,
salivary glands, exocrine pancreas and livers. The GI tract refers to the series of hollow
organs joined in long, twister tube from mouth to anus. This kind of organ will make up GI
tract. Usually, small intestine can be divided into three parts. Initial part is known
duodenum. This is made of middle position and includes appendix, colon and rectum.
The Appendix is kind of finger-shaped and directly attached to cecum (Brown and et.al.,
2021). Cecum is part of large intestine. The rectum is end of large intestine. Main
components in the overall structure of GI, these are helping to perform the different task in
digestion and absorb ingested nutrients, excrete waste products of digestion.

Cont.
 Mouth- it is the starting phase of GI. In fact, it starts the digestion process before It even take a
bite. The salivary gland get active as soon as possible and convert into small substances. This is
helping to absorb and use. When it allows to pass food into threat and esophagus.
 Esophagus- This is located in throat near trachea, esophagus receives food from mouth when it
swallow. It can be fold over windpipe as swallow to prevent choking. A series of muscular
contractions with esophagus is known as peristalsis which can deliver food to stomach.
 Pancreas- It secretes digestive enzymes and break down into protein, fats and carbohydrates.
These are making an insulin, passing it directly into blood stream. Insulin is also consider as chief
hormone in body for metabolizing sugar level.

Basic Structure