This document discusses the concept of global business ethics and its implications on corporations and the environment. It explores the illusion argument concerning utilitarianism, the psychopathic nature of corporations, and the benefits of corporate greening for profits.
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GLOBAL BUSINESS ETHICS1 Global Business Ethics By [Name] Institution Professor Course Date
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Global Business Ethics2 Global Business Ethics 1. Explain what Joel Marks means by the illusion argument concerning utilitarianism? ANSWER: Immanuel Kant utilitarianism provisions developed an extended theory about moral duties that included straight responsibilities to non-human animals. It suggested that the consequences experienced after the operation determines the morality of an action. Kant argued that the fundamental aim of ethics is to treat all people. Marks explained that as people try to develop what is morally right in society, it is impossible to fulfill the morality ethics because some of the individual actions would go unknown(Marks, 2016, np). Marks argues that Kant's theory needed proper explanations for it to make sense in the society hence terming it as an illusion argument. Rightful and moral considerations for the non-humans must be extended for the Kant's theory to be appreciated. Marks claimed that the consequentialism violated the dignity of non-human beings. (131words) 2. Why, according to Joel Bakan, are corporations psychopathic? ANSWER: Bakan argues that corporations are institutional psychopaths and treacherous owners of power that is over people and the entire society. Their main aim is to capitalize on profit for their stakeholders. Their ignorance of the methods used to achieve their goals depicts them like a maniac. Bakan argues that the corporation's psychopathic nature enables them to manipulate everyone, including the government. He illustrates the corporate psychopathic view as that of human beings who have no concern for others and are not capable of handling their relationship with others. They have repeated lies and have no affection for other individuals and societal members. They fail to adapt and obey the norms and values of society and are not capable of experiencing guilt over their actions. Bakan argues that the corporation's activities are not attributed to the qualities of the executive that run them. (140words)
Global Business Ethics3 3. To what extent is corporate greening good for profits and the bottom-line, as argued by Engardio? ANSWER: According to Engardio, operating an environmentally friendly business helps in reducing negative impacts on the environment and contributes to the preservation of natural resources. At such a point, the company uses resources that do not rely much on the environment, such as rainwater tanks and solar energies. The business practice recycling of materials instead of disposing them to the environment. Being friendly to the situation would not only preserve the environment but also helps in saving money. Engardio argues that avoidance, reusing, recycling, and reduction of unnecessary materials lower the cost of expenditures incurred on purchasing the same elements in business. Such activities can attract more customers in the market, which would be an advantage over the competitors(Crane & Matten, 2016, np). Most of the clients require buying products and services from an organization that is friendly to the environment. Such a focus helps organizations in retaining and sustaining their staffs in the business. Reduction of environmental impacts in business helps in the sustainability of the, which eventually attracts more customers and more profit. A business that depends less on natural resources has long-term success compared to the ones that rely entirely on natural resources. Reduction of costs incurred in a company, the attraction of customers and business sustainability are signs of more profit attraction, which in the long run benefit the business. According to Engardio, such activity enjoys high profits compared to its competitors. (236words) 4. According to deontological ethics or deontology, the morality of an action should be based on what exactly?
Global Business Ethics4 ANSWER: In deontological ethics, an action is well-thought-out as morally upright because of its characteristics and not the goodness of its products. The morality of activities in the society should be considered whether it's right or wrong not by its consequences. Deontological theories argue that some actions are morally necessary, irrespective of their impacts on the welfare of the human being. The approaches create emphases on the relationship between the morality of human being's actions and their duties(Crane & Matten, 2016, np). Kant argued that nothing could be useful, without its qualifications apart from goodwill itself. Goodwill is acting following the law of the society without natural inclinations. For proper functioning of the societal systems, the ethical framework of a society depends on sets and rules within the community that are already predefined. Deontology provides rules and regulations that should be adhered to when doing a particular action in society. The work is considered morally upright if all the set rules and regulations were followed when practicing the specific task. According to deontology, a moral obligation may arise from external or internal of the society. Kant argued that people must do their actions in line with their duties, and the aspect of right or wrong determines the moral obligation of the work. Things such as intelligence and pleasure may be seen to be right in society, but they lack intrinsic goodness or may be good without qualification. (236words)
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Global Business Ethics5 References Crane, A., and Matten, D., 2016.Business ethics: Managing corporate citizenship and sustainability in the age of globalization. Oxford University Press. Marks, J., 2016.Hard Atheism and the Ethics of Desire: An Alternative to Morality. Springer.