Global Health and Sustainability: Analyzing Environmental Factors

This report examines the critical relationship between global health and environmental sustainability, focusing on the impact of pollution and the importance of sustainable development goals. It highlights the current status of global pollution, including air and water pollution, and their detrimental effects on human health, such as respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. The report also discusses key considerations for reducing hazardous air pollutants and promoting gender equality as part of the sustainable development agenda. It emphasizes the need for countries to prioritize environmental protection to improve public health and achieve a more sustainable future, aligning with the United Nations' call to action for ending poverty, improving lives, and protecting the planet by 2030. The report concludes by advocating for comprehensive planning and collective efforts to address these interconnected challenges.

Global health and
sustainability

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................3
The purpose..................................................................................................................................3
Background..................................................................................................................................3
Current status...............................................................................................................................5
Key considerations.......................................................................................................................7
Options.......................................................................................................................................10
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................11
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................12
Books and journals:....................................................................................................................12

INTRODUCTION
Global health is defined is a goal of improving health of all people with the help of
reducing avoidable diseases, death and disabilities. Today's environment is becoming very
complex for every individual as it gets polluted which effects on the health of every individual
that is not good for them (Sachs and et.al, 2019). It is becoming very important for every
individual that they should take immediate action in order to stop degradation of environment. It
becomes necessary for countries to understand that healthy population is very important for
economic development. It is found that poor is people are mostly suffer from the health effects
due to environmental hazards exposures such as a water and air pollution. This is the reason that
United nation took an action by set up of sustainable development goals in 2015 with 17
important goals. It is a blueprint of achieving better and more sustainable future for all. The
owner of sustainable development goal is united nation and other communities. The target of
sustainable development goals is 2030 is found to be a universal call-to-action which helps to
end the poverty, improve lives and protect planet. This report will cover an issue which is taken
from 17th sustainable development goals in a particular country.
MAIN BODY
The purpose
“To protect the environment in order to improve the health of people”
Background
The sustainable development goals are found to be the collection of 17 global goals
which is a blueprint in order to achieve a better and sustainable future for all. It is founded
United nation general assembly was setup sustainable development goals in 2015 which they
want to achieve by year 2030. This report focuses on gender equality which is the 5th sustainable
goal. The sustainable development goal looks to a policy in which they are focusing on
empowering women and gender equality (Vinuesa and et.al., 2020). It is found that sustainable
development goal is also known as global goals which replaced in 2001 as a millennium
development goals. It only covered developing countries but the new goals now applied to
advanced economy such as UK. Each country has a deadline 2030 in order to achieve sustainable

development goals and they have to report that how they are performing for accomplishment of
this goal. The main objective of these goals is to improve prosperity, peace, access to education
and healthcare and tackle all the climate change worldwide. The UK Government on 26 June
published a report in which they implement the sustainable development goals. There are 17
goals which associated with 169 associated targets for all country for the purpose of human
development (Naidoo and Fisher, 2020). It is found that sustainable development goals can be
achieved only with the assistance of proper planning. Gender equality is very important and
that's why this goal is formulated by United nation. Sustainable development only can possible
when a person meet with the needs. It is found that the target of gender equality is ending all the
forms of discrimination which are going on against girls and women everywhere. In addition to
this, it eliminates all the forms of violence which are facing by girls and women in private and
public affairs including sexual and trafficking and also other types of exploitation. It is also
concerned with elimination of all harmful practices which forced females for marriages or any
other reason. The sustainable goal is enhancing the use of Technology so that they can promote
empowerment of women.
It is important to note that sustainability plays a vital role in success of a nation. It is
important to treat each and every person equally and do not discriminate them on any basis. In
United Kingdom is they have set two goal of gender equality and follow the same in an effective
manner. That at each and every level it is necessary to treat people equally. In United kingdom’s
they understand the importance of equality. It is not just and word but a concept that supports
sustainable development of the nation (Di Baldassarre and et.al., 2019). It is necessary to
understand the people that live full stop by treating them in an equal manner will be provided to
them and they will able to grab them. There is need to spread awareness about gender equality in
the nation. No doubt people are now well educated but still there are gaps seemed and that cause
various issues. It is time to change the concept and bring equality. By starting various programs
the government has took actions in the favour of their goal that is gender equality. By launching
various programs and movements they are able to attain equality. It is seen that there are laws
formulated by government that support gender equality. It is important for the people to
understand and follow the same. Along with that it is seen that in organisations the equality is
focused at almost priority. Each and every person that is working in the organisation is given
equal rights so that they are able to feel productively. By providing them equality they are

motivated towards work and able to complete it in an effective manner. It is also necessary for
the organisation to provide equality at healthcare services. It is seen that all the people that are
suffering from disease need the same treatment. They must not be discriminated on any basis
specially gender. It is right time to walk towards the goal and make efforts to achieve the goals
set by government (Boogaard and et. al., 2019).
Current status
While taking the contrast of pollution, it is identified that the world largest environmental
risk is originated as a global health burden in the form of pollution. This is also responsible for
the cause of disease and premature death the outdoor and indoor pollution usually both
contributed towards the global health. As per this, it is also identified that the emission from the
transport, industry, power, generation, and agriculture processes effect the both cities and the
rural areas. Moreover, according to the World health organisation, it is estimated that 9 out of 10
people are usually face the situation of polluted air water and so on. In this, within the home, 3
billion people are facing the risk of indoor pollution from the use of unclean fuels and
technologies for cooking such as heating and other problem which is associated with the health
(Hystad and et. al., 2020).
In this, various common pollutant is harmful for the health and increase the condition of
premature death. The outdoor particulate matter creates a complex mixture of solid and liquid
particles in the suspended air which shows the particular concern and develop the risk of health
due to the poor quality of air and water. In this, the rising cases of disease which is associated
with the respiratory system is often connected with the today's environment which is
continuously polluted due to the various reasons which is above stated (Hossain and et. al.,
2019).
The first point of contact with inhaled pollutants is uniquely vulnerable but the pollution
which is associated with the air also affect the cardiovascular system and other body of organ
and create the condition of disease. In this, the various studies regard with health and for the
better health outcomes, they uncover polishable biological mechanism for this effect. Moreover,
the impact of pollution related with the air on quality of life and the impact of climate change on
the air pollution. The major drawback that creates the condition which is not favourable for the
different cities or the countries which may create the issues of global health and act as a global

burden due to the air pollution, water pollution, and rising cases of death due to the various
respiratory health issues (Anenberg and et. al., 2020).
The current definition of pollution related to the air water are mainly resulted from the
human activity and it is a complex mixture of solid, liquid, and gas particle from both outdoor
and indoor sources. Usually, the outdoor sources include the combustion of fossil fuels, road
traffic, and industries which release various gases can create the condition of pollution. The
indoor sources are also included fuels such as biomass, kerosene, used for the cooking heating
and lighting. These all are the current definition associated with the pollution. The environment
is usually harm due to the release of gaseous factor in the form of vapour which have ability to
deplete the ozone layer and cause various skin related issues. As per this, the factor also creates
the condition of global warming due to the rise rate of pollution within the cities or countries.
Moreover, the indoor sources of volatile organic compound include construction material, paints,
glue, heating appliances, tobacco smoke and other cleaning products is also associated and the
form of pollution. The pollution can also rise from the natural sources such as dust pollen and
wildfires. Moreover, the air pollution is defined as a mixture of solid, liquid, and gas particle
which is usually suspended in the air and may include other component majorly ozone, nitrogen
oxide, carbon monoxide, and sulphur dioxide and other biological material which is not
recognised. But they are suspended in the air and create the respiratory diseases with the various
peoples (Hoffmann and et. al., 2019).
The global burden of pollution is recognised due to increase in the population and the
resources which can lead to create the overuse of transport, personal vehicle, and other man
power sources that generate more issues among with the environment. The outdoor and indoor
air pollution cause and estimation of 7 million premature death and each year. They usually
include 6 lakh death per year with the inclusion of children under 5 years of age and older
people. Outside the houses combustion of fossil fuels usually generate a complex array of
pollution that focus on matter such as nitrogen dioxide, sulphur dioxide and carbon monoxide.
These matters are reacted with the air in order to formulate a secondary pollutant such as ground
level ozone. While taking the contrast of data, then it is identified that in 2016, 91% of the global
population lived in places that did not meet the World health organisation air quality guidelines
level for the particulate matter. Moreover, it will be rises more than 50% lived in cities with at

least 2.5 times the recommended level of fine particulate matters the latest air quality data from
the hundred countries is received that's showing the destruction of environment as per the World
health organisation interactive map (Sun and et. al., 2020).
The effect of outdoor and indoor air pollution on the health of human being has a wide
range that may create a critical situation. The inhalation of airborne pollutants usually damages
the tract which is associated with the respiration reduce the function of long and enhance acute
and chronic respiratory diseases. In this, cardiovascular disease is a major disease which is occur
due to the pollution. Moreover, that 25% of premature death is associated with the pollution are
respiratory in nature. The environment faces critical issues or damage due to the human activity
which is in hands. As per the previous year, due to rise in population and using of resources in
the expressive way which lead to create the condition of global burden. In the recent year, there
are various evidence which shows the effect of inhaled pollutant on the central nervous system. It
also analysed the exposure towards the pollution has been associated with the cognitive and
psychomotor development in children. With this, the cognitive factors among the children are
gradually decreased and dementia is enhancing in the older peoples (Zhao and et. al., 2021).
Key considerations
Many trends are important and effective to reduce emission of hazardous air pollutants.
There are many significant step has been taken to dramatically reduce toxic air pollutants along
with providing health protection within world. This includes reduced in toxic emissions from
industrial sources and from vehicle and engine along with cleaning burning gasoline and have
focus on indoor air pollution through voluntary program.
There is need to reduce the use of personal vehicle which are creating water, air and noise
pollution constantly. Through reducing the personal vehicle for transportation and using of
public transport or sustainable medium can be highly effective and allowed to reduce the air,
water and noise pollution more effectively.
Using public transport is one of the effective trend that allows to reduce the risk of
omission which cause the pollution. Due to this, there is high energy reduction and consumption
of fuel which allowed to reduce the carbon emission worldwide.

Saying no to plastic bag is one of the effective trend which is highly effective and reduce
the harmful effect of plastic bags within environment because plastic bags are highly difficult to
decompose due to material made up of soil (Marris and et. al., 2020).
Using of Sustainable transportation medium can be highly effective and allow to
effectively reduce the risk of pollution. This is effective way and allow individual to participate
in reducing number of personal vehicle on the road which can have large participation in creating
air pollution through emission of carbon.
There is also negative health impact on people due to noise pollution. There are some of
the causes which can create noise pollution. This causes includes air traffic noise, traffic noise,
construction sites, animals, catering and nightlife, physical, psychological and behavioral
disorder. These are some of the causes which create noise pollution. There is also vital impact of
noise pollution which create hearing problem, physical problem, sleeping disorder,
cardiovascular issues, communication and and cognitive issues like behaviour changes. There is
need to take effective strategy and prevention plan that can help to reduce the pollution within
atmosphere and provide better health impact.
Air pollution is contamination of indoor and outdoor environment by physical, chemical
or biological agent that create natural characteristics of the atmosphere. There is a negative
impact of air pollution within worldwide which is estimated about 7 million people death due to
pollution. According to World Health Organization, about 99% of global population breath air
which have accepted the level of pollutants. According to WHO, guideline limit low and middle
income countries are highly suffering from the highest exposure of pollution. Developing
country are highly effective in creating pollution due to industrialization. They are boosting the
pollution within atmosphere which are global killer and affecting over 100 million people. There
are various measure has been taken through the developed country that create some action
regarding reducing the pollution. Air pollution have higher risk of the death that estimated about
20% is higher risk of lung cancer than the people who are living in less polluted area (Zhong and
et. al., 2017).
Global air pollution is measured heat generated by combustion of diesel fuel, fossil fuel,
natural gas and gasoline for heating, electric production, transportation along with industry. In
2014 fossil fuel represented about 92% of primary energy supply which created high level of

pollution within world. Air pollution affected by rate of combustion of cold and greenhouse
effect which is highly effective and create large number of pollution effect on world. There is a
fact that air pollution are highly created within the developing country which is due to
industrialization and higher consumption of fossil fuel for development. This is a highly effective
and create high level of pollution through them. The developed country should focus on air
pollution and should focus on better strategy implementation of high-level product and
machinery which can be highly effective and allow to reduce the pollution worldwide. There is
also need to take some effective measure and implement them strictly so that it can help to
reduce the air pollution and prevent human to get different type of disease due to intake of
polluted air (Wang and et. al., 2021).
From the research, it has been identified that air pollution contributes about 9% of death
globally and it varies from 2 % to 15% by country. Poor and middle class are effective from the
air pollution due to working in open atmosphere and deal with open surrounding. This create
negative impact on their health which leads to risk of life and death. There are large populations
who do their business in open atmosphere rather than performing in closed area or office. This
create high risk of getting polluted air as a breath and higher risk of getting negative health from
it. There is a new trend to use the air purifier for indoor air pollution. This is effective and can
help to purify air and rectify pollutants from the air through using today's technology. Many
people are adopting air purifier within their home and office which allowed to provide better air
that can help to reduce the risk of nasal congestion, headache, fatigue, nausea and dry eyes. This
is the technique which is effective and allowed to remove pollutants from air traffic and provide
fresh air to breathe. This can have the ability to reduce the risk of intake of pollutant air in body
and minimize and reduce the higher risk of getting any type of health-related issues (Dong and
et. al., 2019).
There are various type of population pollution which have risk of life that may includes
water pollution, air pollution, soil pollution, noise pollution, plastic pollution, light pollution,
thermal pollution and radioactive contamination that can hurt health of the large population
worldwide. There are other type of pollution like noise pollution, water pollution which are also
effective but due to having impact of air pollution that directly impact the individual health and
create a risk of life within few years. Water pollution is also effective because that create

numbers of death within worldwide. There is a need to consume good quality water that can be
highly effective for the human digestion but due to pollution in water create a negative health
impact and also has individual body over time (Raeissi and et. al., 2018) .
Different ways can be implemented to reduce the water pollution within present time. There is
need to reduce the use of chemical during cleaning any substance because this can be effectively
damage and create water pollution. There is also need to practice water conservation which is
effective idea and can provide individual good quality of water. Through avoiding the use of
pesticides and herbicides can be help to to reduce the water pollution and have to provide better
purity to the water (Mudu, 2018).
Options
There are various intervention and strategies are used by different governmental bodies in
order to reduce the enhancing cases of premature death due to the failure of respiration.
Moreover, the enhancing cases of respiratory diseases is observed due to the environment which
is completely damage with the aspect of pollution. There are various pros and cons are appearing
due to the increased rate of death and pollution. As per this, the government used to follow
various intervention and strategies to reduce the in-handling cases of death due to the pollution.
The government used to introduce policies and legislation to protect the environment and
promote healthy behaviour among the people (Wang and et. al., 2020).
It is also analysed that the private organisation also take participation and contribute
towards the development of environment. However, the government used to regulate laws and
legislation regarding with the planting of trees and developing areas for the forestation. The
plantation of tree is helpful to reduce the factor of carbon mono oxide and carbon dioxide
emission. It is also helpful to promote oxygen in the appropriate way which can provide a better
oxygen for the respiration. The health of the people is gradually downward due to the pollution.
But, with the help of government intervention and action plan the oxygen generated and people
face some relaxation. In this, government and private organisation also requested towards the
people to maintain the environment by planting of trees and reducing the use of personal vehicle
and follow the transportation vehicle which is used for the transport. Moreover, the less vehicle
can reduce some amount of pollution due to lack of emission of fuels and planting of trees is also
act as a helpful approach to reduce the effect of carbon mono oxide and carbon dioxide and

provide oxygen. It is helpful for the breathing and continuing the process of respiration which is
appropriate for the better health outcomes (Kim and et. al., 2018).
In this, there are various disadvantage with the air pollution that show the contamination
of the natural air by mixing it with different pollutant such as harmful fumes and chemicals. The
water pollution is also showing the contamination of water which include bacterial, chemical,
and particulate that reduce the purity of water. Moreover, the soil pollution is also known as land
pollution which indicate the contamination of soil or the land that given the growth of natural
life. It includes land uses for irrigation wildlife as well as habitation. These all are the sources of
pollution which affect the environment in their own way. Moreover, as per the current situation,
the radioactive pollution is also dangerous form of pollution which can create various mental
health issues and cardiovascular issues that result in death (Hernando-Amado and et. al., 2019).
CONCLUSION
From above discussion, it can be concluded that pollution is global health issue creating
high negative impact on individuals health. This include air pollution, water pollution, noise
pollution which are highly effective within worldwide. In this, there is need to take some
prevention that can allow to minimize and reduce the risk of pollution worldwide. Air pollution
one of the most increased pollution worldwide that is effective and creating huge negative impact
on individual health. There are various ways to reduce the air pollution which includes reducing
number of a personal vehicle, using of sustainable transportation medium and different strategies
which can be effective to reduce the emission of carbon in the atmosphere. There is huge number
of death due to pollution which lead to matter of worry. In this report, there is a discussion about
the global health which is creating negative health impact on large population. This report also
includes the purpose and summary of the background about pollution and its negative impact on
global health. There is also discussion about the current status and key consideration of air
pollution which is highly effective and enable to create huge impact on global health. There is
also discussion about options which are available to reduce the pollution.

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