Global Tourism: Characteristics, Trends, and Top Destinations

This report examines the nature of global tourism, including its characteristics and growth in emerging markets. It also explores key business enterprises contributing to the growth of international tourism. Additionally, it discusses the threats, challenges, and issues faced by the global tourism industry. The report provides insights into the top tourism destinations and how they have changed over time.

Global Tourism
Destinations

INTRODUCTION
Global tourism means individual travelling around the world. According to the world
tourism organisation, tourist are those person who travel different places which are outside
regular environment. There are several purpose of travelling at different places like exploring
new places, business meets and several other. There is wide impact of globalisation on travel and
tourism industry as it allow individual to explore destinations which they want. This respective
report will going to examine nature of global tourism (Cornelissen, 2017). In addition to this, it
will also discuss characteristics and growth of emerging market and tourist destination at
marketplace. Furthermore, key business enterprises which contribute in growth of international
tourism will going to explore within this, moreover, last section of this report will going to
examine as well as evaluate several threats, challenges and issues face by global tourism
industry.
Tourism nature is termed as main aid of travelling as well it is getting change as time is
passing because taste and preferences of travellers are also getting modified as per their
feasibility and interest. At initial level, human beings are travelling for fulfilling their food needs
and wants. Furthermore it get change as well as evolved according to behaviour of tourist which
get change towards tourism destination and upgrading trends within respective sector. In addition
to this, trends are those general direction which state that improvement is taking place within
travel and tourism sector (Ezeuduji, 2015). Moreover, trends aspect involve short time period,
long term as well as intermediate.
 For national tourism – According to the survey conducted by government of UK within
2018 of tourism sector it has been determine that approx. 39% respondents are agree on
last minute booking. Such trends have strong influence on technological resources which
makes it easier for travellers and several other tour operators for managing last minute
tour plans. As per the presented data, it can be said that because of increasing trend for
last minute booking number of travellers are increasing day by day in United kingdom.
There are Approx. 3.5 million people who are travelling overseas with the motive of
visiting destination in 2019 (Travel trends that will drive the tourism industry, 2019). It
get increase by 9% within last year due to last minute booking. These overseas travellers
are spending more than £2.3 billion on their visits in United Kingdom. These clearly
depicts that continuous increasing number of travellers as time is passing on which result

in increasing revenue of travel and tourism industry. In addition to this, UK is also
generating £15 billion from visitors who goes for overnight visit.
 For international tourism – There are Europe- around 671 million people , The
America- 207 million people, Africa- 65 million people, Middle East – 58 million people
etc. travellers in 2017 who are visiting most popular international tourism nation (2017
International Tourism Results: the highest in seven years, 2017). In addition to this,
figure of these visitors are getting increase with emerging trends of ecological as well as
educational tours are developing for tourist at international scale. In simple term, it is
form of tourism which exploring undistributed natural areas as travellers now a days are
believe in exploring such areas which enhance their knowledge as well as provide better
experience. Such practices help in generating more funds for ecological projects that will
support in restoring natural habitants. Also, in the year 2018, by this industry revenue
generated from ecological as well as educational tours at international scale is approx.
£1.45 trillion (Global international tourism revenue 2000-2018). Collaborative travel and
tourism GDP of 5 nations China, Germany, Japan, USA and UK is 47%. This depicts that
majorly these nations holds good tourism destinations including most influential trend
that is ecological and educational destination.

Above mention graphical presentation specifies international arrival of tourist in billion. Thus, it
is clearly state increasing number of traveller within past 7 decades as well as these visitors are
constantly increasing as year is passing (Gössling and Peeters, 2015). Thus, maximum number of
tourist are preferring to travel nations like Europe and Americas. Major reason behind enhancing
number of trends is increasing trend such as last minute booking as well as ecological and
educational tours. It is also predicted that these number of tourists will increase with passing
years with add on of other trends into the same.
World’s top tourism destinations and how these have changed over time.
There are several number of popular tourism destination that is being preferred travellers
at extensive level because they gaining most soothing experiences from these places. At
international level, it has been identified that maximum number of travellers prefers to visit
France as they finds most attractive destinations like the Arc de Triomphe, the Eiffle Tower, the
Louvre and Versailles. UK is identified among top 10th most popular tourism destination
worldwide where around 36 million visitors visit every year (Higham, 2018). These visitors also
generates £ 13.29 billion for UK which contributes in its economical development. Some of the
popular destination of UK are the tower of London, Roman-Era Bath, Medieval York and its
Minster etc. Around, 41 million visitors enrol every year in Mexico. This place is popularly
known for world class resorts, Agua Azul Waterfalls, Sumidero Canyon etc.

All the above mention come under top tourism destination of world. In addition to this
travellers interest is getting change day by day as per changing trends. Moreover, changes within
respective industry may result in influencing travellers interest towards other destination which
could provide them better experience.
Tourism generating areas are those which mould country by bringing essential steps as
well as attractive changes on several factors which attract tourism such as demographics,
economic as well as geographical (Kiráľová and Pavlíčeka, 2015). Apart from this, tourism
receiving areas are those where condition are presented from starting as well as there are no
efforts which place in their creation such as environment, climate, cultural and economic factors.
In addition to this, both receiving and generating area of travel and tourism industry have several
characteristics. It can also said that people select their destination as per its favourable
characteristics that influence their interest towards places.
Global tourism is growing rapidly as well UN world Tourism organisation report that
international tourist arrivals get rise by 6% in 2018 to 1.4 billion arrivals worldwide. As per
World travel & Tourism council, travelling to emerging economies has been expected to enhance
twice the rate of travel to advanced economies from now until 20130. more than 1 billion people
are travelling emerging economies per annum. Thus, it has been identified that tourism sector is
developing fast and have wide impact on organisations which are working within this.
There are several reason behind increasing tourism such as people now a days want to
travel one place to another as they want to explore new places. Along with this, rising income
level of people also result in increasing level of tourism.
Below mention are key characteristics of tourism generating area and tourism receiving area
which are as follows :-
Characteristics of tourism generating area are as follows :- Geographical Factors: France's Geographical characteristics is most attractive as well as
influential and becomes major source which help in attracting people towards them. For
example, In France Eiffel Tower is seen as geographical characteristic which help in
attracting tourist as well as its mouth publicity also help in attracting people as such
source of publicity helps in attracting maximum number of visitors towards it.

 Demographics factors – United State demographic characteristics help in attracting
tourist towards there popular cities such as Las Vegas which is popular for their night
life. Most of the tourist who visit such places belong from high class who are able to
spend money in Casino for enjoying trip.
 Economic: In an nation economical status in consider as essential characteristic because it
play higher role in influencing tourist towards specific location which belong to same
nation (Jovicic, 2014). For instance, London is commercial city which emphasises on
enjoying status of one among the largest city at worldwide level within economic term.
Famous destination is London Eyes as it is advantageous place which attract local and
overseas tourist towards them.
Characteristics of Tourism receiving areas are as follows :- Climate: High Force, In England there is place which famous for its waterfall it is named
as Durgham as well as drops of waterfall falls into beautiful plunge pool (Lew, Hall and
Williams, 2014). Thus, climatic condition of entire place is highly attractive because it
provides soothing environment to the people who are visiting it. Environment: Barafundle Bay, Pembrokeshire is a Greek Island which are surrounded
environment full of greenery. This is the place which owned by Cawdor family of
Stackpole court but everyone can visit this place as it is open for everyone. It is one of the
most desirable destination of United Kingdom as well as it is also come under 12 top
beaches across the world in past.
 Culture: In influencing interest of people culture is the term which play important role.
On the the best example is Tomorrowland as it is the music festival which organised in
Berlin at seasonal basis.
In global travel industry many interesting trends are occurring out of which most notable
is growing impact of affluent travellers from emerging market nation on travel spending as well
as investment. In simple term it can be said that emerging market changing face of hospitality
industry not in terms of new places to visit and also for develop hotels, but as an potential source
market of new guest. It is not only nations like Brazil, Russia, China and India.
In present era travel and tourism industry is playing important as people are travelling
more across global and national boundaries. There are large number of international travellers
who have wide level of contribution in growth of cross border tourists and also in upliftment of

national economies worldwide level. Places which come under international travelling are United
Kingdom, United States, Mexico, France, Italy, Egypt, Spain and many more. These mention
countries have inflated tourism level because of which they are attaining massive growth lately.
There are some reasons behind their growth and development explanation of these are as
follows:-
 Insight into heritage - Human being who are travelling at global level have incisive
involvement in gaining understandability of culture as well as heritage places. Place like
China, Italy as well as Spain are eligible for their growth and inflated revenue which
owing to opportunity offering by them to travellers for gaining information in relation of
their heritage (Kiráľová and Pavlíčeka, 2015). In China, Shanghai Tourism Festival as
well as in UK Harbin International Ice and Snow Festival are such events which provide
assistance in gaining knowledge as well as understanding about culture of their nation.
 Natural aura of places and associated cultural insights – Natural beauty of place is
major key element that influence travellers mindsets in optimistic manner and also pull in
them for approaching for such places. In addition to this, it can be said that global tourism
receiving as well as also creating area of world that will result in offering enjoyable and
clam surrounding to human being who are visiting which provide assistance in easy
attraction towards destination. In relation to this, Italy is full of natural beauty as there
places Venice, Positano and so on are much beautiful. Furthermore, In France there are
some places gain attention of travellers and help in providing soothing experience these
places are Marseille, French Riveria and many more (Saarinen and Rogerson, 2014).
There are mainly 4 a's of tourist destination i.e., attraction, amenities, access and
ancillary. Explanation of these are as follows :-
 Attraction – It is important element as well as object which attract people for travelling
such as cultural sites, historical buildings, archaeological sites, beach, resort, mountains,
national parks and so on. Along with this it also include events such as exhibitions, trade
fairs, sports events and so on. There are mainly two type of attraction i.e., natural and
man-made.
 Amenities – It is related to extra facilities as well as services which are needed by guest
while travelling, facilities included within this are visa, tickets and many more. There are
mainly two type of amenities such as natural and man made.

 Access - It is important key which result in development of tourism. Moreover,
accessibility is mode of transportation that assist tourist in reaching the destination. There
are three type of transportation such as surface, air and water transportation.
 Ancillary – It involve food & lodging facilities to the guest and service providers have to
ensure that ancillary must be comfortable and services & facilities should be provided.
There are two type of accommodation such as services and self catering or supplementary
accommodation.
There are several reason behind increasing rate of global tourism as people are getting
more aware about different places through social media, ranking of destination and many more.
Along with this, people are getting more convenience while travelling which also result in
increasing number of traveller at worldwide level.
TALC model is that which developed with concept of product life cycle, as it simply
specifies capacity and sustainability of particular destination over the years. This framework
provide assistance in understanding modification within tourist attraction as time goes on.
Application related to respective framework are mention below along with comparison within
two different global destinations:-
Stages of TALC Kyrgyzstan Indonesia
Exploration It is not first country which
come in mind while thinking
about travel bucket. This
simply means that people who
like exploring new places will
definitely go to visiting
Kyrgyzstan.
Indonesia is also one of the
well know as well as emerging
tourist destination. Travellers
who believe in exploring
culture, meeting new people
and so on visit Indonesia.
Involvement People who are staying near
respective destination started
offering basic facilities to
visitors which result in
generating business and source
Within this destination
involvement of other
businesses is only on seasonal
basis. But it can be developed
in near future. In comparison

of income as well as their
involvement is high (Liu,
2014). This simply means
people who are living near
tourist destination are highly
involved within such activities
which result in creating
business for them and also
generate revenue.
of Kyrgyzstan involvement is
business is low. Because only
on seasonal basis people are
involved within business
activity.
Development By enhancement in
international tourist, local
people are also started visiting
this place which result in
boosting flow of destination.
Moreover, Development of
Kyrgyzstan tourist destination
done on regular basis. It is
necessary to have proper
development within
destination because it is the
source which provide
assistance in attracting large
number of visitors.
Economic condition of
respective tourist is tied with
tourist specially. In
comparison of Kyrgyzstan
tourist destinations it is low
(Rogerson, 2015). In simple
term it can said that,
Development of Indonesia
destination in not much high in
comparison of Kyrgyzstan.
Consolidation Numbers of visitors for this
destination have reached to its
peak as time is going on. This
simply means that, only in
season people visit
Kyrgyzstan more whereas,
when there is no peak time
Excessive use of electricity has
raised environmental, social as
well as economical problem
for this destination. This may
result in negative impact over
visitors as they are reducing.

number of travellers are also
less.
Stagnation Continuous based
development will support
Kyrgyzstan tourist destinations
within their higher growth
(Saarinen and Lenao, 2014).
Because development can be
in any factor which will attract
number of customer's in
effective manner.
Tourism for this place can be
stabilised by making certain
changes in usage of electricity
and others for its better
functioning.
Decline It own capability of dealing
with emerging tourism
destinations. Thus, for this
destination declining stage is
very far.
In Indonesia, several issues are
facing by travellers when they
visit destination. This is the
main result which result in
declining number of tourism
within Indonesia.
Factors which are driving growth of specific destination – Tourist destination is
getting influenced through several factors such as economical, environmental, historical,
religious and many more. Positive influence of these mention factors support in growth as well
as development of destination in quicker manner (Saarinen and Rogerson, 2014). From the
above mention destination Kyrgyzstan is selected because it is the destination which influence
historical factors within positive manner. Specially such place attract people who want to
explore old monuments which upgrade their knowledge within effectual manner. Apart from
this, Indonesia is consider for historical values because it was designed through husband and
wife team. Along with this, innovative structure of Indonesia attract customers which result in
rapid growth of visitors.
Future prediction and forecast – For this destination future prediction are positive as
they are getting preferences because of its prime location (Saarinen, Rogerson and Hall, 2017).
Number of tourist visiting in Kyrgyzstan increased by 6.2 % for 5 years. It has been noted that,

1,273 million tourists has been visited Kyrgyzstan in 2016. In addition to this, income from
reception of foreign citizens has been estimated $ 415.6 million which has been increased by 1.4
percent in comparison of 2015 (Tourist flow to Kyrgyzstan grows by 6.2 percent for 5 years,
2017). In 2016, Kyrgyzstan was mostly visited tourist from Russia, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan,
Germany, turkey, China, United State and Kazakhstan.
In Indonesia, Foreign tourist arrivals has reached approx. 15.8 million in 2018. More than
2.5 million Malaysians visited the archipelago in 2018, while the Chinese came second at 2.14
million, data showed. But the country missed its target to draw 17 million visitors after it was
struck by multiple earthquakes and tsunamis (Indonesia Enjoyed Record Tourism in 2018, 2020).
There are numerous organisations who are play important role in facilitating tourism
growth at worldwide level. Both government and private companies are there such as UNWTO,
IATA, PATA UN and EU which make sure development of economy by inflating tourism
figures at international scale.
Role and aim of policies related to Tourism Development Organisation
UNWTO – Determination as well as examination of emerging market trends within
tourism sector are important aspects for tour operators. In relation to, United State World
Tourism organisation is playing role in providing organisations operating within travel and
tourism sector with latest knowledge related to number of aspects (Torres-Delgado and Saarinen,
2014).
They involve latest trends, market study, forecasts as well as comprehensibility of market
segments pertaining to the concerned industry (UNWTO. The Work of UNWTO, 2019). It will
contribute in individual developing knowledge related to tourism as well as it is associated
issues are those that contribute in developing global tourism. Moreover, policies designed by an
corporation involves sustainable tourism policies which aims to promote sustainable tourism at
wide level.
PATA – Pacific Asia travel Association is one the biggest tourism promotion
organisation at global level. Since it get incorporation, there are several role played by respective
entity such as promotion, creation as well as foster tourism within Pacific area. There are several
tour companies who are member of this agency get support from respective corporation at large
level because it have connection with 95 government state bodies, 108 hospitality companies, 25

international airlines, 72 educational institutions and others bulky travel associated company
across the Asia Pacific (PATA – Pacific Asia Travel Association, 2019).
Role of Multinational tourism providers – There are several role performed by
multinational tourism providers as they help travellers in planning their entire trip from starting
to end. In simple term, Multinational tourism providers make work of travellers easy as they
don't need.
Role of travel agencies – There are several role performed by travel agencies within
tourism industry such as travel information, airline ticketing and reservation, reservation, travel
insurance, currency services and many other.
Role of tour operators – There are several role performed by tour operators such as
planning tour, making tour package, arranging tour, travel information, reservation, travel
management, promotion, taking care of Glitch and several other role also.
All these contact provide assistance to agencies in executing there work within more
effective manner. In addition to this, Aim of PATA sustainability & social responsibility policy
is to develop business of its member, enhancement of services offering by them and stipulation
of measures for increasing number of visitors within confines of Asia pacific region.
There are several issues which facing by travel and tourism industry along with this
numerous threats and challenges are also affecting their future development. In relation of global
tourism sector, it has been determine that globalisation brought several challenges because of
various factors such as economic, environmental, social trends, political and technological trends
(Ezeuduji, 2015). Determination of all these factors as well as issues are indulges in them which
are providing opportunity to remove such issues and work for future development of tourism.
The different factors and their review are mentioned below for determining their contribution
within development of tourism:
Political: Major issue related to political factor is safety of people who are visiting
different places in form of terrorist attacks. Terrorism means usage of intentional violence
mainly against civilians. If any terrorist attack at global destination it may result in raising threat
by reducing influence of travellers towards global destination. For instance, Paris face series of
coordinated terrorist attack in 2015. The importance of this threat is determined by the
government as this result in diminishing the safe image of country. This results into creation of
special program from the side of French Government budgeted £326 million to combat terrorism

(France boosts anti-terror measures in wake of Paris attacks, 2019). Also, it turns the city into
safest through deployment of more than 122000 police as well as military personnel.
Environmental – Major aspect which considered within environmental factor is climate
change. In simple term it can be said that sudden change in climate is major issue and it may
influence future development of global tourism. By environmental factor Europe get largely
affected where impact was seen over temperature, sea level and reduced sea ice. In addition to
this, the climate has impact over the regions where wet become more wetter and dry become
drier (Cornelissen, 2017). Moreover, threat which international association noticed that in this
respect many agreements are made like Paris agreement within the UNFCCC which work
towards the reduction in the amount of greenhouse gas emissions and adaptation of several other
measures.
Economic – New as well as emerging economy have wide impact on global tourism
destinations. There are several economic factors which affect global tourism development such
as rising income level, disposable income, exchange rate fluctuations, fuel costs, taxations,
recession and many more.
Social trends – It include changing requirement as well as expectations of customers
which are driven through advancement in technology, fashions, taste, preferences and many
more.
Technological trends – Advancement in technological factors have wide impact on
tourism sector. For instance, now a days travellers are doing online booking of their hotels as
well as train, flight tickets. Along with this, uses of mobile and cloud technology result in raising
awareness about destinations.
CONCLUSION
After going through above discussion, it has been summarised that international tourism
international tourism is playing important role within growth as well as development of nation.
In simple term it can be said that global tourism and economic development both term are
interrelated with each other. In addition to this, it has been analysed that there are two major
source that will result in increasing revenue such as online sales of services as well as reservation
through online mobile app. Furthermore, destination life cycle is consider by country as they
beauty of their famous attractive places.

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