Sustainable Development Goals: A Review

This assignment examines the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly emphasizing Goal 3 for good health and well-being, Goal 4 for quality education, and their intersection with disability inclusion. It analyzes global mortality trends, investigates the role of education in achieving SDGs, and explores the implications of these goals for non-governmental organizations in both developed and developing countries. The review draws on various sources, including research articles, policy documents, and reports from organizations like UNESCO and the World Health Organization.

Running head: GLOBAL SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS (SDGs)
GLOBAL SDGS FOR DISABILITY INCLUSIVE DEVELOPMENT
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Author note

1GLOBAL SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS (SDGs)
Table of Contents
Introduction..........................................................................................................................2
Human rights, Sustainable Development and disability inclusive development.................4
SDGs support to Disability inclusive development in all the countries..............................5
Implication of SDGs for government in developed and developing countries...................6
Implication of SDGs for non-governmental organization in developed and developing
countries...........................................................................................................................................6
Implication for stakeholders................................................................................................7
Assessment method to make these goals possible to achieve..............................................8
The needs of disability data gathering.................................................................................9
Laws that need to be changed around the world for disabled............................................10
Pros and cons about human right based approach in the disability inclusive development
.......................................................................................................................................................10
Suggestions to achieve SDG by 2030................................................................................11
Conclusion.........................................................................................................................12
References..........................................................................................................................13

2GLOBAL SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS (SDGs)
Introduction
The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), which is officially termed as Transforming
out world: the 2030 agenda for sustainable development consists 17 different global goals
targeting 169 factors the world is suffering from. The United Nations commanded these goals
through a process that involves 193 member states and the global civil society. These goals are
placed in the para 54 of the United Nation Regulations A/RES/70/1 of 25 September 2015 [1].
This SDG is built on the values of resolution A/RES/66/288 that is termed as “The future we
want” and is a nonbinding article, a result of Rio+20 meeting happened in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
in 2012. After the historic success of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), the United
Nation wanted to propose a plan worldwide that has the ability to change the bottom line needs
of the human wellbeing and people could avail the basic needs for their living without any
problem [2]. Therefore, the urge for such goals lead them to construct a SGD that has the ability
to change the entire world. The framework for this purpose started on 19 July 2014 when the
Open Working Group (OWG) advanced the proposal of SDG to the UN General Assembly
(UNGA). The UNGA, on December 5, 2014 accepted the report of secretary general that stated
the SDG goals would be based on the proposal of the OWG. Finally, In the SDG summit held on
September 25 to 27, 2015 in New York, USA these goals were accepted for the future [3].
Disability Inclusion Development is a part of UN SDGs proposed to create a better world
altogether. 15 percent of the world population, which is nearly one billion, is suffering from any
kind of disability and such occurrence is higher for developing countries than the developed
ones. It is a fact that person with disability, throughout the world, has to suffer more in every
case than the person without disability does [4]. These suffering may include, less education, less
healthcare opportunities, less employment and higher rates of poverty. The poverty alone can

3GLOBAL SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS (SDGs)
increase the rate of disability through malnutrition, which is the prime reason for mental
disability of children worldwide. Further, it increases the chance of less educational and work
related opportunities, polluted and unhygienic conditions and the prime reason is their bottom
line needs to achieve a respectful living for them, which is food, education and employment.
Inclusion of disabled person to the mainstream and expanding windows for equal opportunities is
the prime goal for the sustainable development goals 2030 that focuses on the basic needs for the
world population [5]. Therefore, it is the responsibility of the world population, who are blessed
to have everything in their life, to share a bit with these needy people. Inclusion of disability in
the sustainable development goal 2030 is of importance because there were no goals mentioned
for the disabled people in the MDGs and due to which such people were feeling left out of the
global agendas. However, adding them in the UN agenda is not going to help these people, it
needs proper vigilance and tracking as they are not always given the respect and right they
deserve [6].
This critical analysis of the UNGA Resolution A/RES/70/1 Transforming our World: the
2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development is going to discuss the different issues regarding
disability and disability inclusion mentioned in the SDGs. the number of goals for disability is
linked with SDGs, their link with human rights and their proper details are going to be discussed.
How these goals support the inclusion and development in all the countries for people with
disability will be discussed. Strength, shortcomings and inadequacy of these goals for
implication in developed and developing countries by different governmental and non-
governmental organizations are going to be analyzed critically. Steps that can be used to achieve
these goals and the ways by which the developed countries are collecting data and measurement
are going to be discussed. different process of data gathering and measurement and evaluation

4GLOBAL SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS (SDGs)
for disability inclusive development is going to be discussed and its importance in the
implication will be analyzed. Implication of these SDG goals in developed and developing
countries needs changes in few existing laws and policies. This report is going to discuss the
laws that need to be changed to implement the SDGs for disabled people. Finally, a suggestion
will be provided to achieve the SDG 2030, with discussion about the pros and cons of the human
right based approach of Disability inclusive development.
Human rights, Sustainable Development and disability inclusive development
Human rights is an integral part of the 2030 SDGs. the millennium development goals
were proposed for the developed countries only and therefore, so many issues related to human
rights were neglected in those development goals. However, the SDGs proposed in 2015 general
assembly unequivocally anchored in human rights. while the range of MDGs were narrow and
included a set of economic and social issues, the SDG included 17 goals and 169 targets
covering an array of issues that puts out different human right issues in an open platform [7]. As
an example, the topic that SDG addresses are availability, quality affordability and accessibility
of education, water, sanitation, health and many more issues that is an integral part of the human
rights for years. Therefore, it is quite evident that SDG is human right based.
Unlike the MDGs, the SDGs are very vocal about the basal level needs of people with
disability and talks about their basic human rights. It can be evident from the fact that, eleven
times the SDGs mentions ‘person with disabilities’ or disability in the 2030 agenda. Not only the
physical disability, the SDGs expresses its concern about mental disability as well and mentions
the vulnerability in persons more than six times [8]. The SDGs that mentions the disability
inclusive development directly are-

5GLOBAL SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS (SDGs)
 Goal 4 which discusses about building equal, accessible and guaranteed education
for every children by creating inclusive environment for learning. it also mentions
to provide the assistance, disabled people needed to thrive.
 Goal 8, which discusses about the equal economic growth and providing equal
opportunity and access to disabled person in job market.
 The goal 10 sets the parameter and discusses about emphasizing the political,
social and economic inclusion of disabled people.
 The goal 11 discusses about creating equal condition for disabled people for
living, travel, and other topics by creating cities with accessible water resources.
For travel, the transport has to be sustainable to provide safe, accessible and green
public space.
 Finally, the goal 17, that defines the importance of data collection and monitoring
of the SDGs and emphasizes on the Disability disaggregated data [9].
SDGs support to Disability inclusive development in all the countries
SDGs five goals are directly inclusive of people with disability and is proposed to
implement the goals for the betterment of these people. Partner countries are trying their best to
implement these goals and one such process is application of Washington group questions that
helps to gather the data about disability. It is a set of six questions, which can help to gather the
information about people with disability. Almost 50 countries has included these questions in
their consensus questions and are getting positive results [10]. Other countries have their internal
methods to implement these goals in their territory.

6GLOBAL SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS (SDGs)
Implication of SDGs for government in developed and developing countries
The sustainable development goals were difficult to implement in so many countries as
these new goals needed to be implemented only after making some changes in the current
policies. Governments of those countries, who were to adapt to the SDG indicators, targets and
goals had to implement changes in their existing laws and their national situations. Countries has
set up different groups to follow up the process of implementation of SDG in their territory. The
strength of this process is the honest moves that are implemented to include the disabled people
in the mainstream [11]. Governments are changing their policies for education, food and shelter,
employment and providing the disabled with equal rights for all these basic needs for their
sustainable development. nearly one third of the 58 million out-of-school students are disabled
hence, such countries are applying the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities
(CRPD), according to which, mental and psychological disability also need to be provided with
all the help physically disabled person is provided with [12]. Further, for the governments,
disability is not only about physical or mental disability, disability is concerned in case of gender
inequality; food; hunger; poverty and disability to live like a middleclass able person. Hence,
governments are applying the amendments of CRPD and trying to make possible changes in their
legislative system to smoothly operate the rules.
Implication of SDGs for non-governmental organization in developed and developing
countries
The role of Non-governmental organizations in implication of sustainable development
goals are very important as they work as a system to review the laws, the government is
preparing. disability, as it is previously discussed can be of many types, disability to eat, stay
healthy, disability to educate and employment, is as adverse as the physical and mental disability

7GLOBAL SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS (SDGs)
[13]. Furthermore, it is evident that these social conditions are one of the reasons for the
disability the world is facing. Non-governmental organization plays very important role as they
help the community with all their basic needs such as medication, diagnosis, basic education and
many more. As the timeframe and pace of achieving the goals are different for developed and
developing countries, only private sector has the ability to bring strength and capacity to those
countries to implement the SDGs for disabled inclusive development [14]. The strength of these
non-governmental organizations are they are attached with several national and international
organizations, hence in case of any problem or corruption, the organization can raise its voice
internationally to protect the rights of disabled. However, the weakness is their ‘less power’
compared to the governmental organization.
Implication for stakeholders
The role of stakeholders is very important to implement the proposed amendments in
order to comply with the sustainable development goals proposed as goal 2030. The proper
meaning of disability inclusive development is that every disabled person will be provided with
the equal opportunities for education, work, healthcare justice and protection. The government
will perform its duty by amending new policies and laws to support the disabled, whereas the
non-governmental organization will help by raising their voices and amending those laws on
their own. Finally, it is the duty of the stakeholders to implement the changes. People with
disability, healthcare professionals, caregivers and education and health service providers are the
one who can bring change to implement the SDGs in society [15]. They can participate in the
formation and implementation phase of law, which is non-discriminating and equal. They need
to be vocal about their own rights and should demand their basic needs rightfully. The prime
strength of such stakeholders are their unity, which help them to strengthening governance.

8GLOBAL SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS (SDGs)
However, the weakness in inability to bring such stake holders together. Stakeholders are a part
of society and if the SDGs were affecting their own life, they would not be able to support that.
secondly, as the developing countries like India and Bangladesh are living with such situations
for many years, the prime stakeholders are not been able to connect to the SDGs for their
betterment and feeling left out. Hence, absence of strong will power to make changes in their
own life is another weakness [16]. Several developed countries has started implementing new
policies to comply with SDGs. India, for example, has allotted 10 to 15 percent of its annual
budget for the welfare of disabled. The government of India has increased the reservation rate of
disables in education and employment field and has started new transport systems for the travel
convenience of the disabled person [17].
Assessment method to make these goals possible to achieve
For developing countries, it is very important to assess the implemented policies to apply
SDGs for disability inclusive development. Implementation of new policies and amending those
in the workforce is important step to include the disabled in the mainstream population.
However, the amount of services they are achieving or the rules are properly helping them or not
can only be known after a proper evaluation is carried out. Choosing a particular data collection
method can be tricky as collection method depends upon the information needed to evaluate
[18]. Using existing data will be useful for situation analysis or initial project design. Rapid
assessment for disability (RAD) is one of the major tools that is used to estimate the presence of
disabled person in a pool of population. Further, it helps to create a baseline study among adults,
to support the design, implementation and evaluation of the project. This assessment method
consist of a set of quantitative questionnaires that is either household or individual surveys.

9GLOBAL SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS (SDGs)
Several countries has also included the Washington group short questions in their survey to
assess the disability inclusive development in their country [19].
The data gathering and measurement tools, developed countries use are population
census, sample survey and administrative collections and registries. The advantages of using
these techniques to collect the data are its availability. The data in this process can be tabulated
for small geographical areas as the target population at risk are generally colonized in such
places. The data measurement tools are chosen according to the data collection tool, for example
if the collection tools are individual specific, then the data measurement tool should be
individual as well [20].
The needs of disability data gathering
 Around 15 percent of the world population is living with disability (1 billion). 80
percent of these disabled person lives in developing countries, in which 22
percent are in poorest communities. Hence, disability is present in every
developing program the SDG is working on [21].
 Despite of several progressive and developing projects for disabled people, they
are not been provided with the positive outcomes of these schemes. Hence,
measurement tools are important.
 To include the disabled in the mainstream, it is important to understand the
discrimination and politics they face on the ground level. Without the
understanding, it is ineffective to implement any development program or
disability inclusion strategy [22].
 Lack of data about disability prevalence often causes the exclusion of such people
from the developmental goals. Due to the lack of prevalence data, people with

10GLOBAL SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS (SDGs)
disability are underestimated, even in the official reports and statistics, which can
make disability inclusion, appear less of a priority.
Laws that need to be changed around the world for disabled
Every country has its own laws and policies that are implemented to provide the
population with justice. However, it is seen that disabled are always neglected in every countries.
Therefore, a common change in the law of those countries need to be amended to change the
scenario. The United Nations Convention on the Right of Person with Disability (CRPD) is a set
of rules or policies, which helps to bring a paradigm shift in the policies of the participating
nations [23]. This law generally focuses on the educational, food and employment aspect of
living and focuses on securing these basic needs in their life.
Pros and cons about human right based approach in the disability inclusive development
Despite of the fact that Human rights helps to strengthen the voice of people and help
them to get their rights, there is a negative side of it as well. To successfully implement the
sustainable development goals for disabled inclusive development by 2030, human rights are a
very important way. The pros and cons of human rights for the advocacy of disabled are
mentioned below:
In developed countries, where the nation is struggling for its political grounds, mass
population issues, it is difficult for the disables to raise their voice for their own rights. Human
rights lays a major role in this case and help those people with justice by providing them with the
basic needs of their life [24]. On the other hand, the cons of human rights are for the poor
developing countries, where not only disabled but also the entire community is struggling for

11GLOBAL SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS (SDGs)
their rights. In such situation, if the nation is concerned about only disables and neglects others,
that will be unethical as well.
Suggestions to achieve SDG by 2030
The developed countries are setting up benchmarks to implement the SDGs for the
improvement of disabled in their country. They are doing their best to improve the quality
education, employment, reduced inequality and to create sustainable cities and colonies to let
these people live their normal life [25]. The developed countries has focused three aspects of
disability and are working on it. These are – disability due to age, disability due to disease and
mental disability. Several old age homes and intervention centers have been created to help
people with age related disability. To overcome the mental disability, people medication system
has been issued to the local governments. Finally, to improve the disease related issues, public
hospitals are instructed to provide the disables with free quality healthcare [26].
Few suggestions that need to amend by the developing countries to achieve the SDG by
2030 are:
 All the countries should create a disability exert group. The prime role of this
group will be to ensure the inclusion of policies for disabled in every key
initiatives or schemes.
 The countries should focus on creating guidelines to include the disabled from all
over the nation so that, they can avail the benefits.
 Like developed countries, developing countries should also empower the officials
to carry out census or data collection regarding the disabled. a consensus need to
be built to apply this model throughout the state.

12GLOBAL SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS (SDGs)
 Governments should focus on secondary aspects that can lead to disability such as
poverty, sanitation, health education. This will help to change the mindset of the
population.
Conclusion
The world always bears a negligence attitude against the disabled people. During the
millennium development goals or MDG, not a single development goal was mentioned to help
the people with disability or for their betterment in future. Furthermore, on September 25 2015, a
common development goal was set by the UNGA for 2030. This sustainable development goal
finally focuses on the need of the disabled and dedicated five goals that includes the basic needs
of these people and urge the nations to take pledge for their development. Goal 4, 8, 10, 11 and
17 was vocal about the different basic need of disabled such as food, shelter, education
employment and security. In many countries, it is difficult for disabled to communicate or thrive
inside a community where everybody is ‘normal’. In this situation, SDG and its associated
human rights are the only way to let them avail their rights. Therefore, the developed and
developing countries should utilize their governmental and non-governmental institutions to help
the people in need. In this discussion, the implications regarding the SDGs for developed and
developing countries has been mentioned with their pros and cons. the process by which the
developed countries collect the data and measure the disability has been mentioned with the need
of collection and measurement. Finally, the pros and cons of the human right based approach to
include disability in the mainstream population has been mentioned. Suggestions for the
developing countries to achieve the goal by 2030 has been put up.

13GLOBAL SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS (SDGs)
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