Global Tourism Destinations

This assignment focuses on the scale and nature of global tourism, growth and characteristics of key emerging markets and destination regions, roles of key organizations in the development of global tourism, and threats, issues, and challenges to the future development of global tourism.

GLOBAL TOURISM
DESTINATIONS

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
LO 1.................................................................................................................................................1
P 1 Statistics to accurately present an overview of the nature and trends of tourism on a global
scale..............................................................................................................................................1
P 2 Characteristics of key tourist generating and receiving areas of the world...........................5
LO 2.................................................................................................................................................5
P 3 Reasons for the growth of key global tourism generating and receiving areas of the world 5
P 4 Differences between a range of emerging global tourism destinations.................................6
LO 3.................................................................................................................................................7
P5 investigate role and responsibilities of international organisations in development of global
tourism.........................................................................................................................................7
LO 4.................................................................................................................................................7
P6 Review significance of threats, issues and challenges to future development of global
tourism.........................................................................................................................................7
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................7
REREFENCES................................................................................................................................8

INTRODUCTION
Tourism can be defined as a travel which is for pleasure or for business. It includes
activities sightseeing, campaigning, visiting new places and many more. It has been observed
that disposable income of people is continuously increasing. Due to this increasing disposable
income of people tourism is increasing at global level (Morrison, 2018). In order to attract a
greater number of local and international tourist, generate and receive a greater number of
customers many countries are focusing upon adopting different kinds of strategies in order to
attract visitors, focusing upon development of their infrastructure so that a greater number of
tourists visit their region. Tourism industry has provide itself as a billion dollar industry which is
helping countries to increase their GDP or economy for development of their country or region.
This assignment will lay emphasis upon scale and nature of global tourism, growth and
characteristics of key emerging markets and destination regions, roles of key organisations in the
development of global tourism and threats, issues and challenges to the future development of
global tourism.
LO 1
P 1 Statistics to accurately present an overview of the nature and trends of tourism on a global
scale
Tourism industry is one such industry which is experiencing continuous growth and is
one of the fastest growing economic sectors (Pulido-Fernández and Rodríguez-Díaz, 2016).
Tourism industry also helps in increasing overall GDP of a country and helps in strengthening
overall economy of a nation. If overall data of past years is compared then it can be said that
tourist arrival at world wide tourism places is continuously increasing. Today tourism industry is
a billion dollar industry.
1

Figure 1 international Tourist arrival by world region
Above figure clearly explains that international tourist arrival world wide is continuously
increasing globally all the tourist place present in the world. In past 68 years it has increased up
to 1.4 billion international arrival per year which is a drastic increasing in tourist arrival.
If overall world economy is compared in terms of GDP them in past 10 years world
economy in terms of visitors spending in this sector has only increased. It was highest in 2017
but reduced a bit in 2018.
Figure 1 International tourism receipts and world GDP in terms of % change
2

Figure 1 International tourist arrivals (million) and tourism receipts (USD billion) graph
Figure 1 International tourist arrival and tourist receipts till 2019
All the above three graphs clearly explain tourist arrival receipts generated by tourist till
2019. They clearly explain that in past 10 years receipts generated by tourist has increased
drastically. People spend approximately 10 % of their disposable income in travelling and
visiting tourist places.
3

Figure 1 International Tourist arrival by region till 2018
Figure 1 International tourism receipts by region till 2018
From the above two graph it is clear that Europe is one of those tourist destinations where
number of international tourist arrival is highest that in order to continuously increase this tourist
arrival, they have brought approximately 5 % chance within their tourist places. But in terms of
tourist receipts Asia and the pacific is highest and they have brought approximately 7 % changes
within their tourism. There are various kinds of countries in the world for whom foreign revenue
is extremely important and for this international tourism plays a vital and important role. It is an
important component of export diversification for both advance and emerging economies. If
world region wise market share of countries and continent is seen then Europe holds 51 % of
market share (International tourism statistics, 2019). It also helps in generating approximately
5% of their overall economy. Other than this in terms of fastest growing region Europe is in first
place with 51 % market share and Asia and the pacific is the second largest with 25% of market
share.
4

Moreover, it is analysed that there are some trends which is emerging in it. The green
tourism is related to maintain sustainability in it. Now, focus is on green hotel, Resort etc where
people can spend quality time. Along with it, eco tourism is emerging trend in it where It
involves visiting of natural areas and carrying out environmental friendly activities over there in
order to make travellers feel like connected to earth. This type of tourism when adopted by
organization can assist them in developing local communities and generating income for that
area.
P 2 Characteristics of key tourist generating and receiving areas of the world
Characteristics of an area are the main factor that helps in differentiating between tourism
generating and receiving areas. There are many countries who generate large amount of tourism
in world. They are France, US, Spain, Italy etc. These are having some key features which is
stated as
Natural attraction- it is one feature which helps in attracting tourists. The natural and man made
destination such as natural park, wildlife sanctuary, landscape, etc and man made attraction like
culture, monument are characteristic of it. Furthermore, traditional factor is also included in it.
Climate- it is another characteristic which helps in generating tourism. The climate is allows
people to visit destination. It is highly suitable for individual and most time is moderate.
Tourism receiving areas
The tourism receiving area are China, Germany, UK etc. They are also having certain
characteristics which is defined as
Political stability- it is a characteristic of area in which there is high politicsl stability. It enables
in attracting people ti visit nation.
Cultural activities- this is another feature of area due to which people like to visit. It provide an
opportunity to explore and know about cultural activity and history of area.
Other events- in this there are various types of events which is being conducted and organised in
that area. So, for particular event that area is famous. This results in attracting people to attend
event and visit area.
So, there is difference between characteristics of tourism generating and receiving areas.
However, in receiving areas there is high potential to attract tourist as it provides better facilities
and services. Besides that, the area help in exploring culture and its history. People are more
interested in visiting those areas where there is something new to learn. They do not like
5

landscape and natural attraction but wants to get engage with society and other events. Thus, it is
reason of receiving more tourists as compared to generation areas.
LO 2
P 3 Reasons for the growth of key global tourism generating and receiving areas of the world
There are various reasons because of which growth of global tourism generating and
receiving areas is increasing continuously. Some of the main reason behind growth of tourism
generating and receiving areas are:
 Geographical appeal of tourism destination is one of the main reasons because of which
tourist get attracted towards a tourist destination. Geographical appeal and beauty of a place
helps a region to generate tourism attract both local and international tourist. Locations such
as beach resorts, national parks, islands, protected landscape, wildlife reserve etc. are specific
and important geographical areas that helps a place to generate and receive tourism. In order
to increase tourist, visit to a place government continuously work on such places and its
beauty so that a greater number of people visit that place.
 Another reason because of which growth of key global tourism generating and receiving
areas of the world is increasing is historical and cultural appeal of tourism destination.
History and culture of a place helps in attracting a greater number of tourists as there are
many architectures, monuments, places cultural traditional festivals, dresses and many more
that are related to history and culture of a place (Coca-Stefaniak and Morrison, 2018). These
are the things that attract people and influence them to visit a tourist destination which
further help the tourist destination to grow, generate and receive tourism.
 More disposable income of people is another one of the main reasons because of which
growth of key global tourism generating and receiving areas of the world. Easy affordability
and availability of travel and tourism services and facilities has also helped tourism
destinations to generate and receive tourism both locally and internationally. This is majorly
because today in more than 60 percent of families both the parents work and earn because of
which disposable income of families has increased which has eventually because of which it
has become quite easy and cheap for families to afford visit tourist generating and receiving
6

destinations. Families also use travelling such tourist destination as a way to escaping daily
routine duties and responsibilities and as a way of enjoyment.
 There are 4 A’s kinds services that helps in generating and receiving tourism within a
destination. These are known as attraction, amenities, access and ancillary services. These 4
A’s helps in management of tourism services and is one of the most important components
that helps destination in generation and receiving tourism within a place (Milano, Cheer and
Novelli, 2018). These Four A’s are: Attractions, Amenities, Access and Ancillary Services.
Amenities’ such as food, beverages, guide, hotels etc. are maintained by local or international
business organizations so that all the amenities are available to the tourist easily without any
issues. Accessibility within a tourist destination is maintained by the government and private
organizations by increasing availability of Transportation infrastructure, transportation
services within a destination. Attraction is maintained by local communities like Natural,
cultural, specific attractions etc. Ancillary services within a tourism destination is maintained
by government so that Tourism board, tourism associations, tourism communities etc. can
remain updated.
These reasons can be linked to destination life cycle. Destination life cycle is used to
explain development of successive stage that they go though over time. First stage of destination
life cycle is involvement and exploration stage where visitors explore unknown and new places.
Development of a place can help in increasing attraction of place and visitors will focus upon
exploring the place. Second stage is segregation i.e. if a country wants to attract a greater number
of local and international customers then they need to focus upon bringing continuous
development within the place. It is one of the best ways that can help in increasing tourist
attraction for a place. But when a tourist destination has been developed completely and cannot
accept any more tourist visit then it enters into Stagnation stage. But due to advancement in
technology many countries are focusing upon adopting advance technology so that accept a
greater number of tourists in order to increase revenue generation and profitability. This stage is
known as Rejuvenation stage.
P 4 Differences between a range of emerging global tourism destinations
There is a huge difference between emerging global tourism destination. There are
various kinds of factors because of which growth within specific market or destination are
increasing.
7

 Due to increasing global tourism, many global tourism destinations have brought changes
within their visa restrictions so that they can generate and receive more tourism. Many
emerging global tourism destinations are continuously focusing upon effective target
marketing campaign in order to increase tourism and increase overall economy of the
country. many emerging global tourism destinations are continuously focusing upon bringing
improvement within infrastructure (Glaesser and et. al., 2017). Bringing improvement within
infrastructure helped tourism destinations to enhance beauty of their infrastructure and attract
more local and international tourism. These factors lead global tourism destinations towards
growth, increased tourism and enhanced economy of the country by generating more
revenue.
 There are various kinds of strategies and tactics used by emerging tourism destination in
order to attract tourism at their region. These strategies and tactics are quite important for
tourism destination in order to receive and generate revenue. One of the most common
strategy is to go all-in with online advertisements. Tourism destination places focuses upon
online advertisements so that they can convey their message to their target tourist customers,
provide great offer to tourist who are planning to visit that region. This helps them to
generate more tourism. Becoming data driven is another tactic which helps tourist destination
to increase tourism within their region (Glaesser and et. al., 2017). For this most of the
emerging tourist destinations focus upon knowledge more about their customers so that they
can understand type of visitors visit their country, reason because of which they visit their
region how much on an average they spend and duration they visit the place.
LO 3
P5 investigate role and responsibilities of international organisations in development of global
tourism
There are various international organisation which are formed to regulate and monitor global
tourism. The purpose is to ensure that tourism company follow policy. Along with it, they make
efforts in development of tourism and creating awareness. Moreover, there are certain roles and
responsibilities which are to be performed by them. It varies in different organizations. They are
defined as
UNWTO- it was formed in 1978 and play significant role in forming of policy and promoting
sustainabike tourism. They are responsible for framing of draft for agreement between tourists
8

countries. They identify needs of developing countries and helps in fulfilling it. Moreover, by
organising seminar awareness is created by them on various issues in tourism.
IATA- the international air transport association is role is to provide a single formula for air
ticket. They develop common rules and regulations related to air transport. Furthermore, they are
responsible for providing safety and security to tourists. The organization focus on maintaining
sustainability during air travel. In this way they develop global tourism
World travel and tourism council (WTTC)- the council role is to work on three programs and
initiatives that are freedom to travel, policies for growth and tourism for tomorrow. Through that,
council works in such a way to solve issues and plan for growth of tourism at global level. They
are responsible for ensuring that all travel and tourism operator make combone effort in offering
services and policies are followed.
Therefore, these all international organisation play their role in effective way. They ensure
that their is fair trade between all countries and tour company follow similar norms and policies.
Moreover, sustainability is maintained and issues occurring in this sector is solved. Besides that,
strategies and plans are made for future and development and relevant steps are to ensure
sustainability of tourism.
LO 4
P6 Review significance of threats, issues and challenges to future development of global tourism
In every industry there are several threats and challenges which they have to face in future.
These highly impact on their growth and development. Thus, it is necessary to identify tjose
threats so that appropriate and relevant meaures are taken. It enables in minimising impact. Also,
strategies and plans are developed on basis of issues and challenges. Likewise, in global tourism
there will occur several challenges which will affect on its growth. They are described as below
Covid 19- it is a recent pandemic which is main challenge in development of global tourism.
This will highly impact of tourism growth. Due to it, many people will avoid visiting or traveling
of other countries. Along with it, in all types of transport social distancing will become
mandatory. Moreover, country will also avoid that other nation citizen visit them due to this
pandemic. Also, those who are found to be ill will not be allowed to travel. Hence, this is major
challenge in future for tourism industry. People will not prefer to go to place where this disease
is found or people are highly affected due to it.
9

Security and safety- this is another issue or challenge in global tourism. The safety and security
of tourists from various things such as theft, robbery etc will be a concern. This needs to be
solved and country need to ensure that tourists feel safe and provide them all safety and security.
However, rise in poverty due to covid 19 will led to more crimes within a country. Thus, it will
affect on growth of global tourism.
Terrorism- it will be also be a concern in future in tourism sector. An increase in terrorist attack
or risk of it on many countries will affect on tourism growth. It will be difficult for country to
ensure that attacks does not occur and provide security to tourists.
Sustainability- this will also be a challenge which affect on global tourism. The rise in pollution
and its affect on lifestyle of people. It will be difficult for tourism company to follow and
practice CSR policy and protect ecosystem. Thus, sustainability will be a challenge in growth of
tourism at global level.
Thus, these all are challenge or issues which will impact of tourism to a great extent. It will
require a long time that is 3-5 years for industry to cope up with the threat and develop measure
to mitigate its impact.
CONCLUSION
It is concluded from above that global tourism will be highly impacted due to covid 19. There
will be high decline in traveling of people from one place to another. Also, there are various
trends which is occurring in it such as green , eco tourism, that will change entire industry. The
characteristics of key tourism generating area is sustainability, eoc friendly etc moreover, there
are many reasons of growth of global tourism that are cultural and historic appeal, disposable
income of people, four A's etc the role of international organisation is to ensure safety and
security, maintain sustainability etc Furthermore, there are several issues and challenges which
will be faced in global tourism they are covid 19, safety and security, sustainability and many
others.
10

REREFENCES
Books and Journals
Asongu, S.A., Nnanna, J. and Acha-Anyi, P.N., 2019. Contemporary drivers of global tourism:
evidence from terrorism and peace factors. Journal of Travel & Tourism
Marketing, 36(3), pp.345-357.
Coca-Stefaniak, A. and Morrison, A.M., 2018. City tourism destinations and terrorism–a
worrying trend for now, but could it get worse?. International Journal of Tourism Cities.
Glaesser, D., and et. al., 2017. Global travel patterns: an overview. Journal of travel
medicine, 24(4).
Lin, Z., You, K. and Demir, E., 2019. Segmenting global tourism markets: A panel club
convergence approach. Annals of Tourism Research, 75, pp.165-185.
Milano, C., Cheer, J.M. and Novelli, M., 2018. Overtourism: a growing global problem. The
Conversation, 18.
Morrison, A.M., 2018. Marketing and managing tourism destinations. Routledge.
Niewiadomski, P., 2020. COVID-19: from temporary de-globalisation to a re-discovery of
tourism?. Tourism Geographies, pp.1-6.
Pulido-Fernández, J.I. and Rodríguez-Díaz, B., 2016. Reinterpreting the World Economic
Forum's global tourism competitiveness index. Tourism Management Perspectives, 20,
pp.131-140.
Scott, D., Hall, C.M. and Gössling, S., 2019. Global tourism vulnerability to climate
change. Annals of Tourism Research, 77, pp.49-61.
Zhaojie, D., Xuefen, L.. and Gang, C., 2019, August. Construction of the Global Tourism
Platform Based on the" Internet+" Background. In 2019 14th International Conference
on Computer Science & Education (ICCSE) (pp. 262-265). IEEE.
Online
International tourism statistics. 2019. [Online]. Available though:
<https://www.e-unwto.org/doi/pdf/10.18111/9789284421152>
11