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Impact of Customs Duty on International Trade

   

Added on  2019-09-30

37 Pages14932 Words164 Views
Business DevelopmentFinanceLeadership ManagementLanguages and CulturePhilosophyEnvironmental ScienceEconomicsPolitical Science
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GLOBAL LOGISTIC
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TABLE OF CONTENTSCHAPTER 1: INTERNATIONAL TRADE...................................................................................11. Meaning of primary logistic function in supply chain and how they are interconnected witheach other.....................................................................................................................................12. Identifying different additional complexities that are being introduced in the internationalsupply chain.................................................................................................................................13. Assessing different current issues affecting the international logistic.....................................24. Identifying different leading theories of international trade....................................................25. Assessing the country that account for share and growth of world trade................................36. Identifying political, technological and economic development that has played effective rolein the overall growth of international trade.................................................................................47. What are the drivers that lead the firm with regard to start operation in international market?.....................................................................................................................................................48. Is there is a significance of culture in global business.............................................................5CHAPTER 2 AND 3: INTERNATIONAL SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT.........................69. Assessing key elements, touchpoints, risks and partners in international supply chain..........610. What things are required with an aim to build infrastructure for global trade......................611. Assessing additional risks faced in international trade in comparison to domestic trade.....712. Assessing the issues that need to be considered by the logistic manager and what tacticshould be used with an aim to mitigate the risk...........................................................................7CHAPTER 4 – INTERNATIONAL METHODS OF ENTRY.......................................................813 Ways to get an entry in the international market....................................................................814. Factors that affect a firm’s choice of international market entry as well as go to marketstrategy and a major element of successful market entry strategy..............................................915. Assessing benefits and risks associated with international market entry and go to marketstrategy.........................................................................................................................................9
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CHAPTER 5 – INTERNATIONAL CONTRACTS.....................................................................1016. Complexities in international contract vs. domestic contract..............................................1017. The typical element related to a foreign distribution contract.............................................1118. Ways in which country engaged in foreign sales activity...................................................12CHAPTER 6 – TERMS OF TRADE OR INCOTERMS RULES................................................1219. Terms for the sale for international orders..........................................................................1220. Meaning of Incoterms and how responsibilities of exporter and importer can be addressed...................................................................................................................................................13CHAPTER 7 – TERMS OF PAYMENT......................................................................................1321. The typical form of international payment..........................................................................13Dharmadhikari, S., & Krishnamoorthy, G. (2019).U.S. Patent Application No. 10/198,766......1422. Risk related to international payment process.....................................................................14Lynch, H. F., Gelinas, L., & Largent, E. A. (2018). Mutual obligations in research andwithholding payment from deceptive participants.The American Journal of Bioethics,18(4), 85-87.1523. How export documentary collection and letter of credit transaction are completed?.........15Soto, G., Tamblay, S., Herrera, J. C., & Guimpert, I. (2018).Social Cost Benefit Analysis forPre-Payment Bus Stops: An Application in Transantiago(No. 18-05500)...................................1524. How the choice of payment terms offers a competitive advantage to the seller?................15Beck, T., Pamuk, H., Ramrattan, R., & Uras, B. R. (2018). Payment instruments, finance anddevelopment.Journal of Development Economics,133, 162-186................................................16CHAPTER 8 - MANAGING TRANSACTIONS RISK...............................................................1625. How do countries operate with different currency pose risk in the international transaction?...................................................................................................................................................16Hopkin, P. (2018).Fundamentals of risk management: understanding, evaluating andimplementing effective risk management. Kogan Page Publishers................................................1626. Working process of currency exchange rate........................................................................16
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Pereira, P., Silva, E. S., & Pereira, A. (2018). Operational risk management: the basel II.TheInternational Journal of Business Management and Technology,2.............................................1727. Ways to mitigate currency risk in the international transaction..........................................17Srinivasan, S., & Kamalakannan, T. (2018). Multi criteria decision making in financial riskmanagement with a multi-objective genetic algorithm.Computational Economics,52(2), 443-457.18CHAPTERS 9 AND 10 – INTERNATIONAL COMMERCIALDOCUMENTS/INTERNATIONAL INSURANCE.....................................................................1828. Paperwork in international transaction vs. domestic transaction.........................................1829. Documents needed in export and import transaction..........................................................1830. Purpose of US Export administration Regulation and unique requirement it contains.......1931. Why international insurance is complex?............................................................................1932. Risk related to international transaction and strategies to mitigate them............................20CHAPTERS 11 AND 12 – INTERNATIONAL OCEAN TRANSPORT/INTERNATIONALAIR TRANSPORT........................................................................................................................2133. When logistic manager ships goods by ocean.....................................................................2134. Additional consideration related to ocean shipping.............................................................2135. Role of the International Maritime Organization................................................................2236. Types of international air services.......................................................................................2237. Advantages and disadvantage of air shipments...................................................................2338. Purpose of the International Air Transport Association......................................................2439. International regulation for air freight.................................................................................24CHAPTERS 13 AND 14 – INTERMODAL LAND AND MULTIMODALTRANSPORT/PACKAGING FOR EXPORT..............................................................................2540. Types of transportation arrangement apart from ocean and air...........................................2541. Things to be considered by the international logistic manager when using all these meansof transportation.........................................................................................................................26
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42. Why export packaging is a consideration for international transportation?........................2643. Different type of packaging.................................................................................................2744. Commercial risk of sloppy packaging.................................................................................27CHAPTERS 15, 16, AND 17 – INTERNATIONAL WAREHOUSES AND DISTRIBUTIONCENTERS/INTERNATIONAL LOGISTICS SECURITY/CUSTOMS CLEARANCE.............2845. Purpose of country’s custom authority................................................................................2846. Role of world’s custom organization...................................................................................2947. Meaning of duty and how it is calculated............................................................................2948. Customs clearance process for the goods imported into the US.........................................3049. Non-tariff international trade barriers..................................................................................3150. What is C-TPAT?................................................................................................................31
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CHAPTER 1: INTERNATIONAL TRADE1. Meaning of primary logistic function in supply chain and how they are interconnected witheach other. The primary logistics in the supply chain are order processing, inventory management,warehousing, and transportation etc. These all given functions are interrelated with each other.For example, in the order processing function, the manager of the firm will get an order inrelation to the specific material. However, with the help of inventory management, the managerwill get an idea that whether it will have sufficient material with an aim to meet the needs anddemands of its respective buyers. On the other hand, with the help of the transportation facility,the ordered material can be delivered by the firm to its respective customers. Thus, it is throughthis way only firm will enhance the satisfaction level of its respective buyers by using its supplychain operation (Kwak and et.al., 2018). In addition to this, these primary functions interface inthe overall business strategy of the corporation. For example, if a firm has the strategy to meetthe demands of its buyers and maintain their satisfaction level. Thus, the given thing can beaccomplished with the help of these all functions. This is because by using these functionsmanager of a firm can track its material and it can assure that it will deliver the order within aspecific time.Kwak, D. W., Rodrigues, V. S., Mason, R., Pettit, S., & Beresford, A. (2018). Risk interactionidentification in international supply chain logistics: Developing a holisticmodel.International Journal of Operations & Production Management,38(2), 372-389.2. Identifying different additional complexities that are being introduced in the internationalsupply chain The international supply chain is more complex than the domestic supply chainoperation. This is because; the international supply chain has greater time and distance differencein comparison to the domestic supply chain. Herein, it is examined that additional costs that areassociated with transportation, inventory and local taxes are being regarded as one of the mostmajor complexity that is being related to the international supply chain operation. This is becausethe given thing will tend to increase the overall cost of the offered product. Further, this thingwill also have an impact on the pricing strategy that is being set by the company in theinternational market (Fernie & Sparks, 2018). In addition to this, cultural difference and foreign1
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government regulations are another complexity that is being related to the international supplychain. These factors affect a company’s decision of taking orders, organizing warehouse andplans distribution. Thus, due to this firm overall time of delivering the good at the specific placein the international market will be increased. The given thing will also increase the cost of thefirm. It is because of given reason only it is required by the manager of a firm that it should makeefforts in terms of managing these complexities in its international supply chain. Fernie, J., & Sparks, L. (Eds.). (2018).Logistics and retail management: emerging issues andnew challenges in the retail supply chain. Kogan page publishers.3. Assessing different current issues affecting the international logisticThese are all depicted below:Rising fuel cost: The rising fuel price all over the world is causing a direct impact ontransportation cost. For example, rising fuel prices are escalating the surcharge rates thatwill be later added on to freight rate. The given thing is also affecting the pricing decisionof the company and forcing them to charge high prices on the offered product.Environmental issues: At present, there are many nations that are making efforts in termsof protecting their environment with the use of eco-friendly emission. Thus, the giventhing is affecting the whole transportation facility of the company in the internationalmarket (Kshetri, 2018). However, if the firm will not make changes then in this situationit will become very difficult for it with regard to run its operation in the specific market.Driver shortages: Due to lower pay rates and a high level of stress it is very difficult tofind the drivers for the international supply chain operation. Kshetri, N. (2018). 1 Blockchain’s roles in meeting key supply chain managementobjectives.International Journal of Information Management,39, 80-89.4. Identifying different leading theories of international tradeThese all are depicted below:Theory of absolute advantage: It is the type of advantage that is being gained by onecountry from another. For example, here one country possesses the ability to producegoods with the specific resources at limited cost. Similarly, if the same resources will be2
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given to another country then in this situation they will not be able to produce goods at alimited cost. Thus, if some kind of trade will happen in such a country then in thiscondition the country that is in fault can gain absolute advantage from another country. Heckcher-Ohlin model theory: It is basically a type of mathematical model. Here, thegiven theory states that a country will always have a competitive advantage in thosegoods that are easily available in the nation (Perry, Fernie & Woods, 2018). For example,some country will have a sufficient amount of land and capital but does not possessenough labor. Then in this situation, such a nation should not opt for labor-intensiveproduction. This is because, if they will do then the given thing will prove as a verycostly affair for them. Thus, these theories guide in the decision-making process of thecompany. Perry, P., Fernie, J., & Woods, S. (2018). The international fashion supply chain and corporatesocial responsibility.5. Assessing the country that account for share and growth of world trade International trade is being regarded as the practices of selling the goods and services ofthe company across the national border. Herein, there are some countries identified that areworking very well in the international market (Kraude and et.al., 2018). European Unionpossesses the first position in terms of international trade. In accordance with the given context,on the basis of the analysis, it is identified that the country has around 42065 billion USD of totalinternational trade of goods and services. On the other hand, the United States comes under thesecond position and it has around 5200 billion USD of total international trade of goods andservices. In a similar way, with the 4921 billion USD of total international trade of goods andservices, the country China resides in the third position. Thus, the given thing will also give anindication of the power or the presence of the respective country in the international platform inan effectual way. Kraude, R., Narayanan, S., Talluri, S., Singh, P., & Kajiwara, T. (2018). Cultural Challenges inMitigating International Supply Chain Disruptions.IEEE Engineering ManagementReview,46(1), 98-105.3
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