This article discusses the measurement of global burden of disease using QALY and DALY. It explains the WHO guidelines and GBD study for disease burden assessment. The article is useful for researchers and students studying public health and epidemiology.
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Running head: MEASURING THE GLOBAL BURDEN OF DISEASE MEASURING THE GLOBAL BURDEN OF DISEASE Name of the Student Name of the university Author’s note
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1MEASURING THE GLOBAL BURDEN OF DISEASE Global burden of disease and its measurement The global burden of a disease can be defined as the prevalence of a particular disease all over the world, its effect on the community, population, its burden on the national GDP. The global burden of a disease is often measured by considering the quality adjusted life or the disability –adjusted life years (QALY). They are used for the quantification of the number of years that has been lost because of any clinical illness. The QALY considers both the quality of life and the quantity of life generated in the health intervention. A year of life with perfect health is considered as 1, whilst a year of complete functional impairment is measured to be zero (World Health Organization., 2012). The disability adjusted life years (DALY) can be considered as the potential years of life lost due to the death that has occurred prematurely (YLL) and corresponding years of “healthy” life lost owing to an disability or diseases. The disabilities might be physical or mental (Hay et al., 2017). World health organisation has provided a set of guidelines for the measurement of the disease burden of a locality and a nation. One of the well-known assessment of the burden of disease is the “ Global burden of the disease study” conducted by the world health organisation. The researchers who were conducting the GBD studies are the ones who first discovered or used the concept of DALYs (World Health Organization., 2012). The WHO Global health estimates provides a comparable and a comprehensive assessment of loss of health due to diseases. The GBD project quantified the health effects of more than 100 diseases injuries for almost eight regions in the world which helps the researchers to understand the burden of a particular health
2MEASURING THE GLOBAL BURDEN OF DISEASE issue (Murray & Lopez, 2013). The GBD study generates a comprehensive estimation of the mortality and morbidity as per sex, age and region. A methodology has been developed by WHO quantifying the health of a population by the use of the summary measures (DALY). The approach based on exposure measures the exposure by the level of the pollutants used for the calculation of the ecological burden of the disease (World Health Organization., 2012). The metrics used in GBD would help in analysing the information obtained in each of the conditions making the information comparable and systematic. In spite of the different assessment methods devised, there is almost non consensus on the best measure of the public health.
3MEASURING THE GLOBAL BURDEN OF DISEASE References Hay, S. I., Abajobir, A. A., Abate, K. H., Abbafati, C., Abbas, K. M., Abd-Allah, F., ... & Aboyans, V. (2017). Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 333 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 195 countries and territories, 1990–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016.The Lancet,390(10100), 1260-1344. Murray, C. J., & Lopez, A. D. (2013). Measuring the global burden of disease.New England Journal of Medicine,369(5), 448-457. World Health Organization., (2012).About the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) project. Access date: 25.1.2019. Retrieved from: https://www.who.int/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/about/en/