Gibbs Model of Reflection: Feedback and Feed Forward Approach in Higher Education

This essay explains the Gibbs Model of Reflection and its application in feedback and feed forward approach in higher education. It emphasizes the importance of teachers and professors in promoting overall development of students. The essay also highlights the significance of strategic planning and frameworks for future growth of individuals.

Orientation for success
in higher education

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................................................3
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................4
ESSAY.............................................................................................................................................4
CONCLUSION ...............................................................................................................................7
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................8

INTRODUCTION
The higher education is considered as main phase in the life of a student which helps in
development of an individual (Abdous, 2019). In the recent times, many academic institutions
focus on higher education in order to provide personal and professional development for
different students. It is a moral responsibility of an candidate to focus on higher education and
learn key skills for competing in academic life. The reflective learning is also considered as one
of the major practices which helps a student to write about knowledge gained from learning and
development. In this essay a brief description of Gibbs model of reflection is explained with
precise and systematic approach. This essay also covers nature of feedback and feed forward
approach in the chosen model.

MAIN BODY
ESSAY
Reflection is considered as key approach which is helpful in increasing in depth
understanding of a subject matter. The reflection is a major art which is supportive in academic
life of a student to gain knowledge related to a subject matter. In the academic institutions,
reflection is considered as major approach which is helpful in increasing strength and capabilities
of student. It is the major role of a candidate in academic life to focus on practising reflection in
order to gain competitive advantage in academic life.Gibbs model was given by Professor
Abraham Gibbs in 1988. Gibbs model is used in reflection, reflective learning. It is used in
academics, business and organisations. Gibbs model has four steps to cover in it. These are
description, feelings, evaluation and conclusion. Description of any situation or condition is
necessary for this step. All important details and all are asked and considered for its conclusions
to be made or drawn (Aljawarneh, 2020). Consideration of various questions is done in order to
have its details. These questions involve every small detailing like when, where, who, and all
other. Who was there, in who's presence, what happened, what did a particular person did in that
situation and what others did and result of situation, its consequences and various other small
details.
Feelings are the most important thing, that really makes human. Gibbs model include
feelings of that person as its second step, the feelings that have been experienced in that
particular situation. What were the feels before and after or even during that situation. What
other people were feeling. What does the situation made that person feel then and now. What
does the situation made other people feel then and now. All other feelings are included during
this step. Evaluation, in this step, people need to be encouraged to look or go for an overview of
that particular situation and what approaches worked and which didn't worked for that situation.
All the positive, negative influences and outcomes and are considered and taken into account.
What went well and not so well in that situation (Edwards, Zajchowski, and Hill, 2021). What
was the contribution of the person and all other people to that situation, be it positive or negative.
Conclusions are made after the proper and overall evaluation of the situation. What all positive
and negative experience one has got and all other people got from that situation are taken into
account. Even if the same situation arises, will it affect in the condition or not. What more or less

skills are needed to develop and in what way this same situation can arise and what can be the
way sin which the same situation can be handled more effectively.
The nature of feedback and feed forward is essential to be evaluated by a student in order
to develop key advantage in academic life. The feedback approach focuses on student's current
performance and provides assessment of marking and evaluation. In the recent times, many
academic institutions provides feedback to students in order to gain development of students.
The feedback approach is considered as key approach which demands modifications or changes
in the project or assignment. On the other hand, feed forward technique is used as ahead to
different assessments and offers constructive guidance on how to do better. Application of Gibbs
model of reflection in feedback and feed forward approach is effective in making a student more
competent. The description of this approach includes key focus on learning in order to develop
professionalism for career growth (Hao, et. al. 2020). It is essential for an individual to analyse
whole situation and focus on development of a description based approach. Feelings includes the
thought and felt during the experience stage, avoid commenting on his emotions. The assessment
of whole situation is essential for an individual in order to lead the competition in a set period of
time. Evaluation of whole situation is necessary to be analysed by students and teachers to
encourage the person who is taking coaching to look objectively at approaches worked. In the
stage of evaluation, the positive side and negative side of a situation are analysed. The evaluation
of a situation should be made in a written form and analysis should also include key components
of a problem or scenario. The last stage in Gibbs model of reflection is related to the conclusion
which defines what all is gained through a situation. It is essential role of an individual to
develop a precise and systematic conclusion of a situation. In the feedback and forward
techniques the conclusion related to increase performance of students. The key approach to
The main motive of feedback and feed forward approach is to develop learning and
knowledge in students. In the teaching, feed forward technique is referred to timely and
constructive feedback that will be implemented into the next assignment (Mishra, 2020). This is
a type of self-directed learning which involves key theories of learning like Kolb's learning
cycle. The main motive of feedback is to increase and enhance performance of student. In the
current scenario, it is important for the students to focus on learning opportunities and grab them
with key focus on academic development. Main role of teachers is also to analyse key
importance of learning in students and perform teaching accordingly.

The reflective approach to feedback and feed forward approach plays an important role in
improving future of students. These approaches also helps a student to develop knowledge in
relation to learning and development. The feedback and feed forward approach helps a student to
develop academic learning and other advantages. In formative and summative assessments, it is
compulsory for a teacher to provide key and major feedbacks for increasing possibility of
growth. The teachers should also develop ethical practices in making feedback in formative and
summative assessments for ensuring ethical development of students (Nuwagaba, 2018). In the
recent times, teachers focus on development of students by providing feedback of each
assignment. There are various academic institutions which focus on increasing their key
approach towards providing feedback. Teachers also provide feedbacks that are based on
plagiarism and ask student to remove the similarity. It is main and key duty of teachers to check
the similarity in assignments with the help of Tunitin. After checking the assignment using
Turnitin, the teachers should focus on checking the assessment again after final submission. The
teachers should also give clear instructions and guidelines to students in completing the
feedback. The students must be also guided in a precise and systematic manner for development
of key objectives and goals related to an assignment. This is one of the key role of students to
deeply analyse strengths and opportunities which are important for further future development.
The skill development should be increased with the help and support of major plans and policies
which are developed by most of the academic institutions (Warren, 2021). There are various
academic institutions which are putting emphasis on key strategies and planning frameworks
which are important for developing competitive approach. All major academic institutions also
develop a major approach in the Gibbs model of reflection in order to achieve competitive
strength. The teachers and professors must continue to provide important feedbacks to students
to increase their mental ability and knowledge.

CONCLUSION
From the above stated essay it can be concluded that in the academic and professional
life, it is important for an individual to focus on learning and development. This project
concludes importance of Gibbs model of reflection in order to develop an effective approach in
educational field. This essay concludes the role played by different skills and competencies in
overall development of a student. The above discussion concludes significance of professors and
teachers in academic life to promote overall development. This essay concludes importance of
key strategic framework and planning which helps in future growth of an individual.

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Abdous, M.H., 2019. Influence of satisfaction and preparedness on online students' feelings of
anxiety. The Internet and Higher Education, 41, pp.34-44.
Aljawarneh, S.A., 2020. Reviewing and exploring innovative ubiquitous learning tools in higher
education. Journal of computing in higher education, 32(1), pp.57-73.
Edwards, E., Zajchowski, C.A. and Hill, E., 2021. Smartphone Impacts on Outdoor Orientation
Trip Goal Attainment. Journal of Experiential Education, 44(4), pp.328-345.
Hao, N., Qiao, X., Cheng, R., Lu, K., Tang, M. and Runco, M.A., 2020. Approach motivational
orientation enhances malevolent creativity. Acta psychologica, 203, p.102985.
Mishra, S., 2020. Social networks, social capital, social support and academic success in higher
education: A systematic review with a special focus on ‘underrepresented’students.
Educational Research Review, 29, p.100307.
Nuwagaba, D., 2018. Management International Orientation, Dynamic Capabilities,
Collaboration, ICT Usage and Internationalization of Higher Education Institutions.
Global Journal of Management And Business Research.
Warren, C.A., 2021. Urban preparation: Young Black men moving from Chicago's South Side to
success in higher education. Harvard Education Press.