Global Health and Sustainability

This report discusses the issues, background, and current status of global health and sustainability, with a focus on breast cancer. It provides insights on key considerations and recommendations to reduce breast cancer among women in both developing and developed countries.

Global Health and
Sustainability

Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
MAIN BODY..................................................................................................................................3
Issues................................................................................................................................................3
Background......................................................................................................................................4
Current status...................................................................................................................................5
Key consideration............................................................................................................................6
Option............................................................................................................................................10
Recommendation...........................................................................................................................11
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................12
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................14

INTRODUCTION
Global heath is the respective level of understanding in term of the international and
interdisciplinary contexts which have the inclusion of their respective study, research and
practising of the medicines in order to have the focus on improving heath and health care equity
for the population worldwide in respective manner (da Costa Vieira and et.al., 2017). Global
health initiative has tended in account the medical and non-medical disciplinary’s which have the
consisting of epidemiology, sociology, economic disparities, public policy, environmental
factors, cultural studies, etc. as considered to the breast cancer in been identified as the global
issues as having its existence in both developed and developing countries. This cancer has been
identified as the top cancer in the women which is increasing at significant rate in the developing
countries as most of the case have been the diagnoses in the last stages. In this report there will
be clear discussion of the issue of breast cancer and currents status of the global issues in all over
the world. There will be also the discussion of their important trends, data, facts and
considerations in order to have the supporting statements. The report will be concluded with
respective conclusion and recommendation in order to have reduction of the breast cancer among
in women in both developing and developed countries.
MAIN BODY
Issues
Disparities in the level of global burden, the breast cancer have been identified especially in the
countries which have the inclusion of different development levels. In addition to that’s the
global health policy makes have to clear with understanding of the exact level of correlations
between the disease burden and socioeconomic status to formulate appropriate measures
according to local conditions. This briefing is regarding the description of the current trends and
pattern of the breast cancer incidence and mortality among there low middle-income countries.
this will be combining the latest data s with the breast cancers over the last 2 decades (Rivera-
Franco and Leon-Rodriguez, 2018). The approach will be comprehensive level of investigations
of the breast cancer along associates’ level of health inequalities and change according the
national development level. On the other hand the developing countries are facing the changing
demographic which have their change all the mergence of the public health interest in all the
disease patterner, epidemiology and the treatments outcomes in order to have the controlling
strategies of cancer. As the issues that the rapid level of urbanization in the developing countries
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have the inflicted the major level of changes in the disease patterns. In order to have the full level
of understanding of the narrowing gap between the developed and developing countries will be
stated in the briefing reports. There have the inclusion the strategic level of approaches in order
have the control over the cancer should be directed to the unique nature of each region
(Samantaray, and et.al.,2017). There is the need for the special direction which is making the
proper representation of the age groups which have the requiring the special level of
consideration in terms of the during the screening the breast ungazing the symptomatic
presentations late last stages as well as there have been lacks of the adequate level of diagnosis
and treatments facilities.
Background
Breast cancer is the leading causes of the death and disability among the women’s in the low-
and middle-income countries. In addition to that’s there have the incidence of their overall
mortality rates have there to continues lower that’s in most of the high-income countries as the
case of fatality rate form the breast cancer tends to very high. Developing countries tends to have
the limited level of resources and the use if there the different significant strategies in order to
have diagnosing the breast cancers. In the low middle-income countries there, population have
the clear dependency on their public health care systems which will be affecting the diagnosis of
the cancer. As per there census of the 2011, it has been estimated as the worldwide over the
508000 women have died in the 2011 due to the breast cancers (Vanderpuye and et.al., 2017). As
considered to be though as disease , it can be stated as developed countries have almost 50% of
breast cancer cases and the 58% of there death have been occurred in less developed countries.
As there is low level of survivals rate in the developing countries have the clear level of
statement stating that’s there is lack of early detection programmes which have been resulting
in the high proportions if the won presenting themselves at the late last stages as well as there
have been lacks of the adequate level of diagnosis and treatments facilities. As the issues that the
rapid level of urbanization in the developing countries have the inflicted the major level of
changes in the disease patterns.
The breast cancer incidence rate is higher in high-income countries than in low-income and
middle-income countries. As many of their high income countries have the better level of
awareness of the risk factors due to the regulars mammography screening and the stuffiest and
effective medical services which have turned out to get the decrease in there breast cancer
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motility rates in the last decade and stable level of incidence rate s since 2000. This cancer has
been identified as the top cancer in the women which is increasing at significant rate in the
developing countries as most of the case have been the diagnoses in the last stages. The burden
of the breast camera of the developing countries are underestimated as the lacs of specialized
care along each level of data base can have clear level of contributions in the lower incidences
(Parks and et.al.,2018). The developing countries are facing the changing demographic which
have their change all the emergence of the public health interest in all the disease patterner,
epidemiology and the treatments outcomes in order to have the controlling strategies of cancer.
There is the need for the special direction which is making the proper representation of the age
groups which have the requiring the special level of consideration As per the recent report, it
has been stated as their breast cancer is causing approx. 327000 death per years which is
annually having the estimation of the 1.35 million to the projected case of the 1.7 million in
order to be diagnosis with the breast cancer in the year 20202. This have the clear the reflection
of the straight increase of 26% as most of the occurrence are taking place in the developing
countries.
Current status
This diseases have burden unforeseen challenges in the management and distinctive outcome of
their countries which have the clear level of resulted in there high level of survivals rates in the
terms of developed countries and the lower rate have been reported in the underprivileges
developing countries in significant manner. on the other hand, it have also been stated as there
more level of younger populations have been reported under the breast cancer as there
compositive to western countries in order to be more specially the incidence of breast cancer
increases with age during the reproductive years.
It have been stated as there young nature of the female body breast cancer in among their
populations have the tending to be the clinically and pathogenically aggressive following the
rapid level of progressions in term of the high mortality rate as compared to the older women.
As the current tats it have been stated as breast cancer in the women in term of age below than 40
have the worse level of survivals rates as compare to the those of the older women (Fernando,
and et.al.,2018). There is the need for the special direction which is making the proper
representation of the age groups which have the requiring the special level of consideration in
terms of the during the screening the breast ungazing the symptomatic presentations. This
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review has shown that the breast cancer affected 46% of women below the age of 40 years in
2000, that number had dramatically declined to 23% in 2017. The approach will be
comprehensive level of investigations of the breast cancer along associates’ level of health
inequalities and change according the national development level. As the issues that the rapid
level of urbanization in the developing countries have the inflicted the major level of changes in
the disease patterns. In order to have the full level of understanding of the narrowing gap
between the developed and developing countries will be stated in the briefing reports
In the report , it have formally been discussed as there age have the adjustment the incidences
and mortality of the breast cancer having the verification with epigraphical variation in
systematised manner (Rojas and Stuckey, 2016). in the various reach, it have been stated that the
burden of the breast camera of the developing countries are underestimated as the lacs of
specialized care along each level of data base can have clear level of contributions in the lower
incidences.
There is the need or have systematise level of awareness among the emerging female women as
young as the age of 20 years with screening starting at the age of 40 years and at the age of 30
years for high - risk women
Key consideration
As per discussion about the background, history and current analysis that has summarized
about the topic such as breast cancer. It is the most commonly diseases in women which rapidly
developed in the global world. As per estimation, it has analysed that 508000 women died in
2011 because of breast cancer. Although, this disease has increasingly developed, almost 50% of
breast cancer cases and 58% of death happen in less developed nations (Nagata, 2010).
Incident happen when it has identified the greatly worldwide from 19% per 100,000
women in eastern Africa to 89.7 per 10,000 women into other western countries. In this way, it
will be determined the incidence rate within developing regions (Monticciolo and et.al., 2018).
Breast cancer survival faced a lot of challenging issues in their day to day lives. Ranging from 70
to 80 % over America. Furthermore, the lowest survival rate is becoming less developed nations
that can be describing the lack of early detection program or event. As a result, it will be higher –
proposition of women which is representing with late stage diseases.
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The government also taking initiatives towards the continuous update project. In this
way, it can be determined the strong evidence that consumption of greater birth weight, alcoholic
drinking and other causes of premenopausal breast cancer. In this way, it can easily judge the
person whenever consideration of strong evidence related the physical activity, high fatness
protect against the breast cancer. In this way, this type of breast cancer issue has been considered
as global problem which require for reducing this problem among people.
Table:1
In above table-1, it is mainly focused on the estimation of large population related the breast
cancer diseases. It has identified thet cancer causes about 1 in every 6 deaths worldwide more
than other AIDS, malaria and tuberculosos. Therefore, it is consider as second leadning causes of
dealth in global world. Through international agency, there are approximately 17 million of new
cancer cases addressed in 2018 and 65700 will happen in developing nations with low HDI, 2.6
million with high HDI nations (Key and Pike, 2017). These type of estimation does not include
non-melanoma skin cancer in which majority is not properly tracked by other cancer registries.
Apart from that considerations of human development index, these will help for
measuring the development and also considered which are not providing the proper standards of
living. But it would be required to understand the health as well as education (Nagata, 2010). It is
to be considered the important components in term of measurement by life expectancy. In order
to find out the score which will create a composite measure into different levels such as high,
medium and very high HDI.
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By 2030, The most global issue or burden is that when expected to grow approximately
27.5 million new cases occurs, there are 16.3 million cancer death simply happen whereas
largely growth and gaining of population (Key and Pike, 2017). If in case, it has been controlled
the new cancer cases and reduced the burden but require to apply the prevalence against the
issues. In order to consider an appropriate factor which automatically reduce the level of risk.
In 2018, it is the greatest number of new cancer issues identified in Eastern Asia so as
other countries taking follow-up on the basis of current situation or condition. Large number of
death rate will be examined in the eastern Asia approximately 3.4 million. Therefore, it is
reflecting the size of population and occurrence of cancer survivals (Nagata, 2010). In male
candidate, it has been diagnosed the cancer in two different way in which prostate, lung in very
high rate of HDI nations. On the other hand, in female there are two most commonly cancer
identified such as colorectum as well as breast. They have high rate of breast cancer and cervix
uteri in both low as well as medium HDI countries.
Approximately 23 out of 100 men and 19 out of 100 women face the global issue such as
develop cancer at age of 75. However, it is the most commonly diseases which directly affecting
on the health condition of individuals (Nagata, 2010). It also estimated the current probabilities
on the cancer which occurrence in the large population. This is considerable as individual risk
due to difference in exposure, genetic susceptibility and history. These are common sources
which has increased the most probability of cancer so as needs for people to estimate large
population, identifying certain risk due to breast cancer. The risk increases with age so that it can
easily estimate 70% of all cancer users within global world. Also diagnosed in people 40 years of
age (Key and Pike, 2017). At the time, they have high HDI countries which can easily compare
with medium as well as low HDI nations. It may arise the difference due to the younger age of
other developing nations. In this way, it is very important for dividing the categories on the basis
of high, low and medium HDI. This will help for clearly examine the certain aspects of cancer.
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Figure 1
There are large number of breast cancer survuival expressed as the percentage rate of people who
are alive a certain period of time. In this way, it is following the procedures to diagnoius cancer
at right time (Key and Pike, 2017). Otherwise, it will increase lot of complication. Sometimes, it
is not distinguish between the one to more patients who have no such remaining evidence of
cancer. So as require to help them which providing better treatment facilities and services.
Afterwards, within 5 years it useful for survival for monitoring and tracking their progress
against the breast cancer. It cannot be representing the certain propotion of individual who are
cured at right time because they do not occurred death when diagnois cancer before 5 years. In
additional, few survival provide the indication related their own experience of cancer within
large number of population. But it is very difficult to prognosis the individual person. The cancer
survival may be affected with different factors, it may include various type of cancer that
happen. At different stages, it is an essential for diagnosed with prevelance of screening,
detecting of services.
On the basis of figure-1, medical professional can be used the amenable to screening or
provide the better treatment such as female breast cancer. As per evidence, it has rapidly
increasing the survival rate between 2010 to 2014 in other nations such as Australia, US.
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Sometimes, it is also compared with Malaysia and there are lot of existence approximately 65%.
In 2004 to 2009, there are 64% among white people and 57% of black people which are facing
the issues of breast cancer (Key and Pike, 2017). For instances, they have not properly detect the
disease and not taking a proper effective treatment. In this way, it has increased the issues or
problem. Therefore, it autaomtically increases the death rate in global world. Nowadays, it is
most common issues seen in global world, there are various reseacher tried to develop the
medicine for reducing the issue or problem related breast cancer. In additional, it also identified
the difference in the screening, treatment whereas patient lives their life with cancer. In order to
increase the rate in day by day. On the other hand, it will be affected by disease awarness as well
as data quality.
On the basis of evidence, it has summarized that Breast cancer is the leading causes of
the death and disability among the women’s in the low- and middle-income countries. In this
way, it has found the majority of high mortality rates have there to continue lower that’s in most
of the high-income countries. In recently, it has already examined the developing countries tends
to have the limited level of resources and the use if there the different significant strategies in
order to have diagnosing the breast cancers (Nagata, 2010) . There are different government
agencies focus on the event or program which providing the awareness among people. In this
way, it help for giving the better option whereas individual can protect their lives. The cancer
program will always encouraging the adults, who will understand the critical situation and then
tried to avoid such type of problem. Moreover, medical professional will be providing the better
counseling’s when anyone participate to attend the session. Generally, it become important
aspects for identifying the problem (Key and Pike, 2017). According to facts or figure, it is
important to establish the connection with other clinician and alienates of the governments
agencies they have provided the proper translation of the respective guidelines in context of
improvement within program, strategies to support against breast cancer.
Option
It is necessary to have the determination of the basic level of frameworks and respective
treatments which is use in the developed countries to be difficultly implement in developing ones
by the application of the these in different environment and looking out to the changes which are
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feasible and valid at both levels. On the other hand, it is important to have the note at it that
resources in these developing countries are tends to be limited and it is imperative to have the
adopting the different effective practices quickly as possible along with designing the effective
implementation of limited resources in mind there are more indicators for the breast cancer
treatments along with survival in developing countries have nee ed to be monitored carefully
over different periods (Farhood, Geraily and Alizadeh, 2018). As the issues that the rapid level of
urbanization in the developing countries have the inflicted the major level of changes in the
disease patterns. In order to have the full level of understanding of the narrowing gap between
the developed and developing countries will be stated in the briefing reports. There have been
there noted the narrowing level of gaps in between the developed countries and developing ones
as the suggested level of inaccuracy can have deriving of the inapposite comparisons of the
respective mean ages.
The more level of reasonable approach in order to have the controlling of the breast cancer in
the term of the developing countries will be such as the proving the minilabs level of cancer
cares which will directly or indirectly will be helping out in the reduce mortality and suffering,
In the short term mammography have been the other experiences and technologically the
complicated resources and therapies will not be visible for there world warmness in order to
bring the all of the diagnostics and therapeutics with a proven impact on outcomes to these
women as soon as possible, there are ways closer at hand to improve the immediate outlook for
women in these settings (Chaurasia,and Pal, 2017). It has been noted as their early breast cancer
detection along with comprehensive cancer testaments have the palsying the synergies role in
facilitating the improved the breast cancer outcomes. There is the need to have the proving
there linkage among there clinician and alienates of the governments agencies along with
advocacy group have the proper translation of the respective guidelines in order to have the
improvement in the policy and practicing in significant manner.
Recommendation
The breast cancer issues in low middle-income countries or developing countries can be
improved through the practical level of interventions which are ore level of realistic and cost
effective. There is the importance to policy and procedure for the early breast cancer detections
and compressive treatments as it plays the synergistic roles in the improvising the breast cancer
outcomes. The most level of the fundamentals interventions epidemiology, sociology, economic
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disparities, public policy, environmental factors, cultural studies, etc (Pace and Shulman, 2016).
In addition to the future research should have the studying on the implementation strategies
which will be turning out as the guide for the health care systems reorganization in way of
assisting countries in order to have proving be motivation in improvement in breast cancer
outcome o the respective population.
There is need to have the improvement in the lifestyles along with which it have the inclusion of
the limiting alcohol consumption, maintenance of ideal body weight, regular physical activity,
and avoidance of postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy, can have an important impact
on breast cancer incidence. On the other survivals rate is considered to be the is hand the as the
riposte that’s tend to have the early level of detections will ne resisting in the significant
improvements in the descoping countries in syndication manner. there is the need to have the
education in term of breast cancer, advocacy around curability, and increased coverage of basic
healthcare including skilled breast physical examinations could produce improvement in survival
rates
CONCLUSION
From the above file it can be concluded as Global health initiative has tended in account the
medical and non-medical disciplinary’s which have the consisting of epidemiology, sociology,
economic disparities, public policy, environmental factors, cultural studies, etc. as considered to
the breast cancer in been identified as the global issues as having its existence in both developed
and developing countries (Omidiji and et.al.,2017). The developing countries are facing the
changing demographic which have their change all the emergence of the public health interest in
all the disease patterner, epidemiology and the treatments outcomes in order to have the
controlling strategies of cancer
As there is low level of survivals rate in the developing countries have the clear level of
statement stating that’s there is lack of early detection programmes which have been resulting in
the high proportions. The developing countries are facing the changing demographic which have
their change all the emergence of the public health interest in all the disease patterner,
epidemiology and the treatments outcomes in order to have the controlling strategies of cancer
There is the need for the special direction which is making the proper representation of the age
groups which have the requiring the special level of consideration in terms of the during the
screening the breast ungazing the symptomatic presentations. There have been there noted the
12

narrowing level of gaps in between the developed countries and developing ones as the
suggested level of inaccuracy can have deriving of the inapposite comparisons of the respective
mean ages. In addition to the future research should have the studying on the implementation
strategies which will be turning out as the guide for the health care systems reorganization in
way of assisting countries in order to have proving be motivation in improvement in breast
cancer outcome
13

REFERENCES
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72(4) pp.244-253.
Farhood, B., Geraily, G. and Alizadeh, A., 2018. Incidence and mortality of various cancers in
Iran and compare to other countries: a review article. Iranian journal of public health,
47(3), p.309.
Fernando, A., and et.al.,2018. Incidence trends and patterns of breast cancer in Sri Lanka: an
analysis of the national cancer database. BMC cancer, 18(1), p.482.
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and prevention of breast cancer. European Journal of Cancer and Clinical Oncology.
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Nagata, C., 2010. Factors to consider in the association between soy isoflavone intake and breast
cancer risk. Journal of epidemiology. 20(2). pp.83-89.
Omidiji, O.A and et.al.,2017. Breast cancer screening in a resource poor country: ultrasound
versus mammography. Ghana medical journal, 51(1). pp.6-12.
Pace, L.E. and Shulman, L.N., 2016. Breast cancer in sub-Saharan Africa: challenges and
opportunities to reduce mortality. The oncologist, 21(6). p.739.
Parks, R.M. and et.al.,2018. Breast cancer epidemiology. In Breast cancer management for
surgeons (pp. 19-29). Springer, Cham.
Rivera-Franco, M.M. and Leon-Rodriguez, E., 2018. Delays in breast cancer detection and
treatment in developing countries. Breast cancer: basic and clinical research, 12,
p.1178223417752677.
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Rojas, K. and Stuckey, A., 2016. Breast cancer epidemiology and risk factors. Clinical obstetrics
and gynecology, 59(4), pp.651-672.
Samantaray, S., and et.al.,2017. Utility of Tru-Cut Biopsy of Breast Lesions-An Experience in a
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Vanderpuye, V and et.al., 2017. An update on the management of breast cancer in Africa.
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