Global Health and Sustainability

This assignment delves into the intricacies of global health, sustainability, and environmental concerns. It examines the relationships between human activities, ecosystems, and health outcomes, highlighting key challenges and recommendations for policymakers. The document draws from various sources, including books, journals, and online resources, to provide a comprehensive understanding of these complex issues.

Global Health and
Sustainability

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK...............................................................................................................................................1
Issue:...........................................................................................................................................1
Background:................................................................................................................................1
Key considerations......................................................................................................................5
Options........................................................................................................................................6
Current status:.............................................................................................................................8
CONCLUSION ..............................................................................................................................9
RECOMMENDATION ..................................................................................................................9
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................11

INTRODUCTION
Poverty is one of the main reason of ill health & is a barrier to access health care when
ever required. Its relationship is also associated to other factors to poverty like lack of
information related to health promoting practices (Belz and Peattie, 2012). All the possible
consequences related to poverty have an influence on lives of children. This report is based on
relation of poverty and access to health care with living standard of people in United Kingdom.
The assignment covers causes of prevailing poverty in country as well as its affect on health
care. Social, politics, economic and environmental factors are also discussed. The way in which
all those factors affects poverty and access to healthcare is defined in this project.
TASK
Issue:
The main issue that is considered in this project is relation of living standard of people in
United Kingdom with poverty and access to health care. Now a days, living standard of people
is change totally. They do their work by sitting at one place only and eliminate exercises and
morning walks from their daily schedule. This may lead them to various health issues. They
spent more on esteem needs rather then fulfilling their basic needs which results in poverty. It is
one of the major reason of ill health. It is directly linked with financial position of people as poor
people are not able to spent their money on purchasing those things which are required for good
health.
Background:
Poverty is a condition in which a community or an individual lacks financial resources to
enjoy minimum life standard & well being that is considered acceptable in the society. The
concept of poverty is multifaceted which may involve economical, political and social elements.
Administering basic needs can be limited by constraint on ability of government to deliver
services like tax avoidance, corruption, loan and debt conditionality by educational and health
care professionals (Charron, 2012). For many international firms like World Bank and United
Nations, poverty reduction is a major issue. The edge at which supreme neediness is
characterized is thought to be about the same, free of the individual's lasting area or time. Then
again, relative destitution happens when a man who lives in a given nation hates a specific least
level of "expectations for everyday comforts" when contrasted with whatever remains of the
number of inhabitants in that nation. In this manner, the limit at which relative neediness is
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characterized fluctuates starting with nation then onto the next, or starting with one society then
onto the next.
Inspite of being a developed nation, those individuals who are surviving at lower end of
distribution of income in United Kingdom have low living standard relatively (Frenk and Moon,
2013). In year 2016, incomes based data is published by department for work & pensions
depicts that after taken into consideration, the housing cost, number of individuals living in
United Kingdom in poverty to be 13.42 m.
Absolute poverty is referred as condition in which people don't have enough income so as
to meet their basic requirements like access to facilities. The above mentioned graph depicts
about percentage of individuals over time in United Kingdom (Frumkin, 2016). It clearly shows
that there is a constant decline in after housing and before housing cost.
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Relative poverty refers to the condition where people lack minimum required income to
maintain average living standard in society they live. It is considered as the most easiest way for
measuring poverty level in a particular country. The above mentioned graph shows percentage of
people in relative poverty over time in United Kingdom (Gostin and Sridhar, 2014).
During 16th Century, because of rise in population, it was not always easy to find out job.
In that time, there are thousands of individuals who are wandering around for the purpose of
looking for job. Disabled beggars were also there in UK who pretend to be mad.
In year 1950, only 3% people went on holidays to abroad and only 4% people owned
television. In 1960, the whole picture had changed. At that time, researcher note that belief
regarding virtually eliminated of poverty in United Kingdom is commonly held. But, by 1990,
again poverty was all over the place. The sources speaks that inequality and poverty levels
unexampled in post war history (Gostin, 2012). Living standard of people is related with poverty
& access to health care. Poor people are not able to afford those things which are required for
good health. It involves sufficient quantity of food as well as healthcare. Apart from this, some
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other factors are also associated with it such as lack of voice required to make services work for
them and not having appropriate information regarding health promoting practices.
The work of world bank in area of financial protection and health equity is defined by
health, nutrition & population strategy in 2007. this strategy determines that “preventing poverty
because of illness is one of its strategic objectives & commit the health team of bank both by
regional operations and analytical work, to address vulnerability that occurs from health shocks.
This strategy also focuses on the significance of equity in health results in second objective that
is to enhance distribution and level of key health, population and nutrition outcomes significantly
for vulnerable and poor (Johnston, Fanzo and Cogill, 2014). Bank aids government to execute
variety of programs and policies in order to minimize in equalities in health results and improve
financial protection. A mechanism is involved in this that assists in overcome social,
psychological and geographic barriers to reduce out of pocket treatment cost and accessing care.
Various actions are taken by government in order to eliminate poverty from country:
In year 2012, ' social justice: transforming lives' is published that explains plans of government
for providing families and individuals who are facing multiple disadvantages the tools and
support they require to turn their lives. “Social justice outcomes framework” was also published
on October 2012. It defines what the higher authority wants to attain and how success will be
measured. On April 2013, Social Justice: transforming lives – one year on was published. This
report looks at the way in which principles of social justice impact service delivery at local and
national level, across voluntary and private sectors and in government. Their strategy involves
actions to:
 Assists troubled families to turn their life around.
 Mental health improvement (Kohl 3rd and et. al., 2012).
 Minimise child poverty and ensure that a proper support is getting by children so that
they are able to complete their education.
 Assist in recovery of people & become independent at the time when things may gone
wrong.
 Make work pay & assist individuals to seek and stay in work.
 Work with private, public and voluntary sectors in order to deal more effectively with
difficult situations.
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Current status:
Poverty is also a part of society in which various number of individuals are already
involved into it. In UK, there is a need to determine the poverty rate properly so that current
status could be estimate and understand properly through which chances of deriving suitable
actions and steps get done. As per the survey rate in 2017, it founded that around 20% individual
in United Kingdom live under the poverty line which includes about 8 million working age
individuals, 1.9 million pensioners with 4 million children. This ratio is typically high in frame
as compared with years of 2012 – 2013 in which 40,000 more UK children as well as 30,000
more prisoners are consider under poverty (Current Status of Poverty, 2017).
UK government and individual work in such scenario again and again from past few
years which nee to assess and understand better. Although, very effective and suitable steps
carried down but for controlling poverty in working age adults as well as in pensioners tend to
rise with every course of time. Thus, to deal with this current situation, individuals need to take
more frequent and appropriate steps in frame where government launch a campaign Solve UK
Poverty where something appropriate and strategic get done to resolve such attribute.
In such aspect, a comprehensive long term strategy get perform better as per JRF in
which government, businesses, charities, individual and communities all start working towards
poverty to made UK free of poverty. This task is not easy in frame because it not get done all of
a sudden frame of cause but actually get rid down when suitable mission, objectives and targets
get crafted.
This current situation will getting rise with each and every course of time which need to
understand better and in effective frame so that poverty issue could be resolve frequently.
Pensioner poverty is getting increase with every course of time and now it reach up to 16% rate
in the year 2016. This rise in pensioners impacted and create a major situation in front of
economist. They have to carried down and determine suitable and beneficial attribute so that they
could manage things better (Frenk and Moon, 2013).
Thus, on the basis of these statistics, it clearly get evaluated that poverty section in UK is
very critical in frame for which government need to adopt and done suitable steps. This is a
major and reflect disability to vast group of individuals. Pensioners getting impacted most but
after some duration of course it might tend to rise again and again with next few years as well till
2021 – 2022. Here, working adult get or face high poverty rate of around 22% where chances of
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decline are relatively low in frame. This need to address properly by government or they have to
take some appropriate steps to get rid down. Although, poverty rate is getting high days after
days which need to understand by government properly and for this situation, appropriate and
suitable steps could be carried down properly in order to minimise the negative influence.
Key considerations
The data of 2017 regarding poverty shows that in United Kingdom, overall 14 million
individuals live in poverty. It is made up of around 8 million people who are working age adult,
1.9 million pensioners and 4 million children. Around 8 million people are live in families where
1 person at least is in work .
Over last 20 years, poverty has dramatically reduced among people in United Kingdom
who had been most at risk – certain kinds of families with their children and pensioners. But, that
process initiating to unravel; for both groups, poverty rates have again started to rise. The
analysis depicts that 3 components that have led to decline in poverty (Liu and et. al., 2015). The
reasons for poor health of million of people globally are rooted in economic, social and political
injustices. Both, a co0nsequence and cause of poor health is poverty. It maximise the chances of
poor health which in turn trap people or community in poverty. Neglected and infectious tropical
diseases weaken and kill millions of poor people each year.
In United Kingdom, various working families are living in condition of poverty with 10% falling
income of poor workers in decade. The other facts regarding poverty includes:
1. Half surprisingly in people live in a family unit where somebody is in paid work.
2. One out of five grown-ups in people is behind with no less than one bill, contrasted and one
out of 20 grown-ups not in neediness.
3. Around 66% of the individuals who looked for some kind of employment in the previous year
went up against occupations that paid not as much as the living compensation.
4. There has been a colossal ascent in less than 25s living in destitution achieving a close to
unsurpassed high, while neediness among those more than 75 is at a record low (Lobelo,
Stoutenberg and Hutber, 2014).
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5. The poorest family units spend in excess of a fourth of their wage on lodging, with the poorest
private leaseholders spending the greater part of their salary on lodging.
6. Residential vitality bills have dramatically increased, while general costs are 30% higher than
10 years back.
7. Single people without kids have seen their earnings fall the most in the most recent decade.
Just beneficiaries and single guardians have seen an ascent. Wealthier family units have seen a
greater ascent than poorer families.
8. There are 13.3 million individuals in neediness in the UK. In any case, this year the destitution
line is lower than in earlier years since earnings have fallen. Utilizing a similar destitution line as
in 2007/08, there are 16.6 million individuals living in neediness (Patz and et. al., 2014).
Options
There are different methods to reduce poverty. Through this it can increase the standard
of living of people living in U.K. Various options and ways are there to reduce poverty from the
country. They are:
Sustainable growth: It helps in sustainable growth of company. This can be achieved
through proving of different education opportunities to all people. Through this it can generate
more revenues. Through this there is reduction of poverty from country. Hence as a result it can
generate more profits.
Minimum wages: Govt can provide minimum wages to all poor people so that all people
can increase their standard of living. Thus it can reduce poverty from the country.
Market policies to reduce poverty: There are different marketing plans and policies so
that it can reduce poverty from the country. Thus it can enhance different techniques there is
growth and development of the country.
Direct provision of goods and services: Govt can provide eduction at less cost to all poor
people and it thus can create different strategies and policies. Strategies are developed so that it
can provide education at free of costs. Through this it can reduce poverty from the country
(Rapport and Maffi, 2011).
Advantages of reducing poverty:
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There are different advantages that company can receive through reduction of poverty.
They are:
Growth of economy: There is development and growth of economy. Hence as a result
country is strong in terms of income and other factors.
Increases education level: By providing education at free costs it can enhance education level of
all buyers and it can reduce poverty in country.
Increase the GDP of nation: They can enhance GDP of country. So U.K. can maintain
unique position and can give competition to other countries. Through this it can maintain unique
image in market. Thus it can provide effective services to all nations (Tilman and Clark, 2014).
Disadvantages of poverty:
Conflicts: There are different conflicts among people as sometimes some people get
higher minimum wages. There are different conflicts among all nations. Thus it hampers the
work and activities related to performing in business.
Reduces profits: There is reduction of profits of company as work is hampered due to
conflicts and issues. Hence U.K. Companies cannot perform better.
Decreasing of market share: There is reduction in market share due to reducing profits.
Thus it cannot maintain unique position in market as well as in front of all users. Hence it leads
to reducing of market share in country.
After evaluating advantages and disadvantage U.K. take steps to reduce poverty. Thus
through taking above steps such as providing of minimum wages and provision of goods etc. it
can reduce poverty. Thus it leads to increase the standard of living and thus it can increase the
income and GDP of nation. Through this it can maintain unique position among all buyers. Thus
it can increase the standard of living and GDP of nation (World Health Organization and World
Health Organization, 2015). Thus as a result company can give huge competition to all buyers.
Thus as a result it can maintain strong position in the market.
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CONCLUSION
It get concluded from the project briefing paper that global health is a major thing for
each and every individual. If global individual health is not appropriate in nature then chances of
gaining negative influences are high in tenure. Thus, for managing sustainability it is really
important to go with global health and sustainability concept. This briefing paper have definite
theme which got presented for local or national government regarding poverty and access to
healthcare. A major issue which got evaluated is poverty with global health which have to
improve via government through effective and beneficial steps in frame. The current status of
poverty in UK is high in frame where pensioners and working age adults ratio in such streamline
rise with each and every year frame. Although, with support of various graphs and charts things
become understand properly which further enable in drawing valid policies by government.
Certain number of recommendation will used to evaluated which have to consider by
government properly.
RECOMMENDATION
Local or national government understand the concept of poverty and global health with
this briefing paper. It is really essential to draw things better and appropriate in nature via such
report so that beneficial and effective decision used to take place. Thus, certain number of
recommendation on the basis of this briefing paper define as follow:
 One of a major issue which reflected through this briefing paper is poverty which
consider as major problem in UK. Thus, government could craft certain policies in
relation with poverty. Here, they can provide job opportunities to vast unskilled
individual with suitable training.
 Another thing or recommendation is get done through charities. Non government
organisation determine the level of poverty for working age adults as well as pensioners.
Hence, such NGO could provide better working opportunities to pensioners so that their
job stated continue after retirement. This result in dealing out with poverty attribute
properly and effectively.
 Another recommendation is foe the community groups whom determine in UK economic
world. They required to work for society where chances of health related problems get
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resolve better. They need to provide better and effective training to each and every
individual better so that chances of health related problems get resolve.
All these recommendations have to consider by the local or national government and
need to promote health and secure working practices. This will result in led the things drawn
better and effective so that supportive determination get drawn. This will result in providing
beneficial aspect so that chances of providing supportive gain could become possible.
REFERENCES
Books and Journals
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Belz, F. M. and Peattie, K., 2012. Sustainability marketing: A global perspective.
Charron, D. F., 2012. Ecosystem approaches to health for a global sustainability agenda.
EcoHealth. 9(3). pp.256-266.
Frenk, J. and Moon, S., 2013. Governance challenges in global health. New England Journal of
Medicine. 368(10). pp.936-942.
Frumkin, H., 2016. Environmental health: from global to local. John Wiley & Sons.
Gostin, L. O. and Sridhar, D., 2014. Global health and the law. New England Journal of
Medicine. 370(18). pp.1732-1740.
Gostin, L. O., 2012. A framework convention on global health: health for all, justice for all.
Jama. 307(19). pp.2087-2092.
Johnston, J. L., Fanzo, J. C. and Cogill, B., 2014. Understanding Sustainable Diets: A
Descriptive Analysis of the Determinants and Processes That Influence Diets and Their
Impact on Health, Food Security, and Environmental Sustainability–. Advances in
nutrition. 5(4). pp.418-429.
Kohl 3rd, H. W. and et. al., 2012. The pandemic of physical inactivity: global action for public
health. The Lancet. 380(9838). pp.294-305.
Liu, J. and et. al., 2015. Systems integration for global sustainability. Science. 347(6225).
p.1258832.
Lobelo, F., Stoutenberg, M. and Hutber, A., 2014. The exercise is medicine global health
initiative: a 2014 update. Br J Sports Med, pp.bjsports-2013.
Patz, J. A. and et. al., 2014. Climate change: challenges and opportunities for global health.
Jama. 312(15). pp.1565-1580.
Rapport, D. J. and Maffi, L., 2011. Eco-cultural health, global health, and sustainability.
Ecological Research. 26(6). pp.1039-1049.
Tilman, D. and Clark, M., 2014. Global diets link environmental sustainability and human health.
Nature. 515(7528). p.518.
World Health Organization and World Health Organization. Management of Substance Abuse
Unit, 2014. Global status report on alcohol and health, 2014. World Health
Organization.
Online
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Current Status of Poverty, 2017. Online available through<https://www.jrf.org.uk/report/uk-
poverty-2017>
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