Tourism, Sustainability, and Related Studies

This assignment provides a detailed exploration of various studies related to tourism and sustainability. It covers topics such as community-based waste management, volunteerism in international development, climate change in tourism strategies, and the impact of short-term volunteerism on local communities. The assignment also discusses the role of collaboration for innovation in tourism organizations and the rise of the sharing economy's impact on the hotel industry.

Global Tourism Destinations
Tutor: Moghal Baig
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Table of Contents
Table of Contents
Introduction......................................................................................................................................4
LO 1.................................................................................................................................................4
P1. Interpretation of statistics present in tourism........................................................................4
P2. Investigating of the features of key tourist being received on various areas of the world....5
M1. Analysis of the tourism nature which gets affected due to the emerging economies..........6
D1. Critical evaluation of impact of emerging markets and factors affecting global tourism....6
LO 2.................................................................................................................................................6
P3. Determination of particular reasons for development of important global tourism
generating areas...........................................................................................................................7
P4. Comparison of various rising destinations in context to life-cycle, growth-factors and plan
of actions.....................................................................................................................................8
M2. Evaluation of the importance of the various factors relating to the range of destinations. .9
D1. Critical evaluation of impact of key markets and factors affecting global tourism.............9
LO 3.................................................................................................................................................9
P5. Exploration of functions of central organizations in the improvement of worldwide
tourism.........................................................................................................................................9
M3. Evaluating the important organizations in the development of worldwide tourism..........12
D2. Justified recommendation for the governance and key businesses for effectively managing
the future global tourism...........................................................................................................12
LO 4...............................................................................................................................................13
P6. Significance of various threats, issues and critical challenges to approaching improvement
of worldwide tourism................................................................................................................13
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M4. Analysis of implications of threats, issue and challenges.................................................13
D2. Recommendations for government and other international organizations.........................14
Conclusion.....................................................................................................................................16
References......................................................................................................................................17
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Introduction
The term tourism is considered as an activity which implies a lot benefits holistically.
Global tourism enhances the global economy by a lot of factors such as GDP rise, employment
hike, investment by foreign companies and countries etc. Though, there are few issues which still
hampers the tourism industry and if not checked can prove to be a massive threat to the industry.
The following discussion focus on the extent of global tourism, top ten countries experiencing
most traveller from around the world, a brief assessment on the development and features of the
emerging markets in the tourism industry, functions of key organizations for the improvement of
global tourism and lastly challenges to future growth of global tourism.
LO 1
P1. Interpretation of statistics present in tourism
Examining the scale and nature of the global tourism
The United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) describes the tourism as
“the social, cultural and economic phenomenon which entails the movement of people to
countries or places outside their usual environment for personal or business or professional
purposes. These people are called visitors (which may be tourists or excursionists; residents or
non-residents) and tourism has to do with their activities, some of which imply tourism
expenditure” (Opentextbc.ca, 2019).
With the effect of globalization, it is a trend today that amount of every household
earnings is saved for travel. People are inclined to venture on places around the world and the
economic conditions of the country therefore, finds a particular way of earning. Later the Great
Depression and the occurrence of World War II the economies suffered greatly and tourism was
the solution to revive the economies of the countries. Economically Europe counts to be the
topmost tourist destination for the traveller with a 45% share on the continental earnings
following which comes the Asia and Pacific, North and South America and then the Middle East.
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Figure 1: International tourist arrival by world region
(Source: Fan, 2017)
Graph 1 shows the rise in number of tourist in the America, Europe, Asia and Pacific, Middle
East and Africa. The steady rise in the graph interprets that the tourists are willing to travel
around the world which implies a specific contribution on the world economy.
P2. Investigating of the features of key tourist being received on various areas of the world
Top ten countries visited by tourists are as follows:
 France – Over 82 million per year
 United States – Over 75 million per year
 Spain – Over 75 million per year
 China – Over 59 million per year
 Italy – Over 52 million per year
 United Kingdom- Over 35 million per year
 Germany – Over 35 million per year
 Mexico – Over 35 million per year
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 Thailand – Over 32 million per year
 Turkey – Over 30 million per year
M1. Analysis of the tourism nature which gets affected due to the emerging economies
According to statistics the above mentioned are the key countries which contribute
towards the global economic development through the tourism sector. This is the fact that these
country economies are experiencing a rise and therefore count to be emerging markets of the
world. The people are engaged in tourism sectors through employment in hospitality or
communication or travel. The countries have a considerable amount of employment in this sector
which contributes to the well-being of the total economy. The local economy has also an impact.
The travellers who visit the destinations are interested to buy things which engage a certain
memory of the place which boosts the local economy. The culture and society gets an uplift due
to the interactions with a number of people with various origins. The key countries are also
members of the emerging markets.
D1. Critical evaluation of impact of emerging markets and factors affecting global tourism
Globalization leads to bring great impacts on the various industries and a greater
appreciation goes to the technology. As stated by Gretzel, today internet connects the whole
world and it is simply a minute job to gather information regarding any topic. At this stage the
companies employ the internet to source the data for their benefit and to know the current trends
(Buckley et al., 2015). The companies evaluate the data to find out countries fruitful for
exploration. According to Scott the airplane companies, railway, vehicle service companies are
an ample in the developing countries as they foresee growth relating to tourism in the countries.
Foreign companies are willing to invest and connect people from one part to other as they see a
prospect in the same (Hall et al., 2015).
LO 2
P3. Determination of particular reasons for development of important global tourism generating
areas
Assessing the development and features of important emergent markets and various destination
regions
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With improvements in the tourism industry the employment criteria is increased, the
business that supplies the tourism industry get as boost and lastly the local GDP suffers a specific
hike. According to Nichollsthe key reasons for the growth is pretty simple. Visitors are willing to
travel to places which are hassle free. With better connectivity, such as airplane, trains, bus, cars
etc., the distance has been reduced for the visitors along with provision of comfort (Amelunget
al., 2016). Companies provide Travel money to the tourists along with paid holidays which
excites more tourists. The disposable income is utilised through travel and people of developed
countries has a good amount of the income to spend on travel and leisure (Coccossis, 2017). The
effect of social media and media also contribute for the reason of travel. The better and cheap
connectivity occurs through internet partly as people are more prone in booking from home
through internet and today every bit of the travel can be booked through internet. The neutral
families and longer life expectancy is also another reason for better tourism(Giaoutzi, 2017).
With better technology the people are aware of newer destinations as the media helps find those
and therefore the visitors are much willing to explore the unusual or unknown tourist spots.
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P4. Comparison of various rising destinations in context to life-cycle, growth-factors and plan of
actions
France United States Spain China
Life cycle Exploration,
involvement,
development
Exploration,
involvement,
development
Exploration ,
involvement
Exploration,
Involvement
Factors driving
growth
Better
connectivity,
Internet
presence, hassle
free holiday
spots, unique
culture and
society
Better
connectivity,
Variety in
geography
culture, internet
presence, better
disposable
income
Vivid geography
and culture,
unique Domestic
products,
disposable
income growth
Vivid geography
and culture,
food, domestic
products
Strategies
employed
Legal policies up
gradation for
tourism,
committees and
offices for
smooth tourism,
renovation of
heritage
Policy
implementation,
Promotion in
other countries,
promoting the
geography and
landscape
Promotion of
geography,
culture and
products,
committees for
smooth travel
Partnership with
private, public
sectors for
tourism
improvement,
attraction
through culture,
promotion in
other countries
Table 1: Comparing between tourism destinations on the life cycle, growth causes and plan
of action
(Source: Created by author)
In the above table there is a comparison of the four travel spots which have highest
tourists per year and the table shows what are the factors and strategies they apply to attract
traveller and which point of life cycle is the country currently in. There are five stages of the
destination life-cycle and the nations are almost in third or second stage which interprets that a
number of exploration and involvement are yet to be made. The countries employ a lot of
strategies to attract the tourists and the factors that result the growth are many. The best part of
all these countries having a number of tourist is that the countries are experiencing a cultural
change and a boost in the economy (Huang, 2016.). The policies are smooth for the tourists to
attract more and due to ease of availability of connectivity more travellers are visiting the above
mentioned places.
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M2. Evaluation of the importance of the various factors relating to the range of destinations
The impact of the key and emerging markets is huge in the sector of tourism as visitors
from the emerging markets are more than that of the underdeveloped countries. As stated by
Byersthe disposable income of the developed countrymen are much higher than the
underdeveloped countries and those are used in tourism which aids employment, improvement in
industries an growth in GDP(Zervaset al., 2017). As opined by Gengthe luxury goods are getting
a rise in the ‘visiting country’ economy than the traditional counterparts.Though there is also a
choice for a buy for the traditional goods as well which impacts the country economy(Tseng et
al., 2016). Companies reckon the opportunity and prefer to venture inside these countries.
Hotels, hospitality, service, tourism supply industries etc. also gets a boost in the country which
helps the overall economy develop.
D1. Critical evaluation of impact of key markets and factors affecting global tourism
The countries (refer Table 1) have better connectivity, places-to-visit which the
government renovates to attract the visitors largely, the culture (including clothes, food,
language, usage of goods, living style etc) gets updated. As stated by Ray the people are attracted
to those places which are politically calm, has highly maintained heritage or travel spots enriched
with scenic beauty, quality lifestyle and ease of connectivity(Chaudhuri and Ray, 2016). These
are provided by the top tourist attracting countries either through partnerships or on their own
which attracts more visitors. These countries contribute a high amount in the improvement of
worldwide tourism which enhances the world economy. According to Kopiski, people migrate to
these countries in order to acquire jobs and a good living style. From a number of
underdeveloped countries people migrate to these above mentioned countries and become a
permanent member of the country which enriches the population and culture of the country as a
whole(Shereshevaand Kopiski, 2016).
LO 3
P5. Exploration of functions of central organizations in the improvement of worldwide tourism
World Tourism Organization (WTO) is an international company that work for the
development and promotion of the tourism all around the world driving economical growth,
comprehensive development and also environmental sustainability. The company also offers
help to sectors for advancing the knowledge and simplifying policy for travel global. There are
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also the national and regional tourism organizations which enhance the local
economy(Www2.unwto.org, 2019).
Investigating the role and responsibility of important organizations in improvement of
worldwide tourism
To enrich the current situation and country’s economy the nations are striving to improve
their travel sectors. In order to do that each type of organization has been appointed with
particular responsibilities. The national tourism organization are responsible for improving the
Agro tourism (based on agriculture), eco-tourism (based on wildlife, national parks and forestry),
coastal tourism (based on fisheries), ethnic tourism (based on aborigines’ activities) and heritage
tourism (based on museums and antiques). Every state under the national department which
defines the particular zone for the organization. People working under the local organizations
have the responsibility to see to the enhancement on the related tourism departments. The state
tries to improve the particular tourism sectors which engage an inter-state competition to make
things better which attracts more tourists to their destination in particular. In course of time this
enhances the development smoothly and thus economy in the locality improves (Dhar, 2015).
This impacts the national and the global economy at large. The tourism organizations also have a
responsibility to attract visitors through promotions. Both domestically and internationally
marketing and promotion of the activities, leisure points, culture, food and society is the
responsibility of the state organizations. The ministry is also involved for the state-run activities,
tourism policies, enquiry centres, tourism websites etc. The branding may involve a lot factors
which would attract the tourists.
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Figure 2: Key organizations and strategies implemented to improve tourism
(Source: Bremseret al., 2018)
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M3. Evaluating the important organizations in the development of worldwide tourism
Private and foreign organizations also plays an essential role in tourism sector. Connectivity is
through air, road and water. As stated by Zachto develop these government or the key tourism
organizations hold hands with the foreign or private companies. Hotel industries also dive in to
get better returns (Zach, F., 2016). The hospitality brands and the food brands arrive inside the
countries where there are more travellers to suffice their luxury. According to Raman, the
companies which aid these sectors also get a sufficient boost due to the invasion in the new
countries. For example in the hotel industry there is a requirement for luxury which envelops
bath settings, furnishes, furniture, culinary, electronic items etc. The companies dealing with
these gets a boost in the topmost tourism markets which betters the products growth,
employment, lifestyle of the total economy(Loiseauet al, 2016).
D2. Justified recommendation for the governance and key businesses for effectively managing
the future global tourism
Though the organizations try to improve the tourist spots there are always issues affecting
the developments. The social and culture may hamper the growth towards improvement as
according to local culture it is not right to tamper with the aesthetics. For example the heritages
of the country should be endeavoured by the organizations. Therefore a good renovation is
necessary. Though many cultures do not let the organizations improve the heritage as according
to the culture tampering the heritage would ruin the aesthetic value. Again, these issues can be
mitigated with knowledge. As opined by Secundothe locals should be taught about the
importance of the place and its maintenance. The organizations should also employ the locals in
order to make things simpler for the companies (Del Vecchio et al.,2018). Providing jobs for the
locals would help the organizations fight against these kind of situations. Lack of trained
personnel (who do not have enough knowledge) is also a factor hampering the tourism industry.
The organizations also get a difficulty regarding the regulations which the government should
ease down for the betterment of the organizations. In many tourist places the simple amenities
such as clean water, sanitation, good rest rooms, internet service etc. These needs to be improved
by the government and the organizations associated. Nowadays the spread of terrorist attacks are
also a challenge faced by numerous tourist countries. As opined by Moyle, terrorismisa major
threat for the travellers and tourist organizations as well as these can hamper the business from
the core. The government should arrange for much safer places, where the tourists do not dread
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to travel. Security systems of the countries should be tough to finish the terrorist groups(Moyle et
al., 2018).
LO 4
P6. Significance of various threats, issues and critical challenges to approaching improvement of
worldwide tourism
Appraising of threats, challenges and issues to approaching evolution of worldwide tourism
Various and innumerable risks are accounted to travel and tourism industry which can
transform into challenges in the future for the tourism industry. Travel and tourism sector
accounts for almost 10% of the total GDP of the world. though these may become endangered
with time if the issues are not solved.
The following gives an overview of the challenges faced in the tourism sector.
 Safety and security of the country as well as the travellers
 Resource scarceness
 Waste management
 Demographics
 Ethics of Corporate
Above mentioned are the primary problems faced by the travel and tourism industry. These
issues if not managed will enlarge to give rise to other issues which eventually will be threats to
the industries.
M4. Analysis of implications of threats, issue and challenges
Safety and security of the travellers are a threat as the issue is enough to finish the
interest of the visitors. The visitors are aware of the terrorist attacks due to media and social
media. According to Baker the tourism industry has sufficient impact on this single factor as the
terrorist activities give birth to fear in the minds of the visitors. They dread to visit the spots
which ultimately limit the activities of the organizations (Baker, 2015). Once the organizations
face loss they would stop to stay in the country which will hamper the economy as a whole.
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Resource scarcity can be natural or man-man resource scarcity inside the industry. The natural
resources are air, water, soil and the biosphere and man-made resources are the amenities
provided to the tourists (Gössling, S., 2018). Both or anyone can degrade the environment for the
industry which will limit the visitors. As opined by Gösslingdestination degradation can
minimise the activities in the area which will impact the end of the industry in the particular area.
Waste management is one significant issue that the government should take care of. The
companies due to their activities dispose a lot of wastes. The households even dispose wastes
that are harmful for the environment. Wastes not treated can ruin the atmosphere with sufficient
amount of diseases and health hazards (Joseph et al., 2017). The government and the
organizations should take certain measures to treat the waste well. The policies should be strict to
improve the environment which can boost the traveller activities.
Demographics influence the structures of households, culture and society. It is highly
important for the travellers to face a newer and modern society than barbaric ones. The travellers
will get attracted to places who are knowledgeable and cultured (though unique and distinct from
others), But those which are stagnant demography will face serious challenges in the future as
the tourists will deviate from the places demographically weak (Wttc.org, 2019).
Organizations need to restructure their corporate ethics and aim towards sustainability
development. As stated by Bavik the disposable waste should be managed well to avoid dangers
in the environment and the beauty of the nature, geography or landscapes should not be harmed
due to any activities of the organizations (Bavik, 2016). The flora and fauna should be taken
good care of and should not be harmed by the organizations due to the organizational activities.
The environment may be disrupted due to the unmaintained activities of the organizations and
this may hamper tourism.
D2. Recommendations for government and other international organizations
Recommendations are mainly to enhance the knowledge of the population and
understand the difference between myth and facts. Proper training should be provided to the
personnel who work in the tourism and travel sector. as no amplified or pseudo knowledge must
not reach the tourists. The government should see to the waste management, security
enhancement and environmental factors that may harm the ecology and industry as a whole in
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the future (Ghaderiet al., 2017). Again proper marketing and promotion of the key attractions of
the tourist spots should be made.
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Conclusion
Concluding lastly, the above study explains the nitty-gritties of the nature of tourism
industry resulting increments in global economy, the role of organizations developing and
helping the tourism industry to flourish. It also portrays the issues and challenges faced by the
tourism industry with a brief list of recommendations from the writer to improve on the tourism
industry as a whole. Tourism has its own share and contribution to the well-being of the people.
Growth towards economy can boost if the recommendations are followed. Thus, tourism is a
great way to flourish the economy and can make lives better by contributing to every sector.
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