Nature and Trend of Global Tourism

This report discusses the changing nature and trends of global tourism, the reasons for its growth, and the characteristics of key tourist generating and receiving areas. It also explores the role of international organizations in the development of global tourism and reviews the threats, issues, and challenges to its future development.

GLOBAL TOURISM
DESTINATION

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...............................................................................................................3
LO1....................................................................................................................................3
P1 Nature and Trend of Tourism....................................................................................3
LO2....................................................................................................................................6
P3 Reasons for growth of key tourist generating and receiving areas-.........................6
P4 Comparison of emerging global tourism destination-...............................................7
LO3....................................................................................................................................8
P5 Role and Responsibility of international organisation in development of Global
Tourism...........................................................................................................................8
LO 4...................................................................................................................................9
P6: Review the significance of various threats, issues and challenges to the future
development of global tourism.......................................................................................9
CONCLUSION.................................................................................................................11
REFERENCES................................................................................................................12

INTRODUCTION
Global Tourism Destination, as the name include a three different words having different
meaning then including with each other. Tourism refers to mobility of people from one place to
another and when this tourism includes travelling from one country to another country, this
become Global tourism. There are various factors that have changed the trends of these tours
and develops it as a driver of economy. In present time nature of torism have also changed
because of these factors. Countries and areas are constantly working on improving the reasons
that can increase tourism to their country. Various national and international agencies are
working on developing international tourism. So that all the countries can grow in various
aspects as tourism also help in growing and developing various business along with national
economy. In this report changing nature and trends of global tourism and reasons that help in
growing global tourisms have been discussed along with roles and responsibility of international
organisations.
LO1
A travel intended to have fun and an experience filled with thrill and adventure.
Travel has less to with work and more about getting new experiences in various
fields like culture, heritage and history.
P1 Nature and Trend of Tourism
Illustration 1: Growth tourist destinations around the world
(Source: Growth tourist destinations around the world, 2015)

Statistics of top ten tourist receiving countries -
Different tourism Characteristics-
Heritage- this characteristic of tourism is concerned with culture of the place where
tourism is occurring. Places that represent stories of past in its authentic manner is known as
heritage of a country.
Adventure- Tourism filled with various activities filled with fun and thrill is adventure
tourism. Travelling to remote area for the purpose of exploring and expecting unexpected
during travel. Tourism for mountaineering, tracking and water sports comes in adventure
tourism.
Dark Tourism- this includes travelling to those places which are known for being
dangerous. This includes those places which are associated with death in past.
Since last 60 years Global tourism have experienced regular growth and tourism have
become largest and fastest growing sector of the economy. There are various reasons for
growth in this sector that includes holiday travel and other travels like business travel. All these
have contributed to the growth of tourism. Tourism has become one most important factor of
economic development of developing countries and even developed countries also promote
tourism of their countries. Statistics in travel has shown uninterrupted growth have reached
above 1 billion from 277 million. In this growth market share of developing economy has also
increased and reached 47 percentage in from 30% percentage.
Trends of tourism have also changed at present from group travellers to individual
travellers, mass tourism to niche destination, evolution of packaged holiday, emergence of tour

planners offering low cost and standardized travel packages (Wu, 2016). Technology have also
impacted tourism online reservation and promotion to mass public from online travel sites that
offers cheap and attracting offers for travel. Change in social norms have also impacted tourism.
People easily gets to know about travel destinations that are suitable for them. Short-term
travels has also increased which are less then 7 hours air travel. Development and growth of
hotels and man made destinations that attract tourist also has helped in growth of international
tourism. New market and International liberation and Increasing MNC's increase Global tourism
in a form of business travel. Tourism is also important for cultural exchange among various
nations. Different adventures activities have also contributed in tourism like mountaineering, sky
diving, under water swimming, these activities are available at different locations and requires to
travel to different locations. There are various factors that affect global tourism these are
attraction, accommodation, weather, infrastructure facility, supporting activities and working life
of people.
Few other factors that affect and change trend of tourism are education and culture, more
people are travelling to different locations for education than ever. Industrial development and
urbanization, many people are travelling to different locations for job and other business
activities. According to research travel to emerging economies is expected to increase as twice
and more than one billion people are expected to arrive in emerging economies. Different
international and national organisations of emerging economies are also promoting travel to
these countries and generating new opportunities and developing infrastructure and related
facility so that they can attract international travel for all the reason tourist go to other countries.
P2 Characteristics of key tourist generating and receiving areas in the world
One of the most important activity being done for leisure is Tourism. Tourism is affected
by many reasons including geography and economic conditions of receiving and generating
countries. All countries which receives and generate most tourist have their own characteristics,
which are as follows-
France- Country of castles, attract the most number of tourist because of royal life that is
possible to live there are too many castles one can visit and many of them also offers night stay
and people can enjoy living in 16th century rooms feels like living a royal life. Along with these
France also has exotic cuisine, scenery, beautiful beaches (Pulido-Fernández and Rodríguez-
Díaz, 2016). Paris, Nice, Cannes are most visited cities in France.
The United States- Culturally and ethically most diverse place U.S. is every tourist's
dream location. With New York and Las Vegas being most visited cities. U.S. Has too many

adventures for fun. One big thing is that there are too many warm places to go in winters and
cold places to go in summers. There are all kind of places for people with different preferences.
Spain- With eye-catching white sand bitches to explore, Spain is the most visited country
in Europe (Milano, Cheer and Novelli, 2018). Country offers to many exotic locations including
Park Guell made of breathtaking sculptures and Alhambra. Its unspoiled coast, world class
wines and imposing architecture make it a most preferred tourist location.
Italy- Country having charming villages and beautiful coastline Italy attracts too many
visitors every year. Two of most visited places in country that are enough to attract most of its
visitors The Coliseum of Rome and the Canals of Venice are just two places in a country that
has most numbers of UNESCO world heritage sites.
United Kingdom- London, most popular location for tourist in U.K. With so many heritage
sites, locations offering amazing experience of shopping and art festivals, filled with its rich
history, wildlife and adventures U.K. is another country that attracts most of tourist in the world.
Germany- having too many unique historic sites and museums Germany too is a great
place for tourists. Germany includes locations like Hamburg, Berlin and Frankfurt all these have
characteristics that attract tourist towards Germany.
Mexico- Spectacular beaches and too many hotels and resorts to explore millions of
people visit Mexico each year. Ancient Aztec ruins and museums are a great place for History
buffs.
Thailand- With its amazing nightlife and too many clubs, bar and other places for having
fun, Thailand has become tourist place for many other reasons.
All these tourist generating and receiving countries have different characteristics from
history to nightlife these countries have many other characteristics that attract tourist towards
them.
There are countries which are generating profit through medical education; United States is
known for providing best medical education and generating profit through education. Various
universities like Harvard, Yale and Stanford are best for studying medicine. University of
Melbourne in Australia is also great place for medical students.
Countries that provide best experience for leisure and are generating revenue from this
includes united states, united kingdom, Canada, Malaysia, France and Spain. All these
countries receive many tourist each year for leisure and generate profit from these. Among
these Spain and united states are best for having leisure and a tour devoted for leisure.
Examples of three developed and three developing countries for tourisn have also been
included in this report. These are-

Illustration 2: Tourist Growth Rate, China
(Source: China Tourism, 2019)

Source: Number of inbound visits to the United Kingdom (UK) from 1st quarter 2015 to
1st quarter, 2019)
Illustration
3: International Tourism in France
(Source: Spending of international tourists in France from 2012 to 2028, 2019)
These countries are developed countries.
Illustration 4: Brazil Tourist Arrivals
(Source: Brazil Tourist Arrivals, 2019)

Illustration 5: Foreign Tourists Arrivals in India
(Source: Now, slowdown bug bites tourism sector, 2019)
Illustration
6:

Tourist Arrivals in Mauritius
(Source: Tourist Arrivals in Mauritius, 2019)
These countries are emerging countries for tourism.
Pros and Cons of emerging countries-
Pros-
Tourism bring money in country and help in strengthening economic condition of the
country.
It provides various job opportunities in the country.
It helps in improving infrastructure, as to increase tourism country will focus on its
infrastructure.
In promotes international connection and cross cultural exchange.
Cons-
Tourism has risk of damaging forest life and heritage sites. Tourism also contribute
in pollution and loss of natural habitats.
Cultural exchange can sometimes cause loss of culture of tourist destination.
Often develops clashes on the basis of cultural basis.
Tourism jobs are seasonal and it may give rise to seasonal unemployment in
country.
Emerging economies often get influenced by developing countries thus putting its
own culture in risk.

LO2
P3 Reasons for growth of key tourist generating and receiving areas-
Weather, economy, exchange rate, events are some of important factors that influence
the no. of tourist in an area or country (Dearborn and Stallmeyer, 2016). Along with this, there
are various reasons that decide and affect growth of an tourist place. Some of them are as
follows-
Easy Air Travel- Those places where it is easy to travel through air and then facilities
provided to tourist are more likely to grow as an tourist place. Many countries that provides visa
on arrival or where there is no requirement of visa tends to have more visitors because this
make it easy to travel in foreign country.
Working Life of People- Countries whose working populations gets more holidays are
more likely to visit other countries then those whose working population does not get much
holiday.
Disposable Income- Those country where disposable income of people is higher tends
to generate more tourist then those whose population's disposable income is low. Spending
habits of people also affect this, where people are more concerned about saving money have
less no. of tourist.
Locations- Counties who have more locations and more opportunity to travellers to have
fun tends to receive more tourists. Because these countries have places for all kind of people
with different choices.
History and Culture- country whose history and culture is more diverse and attractive
and where it is easy to find traces of that history are more likely to attract tourist as culture and
history are a big reason people travel for (Höpken, Fuchs and Lexhagen, 2018). And these
areas attract people then those who did not had any special history and have a general culture.
Facilities provided to tourist- Many countries keep tourism on priority and give special
facilities to tourism grow in this areas. Proper facilities, ease of travelling, norms of government
regarding tourist, less restrictions all these factors tends to increase tourist and these areas
grow in tourism.
Safety- Those areas which are safe in various aspects are more likely to grow in tourism.
Like less or no terrorism, less crime rate, women safety, safety from thieves, no racism, safe
transportation, safe locations. In these safety of location is partially controllable but others are
controllable and when all these aspects of safety are achieved by society and government of a
area, these areas grow in tourism. There are many countries where safety does not bother its
tourist and government and society jointly look after this aspect, attracts more people. Those

areas where government's policy does not work and crime rates are high people avoid going to
these places.
These reasons if favourable can make a area grow in tourism.
P4 Comparison of emerging global tourism destination-
Various countries are emerging as tourism destination for global tourist and because of
their own different characteristics. Bhutan and UAE has been included in this report for
comparison on the basis of destination life cycle, factors driving growth and strategies
employed.
Destination Life Cycle in Bhutan-
stages UAE BHUTAN
EXPLORATION Known for its exotic
beaches and luxurious life
UAE has developed various
destinations by itself. From
past two centuries UAE has
developed itself from its oil
revenue.
Tourism in Bhutan was
explored just half a century
ago.
INVOLVEMENT Started building big hotels
and malls to attract tourist.
Country constantly tried to
increase tourism and
promoted it.
DEVELOPMENT Keep developing itself and
provided experiences of
lifetime through advanced
technology that also
developed by it.
Bhutan became lat country
to remove ban on internet
and television that helped it
to promote its tourist.
CONSOLIDATION Burj Khalifa one of the
biggest buildings and centre
of attraction to visit UAE.
Later Bhutan’s political
reform was introduced
which made new policies
regarding tourism in the
countries and reduces
preservation of its
destination
STAGANTION Increasing its tourist day by
day who are looking for
leisure time and want to live
luxurious life during their
yours.
After that Bhutan’s tourism
is increasing day by day
and natural sites in Bhutan
have made it a destination
that attracts tourist towards
the country.
Basis for tourist attraction Basis of attracting tourist

are buildings and hotels. are natural sites of
himalayas.
Destination Life Cycle- This refers to the five stages of development exploration,
Involvement, development, consolidation and stagnation. In this UAE's destination life cycle has
been completed. UAE's destination are man made and has been developed through technology
. These destination includes world class Malls, fascinating buildings and hotels that were made
with special architecture making these main attraction for tourist. Whereas Bhutan has natural
locations lied in Himalayas (Pratt, and Liu, 2016). Usually known as kingdom of Peace and
Happiness Bhutan has maintained its tourist destination and these are also attracting those who
are interested in nature. These destinations are also on their post stagnation stage as tourism of
Bhutan is continuously increasing and making it a tourism destination.
Factors driving Growth- UAE's growth in tourism is increasing because of various factors
that includes its infrastructure, hospitality and locations. UAE has one of the best hotels, resorts
and restaurants in the world that attracts most of its tourist. Along with these technology and
ease of travelling in UAE make it an attraction for tourist from worldwide. UAE known for its
luxurious Malls gives an amazing experience for shopping have made it a hub for shopping and
attract people from worldwide and along with tourist development helps in growth of business in
UAE. Whereas Bhutan has an rich culture as main attraction for tourism and its peaceful
environment (Sardak, 2016). Bhutan is lied in lap of Himalayas that provides it with many
natural locations and destination that helps in increasing beauty of Bhutan and make it attraction
for travellers . Environment and its culture is another factor that attract tourist towards itself.
Bhutan is known as only carbon negative country making it safe and giving a reason for
travelling and Bhutan also have castles to add in its beauty. All these factors helps Bhutan being
an emerging tourist destination.
Strategies Employed- Strategies employed by UAE to increase its tourism includes
various new techniques like blogging, exhibition at trade shows and digital promotion of tourist
destination through various mediums. Whereas Bhutan maintained good relations with other
countries which created good image and countries promote Bhutan for tourism and showcasing
its destination through blogging and website Bhutan has managed to attract tourist and Bhutan
has opened itself for many countries whose tourist does not require visa. This is how Bhutan is
increasing its tourism.

LO3
P5 Role and Responsibility of international organisation in development of Global Tourism
International organisation play a vital role when it comes to development of international
tourism. Some of these organisation and their roles are mentioned below-
WTO (World Trade Organisation)- A framework for international trade in service includes
GATS (General agreement on trade in service) includes international tourism in itself.
This is a multilateral framework under WTO. Tourism has become one important factor for
economic growth of developing countries and that is why tourism has most number of GATS
commitment (Jurigová and Lencsésová, 2015). Progressive liberation through this help in
growth of tourism which is covered by WTO.
UNWTO (United Nations World Tourist Organisation)- This united nations agency works
for promotion of responsible, universally attainable and sustainable tourism.
This also works on tourism considering it as an important factor like driver of growth of
economy, development and sustainable environment. UNWTO also promotes global code of
ethics for tourism so that its positive effects can be maximised and negative impacts can be
minimised. Organisation also generates market knowledge and encourages training and
education of tourism and provides technical assistance project for development in more than
100 countries.
IATA (The International Air Transport Association)- This organisation promote economic,
safe and regular air transport. Works on increasing and developing Air commerce. It works on
education related to airline industry. This organisation helps and make it easy to collaborate with
other airlines and agencies. IATA also works on regulation and legal environment and consumer
protection. Through all these measures IATA helps in a safe and regulated air travel so tourist
can easily move from one place to another.
ICAO (International Civil Aviation Organisation)- This organisation promotes safety of
aviation, its security, environmental friendly practices and efficiency regarding flights and their
operation. This also undertakes practises related to technical field in aviation. It also make sure
an transport which is smooth and process of crossing international borders. It helps and ensures
that international organisations can fairly operate function. It promotes safety of flights and how
can they minimize their expenses and penalties of travellers.
PATA (Pacific Asia Travel Association)- PATA assist upcoming destinations for travel
and small destinations for travel. It operates as a central source. PATA undertake research

programmes for its members and provide them up to date information. PATA also functions as a
promoter for its member countries and coordinate advertising of members in consumer market.
PATA works on improving statistics of tourism in pacific region. PATA also advocate on the
matters of conservation measures and balanced growth.
IHA (International hotel and Restaurant Association)- This organisation works on
promoting interest of hotel and restaurant industry all over world. IHA record and detect all the
issues raised by other organisations. Represent interest of the whole industry in front of policy
makers. IHA solves internal problems of the industry itself which includes conflicts within
industry. IHA provide support to weigh local and regional issues where requested.
LO 4
P6: Review the significance of various threats, issues and challenges to the future development
of global tourism.
In global tourism are facing lots of threats, issues, and challenges. It affects the future
development of the hospitality and tourism industry.
Threat of terrorists
As terrorists can attack anytime at any location in the world, so it creates fear in the mind of
visitors. They are scared of going outside. Any kind of attack they do like plane hijacking, bombs
attacks etc. So it leads to decrease in global tourism.
Changing in climate
The sudden change in climate of the places, makes a doubtful situation in visitors mind. They
are confused whether to go or not. The global warming enhances every day in the world and
makes the atmosphere imbalanced (Jurigová and Lencsésová, 2015). In summer season it may
rain in coastal areas, it rainy areas there may be warm, also at hill stations there is no snowfall
or may be high snowfall is there. So the visitors are not able to decide to go out. It affects the
tourism as the sales of the hotels and travels goes down.
Government taxations
The government charges tax amount very high. They apply big amount of taxes on travels and
hotel industry, it affects public directly as these hotels, restaurants charges from tourists high.
The increment in travelling cost leads to decrease in tourists.
Losses in business sectors
Hospitality and tourism industry will face losses if they don't get travellers, and hotels would be
less filled due to unavailability of the customers. It de-growth the businesses. As aviation
industry, travel industry, hotels, restaurants have heavy losses. It would directly affect economy
of the country.

Moreover there are many challenges in front of global tourism like loss of natural
habitats, increased pollution, endangered species, resource depletion, health and wellness all
such can affect the travel and hotel industry. Tourists might loss interest in the place if there is
no historical places to roam, more pollution is there, no resources are available for tourists. All
these can be threats for the visitors. If it would suffer from less tourism in their country they will
have decremented in their economy. It influences global tourism in future development very
badly, if there are no visitors, globalization is also harmed. So to overcome from these issues
and challenges the government should provide better infrastructures, resources to public. As
they should do promotional campaigns to attract tourism in their country. People will come in
more amount. The government should take the steps to preserve their historical monuments,
preserve endangered species and should take preventive measures for pollution. Also, the
government should give relaxation in taxes to travel and hospitality industry, as they minimize
the tax amount, they will not charge more from tourist.
This pestle analysis of the most popular tourists country in the world France, on the
basis of various eternal environmental factors there are various issues which is related to the
development of tourism in the country. These important issues are mentioned below:
Political issues: This is one of the major political issues which is faced by the country in which
some tourist spots are given much preferences as compared to other destinations as per the
government in power. Another issues which is faced is that interdependence of exit and entry
policy is pressurised by the government as it depends on the relation country's relationship with
other nations. Besides France has been facing various terrorists attacks from last decade and
there has also been a traffic fluctuations and travel restrictions which are sometimes
implemented by the government on tourist. All this have a negative impact on the development
of tourism in the country.
Social factors: There are various social factors which a country may face one of the major
challenge is that there is a continuous increase in the living standard of people within and
outside the country. This may be a challenging task for the country to meet up these rising
standards. One of the major reason may be that a country may lack proper facilities with the
changing customer trends. This may have a negative affect on the supply chain of the country.
Also, there occurs a frequent change in the activities or various events to which a country may
lack resources.
Environmental factors: One of the major issue country is dealing with is environmental issue
like rise global warming which has negatively affected the development of tourism in the
country. The basic reason behind this is rise in pollution and loss of bio-diversity in the country.

This has increases the chances of natural disasters which may hinder the development of
tourism in the country.
Recommendations
 In order to overcome the issue Government of France should develop a responsible
tourism in the country. This may help the country to overcome the challenges for
developing a tourism as it will help in consuming the tourism in a more responsible way.
 It is also recommended that country should focus on the sustainable development by
focusing on the sustainable tourism practices in the country.
 In order to overcome the challenges of social factors, country go focus on the
importance diversification of people which can help the country overcome challenge of
meeting changing social trends.
 Also, country should make all facilities and amenities available to tourists by focusing on
the product and diversification of products and service. By this approach, France will be
able to develop its tourism in an effective way.
CONCLUSION
Present statistics about the global tourism is good. As nature and trends of tourism on a
global scale is up. It influences the economies a global level. There are lot of characteristics of
the tourist like they love to roam the world, they love nature. Global tourism is applying different
marketing strategies to enhance the tourism. So they get benefits in their businesses. They also
try to change the trend, hotels, travels provides the facilities to their customer to book it online.
And they provide all information online. It creates as transparency in this industry and people
are more interest to join it. Tourism industry continuously work on the factors which affect the
growth and find out the solutions. International organizations plays important role in
development of global tourism. There are lots of threats and issues related to future
development of global tourism which are facing by them. Also, visitors can't decide to choose
the destination. Government should take the effective measures to overcome from these issues
and enhance global tourism and It can lead to increase in their economy.

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Wu, C. W., 2016. Destination loyalty modeling of the global tourism. Journal of Business
Research. 69(6). pp.2213-2219.
Pulido-Fernández, J. I. and Rodríguez-Díaz, B., 2016. Reinterpreting the World Economic
Forum's global tourism competitiveness index. Tourism Management Perspectives. 20.
pp.131-140.
Milano, C., Cheer, J. M. and Novelli, M., 2018. Overtourism: a growing global problem. The
Conversation.
Dearborn, L. M. and Stallmeyer, J. C., 2016. Inconvenient heritage: erasure and global tourism
in Luang Prabang. Routledge.
Höpken, W., Fuchs, M. and Lexhagen, M., 2018. Big Data Analytics for Tourism Destinations.
In Encyclopedia of Information Science and Technology, Fourth Edition. (pp. 349-363).
IGI Global.
Pratt, S. and Liu, A., 2016. Does tourism really lead to peace? A global view. International
Journal of Tourism Research. 18(1). pp.82-90.
Sardak, S., 2016. Global innovations in tourism.
Jurigová, Z. and Lencsésová, Z., 2015. Monitoring system of sustainable development in cultural
and mountain tourism destinationWu, C. W., 2016. Destination loyalty modeling of the
global tourism. Journal of Business Research. 69(6). pp.2213-2219.
Pulido-Fernández, J. I. and Rodríguez-Díaz, B., 2016. Reinterpreting the World Economic
Forum's global tourism competitiveness index. Tourism Management Perspectives. 20.
pp.131-140.
Milano, C., Cheer, J. M. and Novelli, M., 2018. Overtourism: a growing global problem. The
Conversation.
Dearborn, L. M. and Stallmeyer, J. C., 2016. Inconvenient heritage: erasure and global tourism
in Luang Prabang. Routledge.
Höpken, W., Fuchs, M. and Lexhagen, Ms. Journal of Competitiveness.
Costa, J., Montenegro, M. and Gomes, J., 2017. Lessons from companies and destinations
while “surfing the wave of global tourism”. Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes.
9(6). pp.685-688.
Online
Tate, B., 2015. Growth tourist destinations around the world. [Online]. Available Through:
<https://slideplayer.com/slide/7855588/>.
China Tourism. 2019. [Online]. Available Through:
<https://www.travelchinaguide.com/tourism/>.
Number of inbound visits to the United Kingdom (UK) from 1st quarter 2015 to 1st
quarter, 2019. [Online]. Available Through:
<https://www.statista.com/statistics/518938/inbound-visits-united-kingdom-uk-
by-quarter/>.
Spending of international tourists in France from 2012 to 2028. 2019. [Online]. Available
Through: <https://www.statista.com/statistics/644763/international-tourist-
spending-visitor-exports-france/>.
Now, slowdown bug bites tourism sector. 2019. [Online]. Available Through:
<https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/economy/now-slowdown-bug-bites-
tourism-sector/article29411118.ece>.

Brazil Tourist Arrivals. 2019. [Online]. Available Through:
<https://tradingeconomics.com/brazil/tourist-arrivals>.
Number of tourist arrivals to Mauritius from 2013 to 2023. 2019. [Online]. Available
Through: <https://www.statista.com/statistics/801358/tourist-arrivals-mauritius/
>.
Why China will soon be the world's top destination for tourists. 2019. [Online]. Available
Through: <https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2018/11/china-will-be-the-world-s-
top-tourist-destination-by-2030/>.