Girls Trafficking in Nepal: Challenges and Strategies

This article discusses the challenges of girls trafficking in Nepal, including the role of globalization and the need for adaptive strategies. It also explores various actions and values needed to address this issue, as well as the role of technology in combating trafficking. The article provides insights into the strategies used to address the issue and the need for collaboration between stakeholders.

International perspective 1
GIRLS TRAFFICKING IN NEPAL
Name
Student ID
Institutional affiliation
Contents

International perspective 2
1. Introduction............................................................................................................................3
2. Globalization and emergency of the challenge....................................................................3
2.1 Nature of challenge and in the selected country and links to globalization....................3
3.0 The Adaptive challenge of Girl trafficking...........................................................................4
3.1 Strategies to address Girl trafficking challenge................................................................4
3.2 Actions needed to address Girl trafficking challenge.......................................................5
3.3 Boundaries needed to be crossed........................................................................................5
3.4 Values needed to be shifted.................................................................................................6
4.0 Role of technology in addressing girl trafficking challenge.................................................6
5.0 Conclusion................................................................................................................................7
References.......................................................................................................................................8

International perspective 3
1. Introduction
Human trafficking is trading in humans for purposes of commercial sexual exploitation,
sexual slavery, or forced labor for the trafficker or others (Tsutsumi et al. 2008 p.1841). The
aspect may encompass the extraction of tissues or organs which includes surrogacy or removal of
ova and forced marriages in order to provide a spouse. According to Crawford and Kaufman
(2008 p.905) the trafficking of girls is defined as the illegal buying and selling of girls and is
widely spread in remote areas of Nepal where people are poor, ignorant, or uneducated. The
traffickers of girls commit a major social crime and are believed to be selling their victims in
India and other parts of the world. The trafficking of girls in Nepal is a challenging problem,
with the traffickers making a complex network for supplying the girls, and travel to remote areas
and pretend to be officials, teachers, social workers and other titles which cannot raise suspicion.
2. Globalization and Emergence of the Challenge
Globalization refers to the process through which organizations or businesses venture into
international markets and begin its operations on an international scale. According to Kaufman
and Crawford (2011 p.660) today, capitalist globalization involves an unprecedented assumption
of human beings as commodities, which has massively industrialized the trading in sex in the last
thirty years leading to a rise in the trafficking of girls. Research by the International Labour
Organization (ILO) found out that forced labor alone, which is a component for the trafficking of
girls, generates profits of approximately $150 billion yearly as of 2014. The ILO in 2012
estimated the trapping into the modern-day slavery of approximately 21 million victims (Hamal
2014 p.167).

International perspective 4
Nature of Challenge in the Selected Country and Links to Globalization
In Nepal, the trafficking of girls is a serious and challenging problem not only in the country
but in the rest of the world. Many girls in Nepal face the risk of being trafficked, with the vice
increasing each day. Male and females have been discriminated hence weakening the potential of
girls who end up being trafficked and abandoned at various brothels where they become
prostitutes by being forced to take clients. Sadly, some of the traffickers collude with the
relatives so as to succeed in their operations hence reflecting how aggression has crossed
boundaries. Additionally, most trafficked girls are infected by venereal diseases and AIDS by
their clients. After being brought back into Nepal, the girls face the problem of sufficient medical
care, unemployment, and rejection by the society and their families. They lack affection from
their dear ones who drive them away after discarding them.
3.0 The Adaptive challenge of Girl trafficking
According to Thygeson, Morrissey, and Ulstad (2010 p.1009) adaptive challenges are
situations where too many solutions exist for a challenge but there are no clear choices or there
are no known solutions to the problems. Furthermore, adaptive challenges are unpredictable,
volatile and ambitious in nature, therefore, they require people to learn new things of which
requires innovation, adopt an experimental mindset and change their norms, attitudes, and
values.
3.1 Strategies to Address Girl Trafficking Challenge in Nepal
Currently, Girl trafficking has become prevalent with over 700,000 girl slaves globally
exist and the majority of the population are unaware (Shelley 2013 p.128). In Nepal, the current
strategies that are used include deep campaigns of discouraging girl trafficking from active
communities, rehabilitation that is done by non-governmental organization like Maiti Nepal,

International perspective 5
provision of medical care and brainstorming of girls and provision of vocational training to the
girls for development of different skills so they can be independent and earn for themselves.
Other strategies include raising of awareness of girls trafficking among civil society, law
enforcement bodies and policymakers. Furthermore, implementation of Nepal law strategy has
reduced the figure significantly with penalties ranging from 10 to 20 years’ imprisonment
discouraging dealers of girls trafficking (Simkhada 2008 p.235). However, the current strategies
used in addressing girl trafficking challenges are not working fast enough to bring a solution to
the girl trafficking challenge.
3.2 Actions Needed To Address Girl Trafficking Challenge in Nepal
The solution or prevention of girls trafficking in Nepal requires to increase public
awareness and collaboration with conscious citizens. Marches, slogans and meetings can raise
public awareness. Furthermore, articles need to be published in newspapers frequently to aware
people. The information should further reach to teachers in the villages as they can influence and
make the community aware of the crime. Additionally, when the community is aware, many
victims are likely to protect themselves if they know how traffickers tempt them and what
happens in case of trafficking attempt them. Providing employment to citizens without gender
biases, massive campaigns to end gender discrimination and strict laws are the solution to the
girls trafficking challenges. Other actions include Implementations of more laws regarding girls
trafficking, strict checking in Nepal borders and India and educating girls in rural areas.
3.3 Boundaries Needed To Be Crossed
The boundaries between states, markets, and civil spheres need to be crossed in order to
pave an effective way of ending girl trafficking challenge. In order to cross these boundaries,
Nepal government must be on the frontline to identify local potential markets and collaboratively

International perspective 6
working with common citizens to determine the root cause and dealers of the girls trafficking.
The collaboration with neighboring countries to fight against girls trafficking also assist in
identification of dealers and Girls trafficking market abroad. Furthermore, the Joining of
different society together and deriving informers among them raise one voice of curbing the girl
trafficking challenges (Sanghera 2017 p.37). Furthermore, the informers need to identify the
specific areas where the girls trafficking activities are taking place and the key people involved
in this social evil business.
3.4 Values Needed To Be Shifted
The traditional cultural values, age-old patriarchal value system, and social values need to
be shifted to modern values to effectively implement the change and deliver strategies that will
bring a solution to challenges of girl trafficking (Deane 2010 p.493). Although the constitution of
Nepal has guaranteed equality and empowerment to women, the culture of discrimination against
women in the country is manifested in many ways. Women are still regarded as second-class
citizens and commodities as they are suffering from political, cultural, social and economic
fronts. Furthermore, girls trafficking is rooted deeply in the oppressive cultures systems creating
forced-sex slavery environment. For example, the Badi community has made subservience as a
normal life for decades with girls from this group serving other groups and the tradition had
become a means of livelihood (Gurung 2014 p.163).
4.0 Role of Technology in Addressing Girl Trafficking Challenge
Technology has played a key role in addressing the girl trafficking challenge in Nepal.
Current advancement in technology such as social media networks, internet, GPS and mobile
phones have contributed to effective communication between different stakeholders.
Furthermore, the technologies have enabled faster law enforcement communication and

International perspective 7
identification of traffickers and the tracing of their activities as their mobile phones, social media
profiles, online correspondence, and transactions can be traced. Additionally, technology is
extensively used by agencies, individuals, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and groups
for raising global awareness of the girl trafficking and preventing other criminal activities
(Kunze 2009 p.241).
5.0 Conclusion
The problem of trafficking of girls for financial and sexual exploitation can be solved
through the elimination of poverty by the provision of job opportunities, provision of education
for all, and raising awareness for all. Various social organizations are working towards the
elimination of the problem of trafficking of girls, with their program enhancing the effectiveness
of efforts to wipe out the problem. The trafficking of girls has proven to be a stigma in Nepal and
other countries and can be mitigated through making people aware of the dangers associated with
the trade in order to ensure that everyone assumes responsibility in solving the problem.
Governments should intervene to curb the vice by ensuring that perpetrators of the crime are
punished heavily by the law.

International perspective 8
References
Crawford, M. and Kaufman, M.R., 2008. Sex trafficking in Nepal: Survivor characteristics and
long-term outcomes. Violence against women. 8th ed. USA: SAGE Publications. Pp.905-916.
Deane, T., 2010. Cross-border trafficking in Nepal and India—violating women’s rights. Human
rights review. 4th ed. Germany: Springer. pp.491-513.
Hamal Gurung, S., 2014. Sex trafficking and the sex trade industry: The processes and
experiences of Nepali women. Journal of Intercultural Studies. 2nd ed. U.S.A: Taylor & Francis.
pp.163-181.
Kaufman, M.R. and Crawford, M., 2011. Research and activism review: Sex trafficking in
Nepal: A review of intervention and prevention programs. Violence against women. 5th ed.
U.S.A: SAGE Publications. pp.651-665.
Kunze, E.I., 2009. Sex trafficking via the internet: How international agreements address the
problem and fail to go far enough. J. High Tech. L. 10th ed. New York: Hein Online. p.241.
Sanghera, J., 2017. Unpacking the trafficking discourse. In Trafficking and prostitution
reconsidered. London: Routledge. pp. 37-58.
Shelley, L. (2013). Human trafficking as a form of transnational crime. In Human trafficking
U.S.A: Taylor & Francis. pp. 128-149.
Simkhada, P., 2008. Life histories and survival strategies amongst sexually trafficked girls in
Nepal. Children & society. 3rd ed. U.S.A: Elsevier. pp.235-248.

International perspective 9
Thygeson, M., Morrissey, L. and Ulstad, V., 2010. Adaptive leadership and the practice of
medicine: a complexity‐based approach to reframing the doctor–patient relationship. Journal of
Evaluation in Clinical Practice. 5th ed. U.S.A: Wiley Online Library. pp.1009-1015.
Tsutsumi, A., Izutsu, T., Poudyal, A.K., Kato, S. and Marui, E., 2008. Mental health of female
survivors of human trafficking in Nepal. Social Science & Medicine. 8th ed. U.S.A: Elsevier.
pp.1841-1847.