Global Tourism Destinations

Global Tourism
Destinations

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
LO 1.................................................................................................................................................1
Interpretation of statistics to represent the nature and trends of tourism in global context ...1
How Scale and nature of tourism on a global level influenced by the emerging economies.3
Investigate about the features of key tourist receiving and generating areas in worldwide
context....................................................................................................................................4
Critically evaluate the impact of both key and emerging markets, and significant factors
affecting global tourism..........................................................................................................5
LO 2.................................................................................................................................................6
Reasons for global tourism growth.........................................................................................6
Comparison between global tourism destinations..................................................................7
Comparison between different international destinations .....................................................8
Evaluation and comparison of factors that drives tourism trends .........................................9
LO 3...............................................................................................................................................10
Investigation of roles played by International organisations ...............................................10
Evaluation of importance of key organisations in development and growth of tourism .....11
LO 4...............................................................................................................................................11
Importance of issues, challenges and threats for future global tourism development .........11
Analysation of implications of challenges, issues and threats ............................................12
Recommendations................................................................................................................12
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................13
REFERENCES .............................................................................................................................13
Books and Journals...............................................................................................................13

INTRODUCTION
Tourism is considered as one of these fastest developing industries in terms of
employment, GDP and revenues. Global tourism is defined as travelling of an individual at
different destinations and places outside the national borders. In accordance with the statement
given by world tourism firms, number of people preferring international tourism for vacations,
business trips, exploring new places etc. are increasing on a fast pace. This can help a country in
stabilising their economy via tourism activities (Adeleke and Ogunsusi, 2019). This assignment
report is going to cover about different statistics so that an overview for trends and nature of
tourism can be given. Also, characteristics of tourist receiving and generating areas along with
specific reason of tourism growth are mentioned. Other than this, comparing and contrasting
between emerging global destinations is carried out in brief context. Also, responsibilities and
roles of international companies in developing global tourism is discussed. In the last section,
significance associated with issues, challenges and threats in future development of tourism are
carried out.
LO 1
Interpretation of statistics to represent the nature and trends of tourism in global context
Nature of tourism is variable and changes at a fast pace due to the changing preference
and taste of people on regular basis. As interest of people for a destination modifies, this impacts
the popularity of that place in a considerable manner. In past time, people use to travel so that
they can they can satisfy their basic needs like food, shelter, clothing etc. But at present, most of
the people travel to spend quality time with their family and friends. Hence, in comparison to
past, nature of tourism has varied in a significant manner (Amore, 2019).
Statistics for tourism destination
National tourism
In case of UK, approximately 3.5 million people in 2019 have preferred to travel overseas
so that they can visit different destinations. In comparison with the records of previous year,
global tourism has encountered a hike of 9%. Also, people which visits UK in recent time have
spend around £2.3 billion during their visits. This shows that people are highly interesting in
travelling and tourism and this ratio increases every year.
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For international tourism
In case of tourism at international level, total number of tourist arriving for the year of
2017 is mentioned here. For Europe, number of tourists are around 671 millions, USA- 207
millions, Africa- 65 millions, middle-East – 58 millions. After 2017, these figures are constantly
increasing by passing time due to which increase in development of tourism sector is enhanced
exponentially. In the year of 2018, total revenue generated by this sector is approx, 1.45 trillions
USD (Becken and Shuker, 2019).
This graph states shows the number of tourists in millions which have travelled to global
destinations from the year of 1950 to 2020. as per this graph, number of people have increased
only due to which it can be said that people are highly interested in exploring new places in
global context (Benckendorff, Xiang and Sheldon, 2019).
Trends in travel and tourism industry
Tourism and travel sector is changing on regular basis due to the varying expectations of
customers. These changes depends upon the latest trends which are emerging in market. Below
are mentioned some latest trends of tourism industry:
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 Last minute booking: This is the latest trend which is widely observed in travel and
tourism sector. This is because now a days people are very busy due to which they do not
prefer to pre-plan their trips. If they wish to visit some destination or place, they prefer to
do booking at the last minute (Boora and Gupta, 2019). According to the survey which is
conducted in 2018, around 39% people agree that they prefer to do reservations and
booking at last minute.
 Ecotourism: In this tourism, travellers explores those natural places which are
undisturbed by mankind. At present, most of the people are interested in travelling and
exploring those areas that are new and mysterious. Due to this, trend of ecotourism is
very high now a days. Due to emerging technology, it is possible for visitors to interact
with their tour operators and manager everything as per their expectations.
World's best tourist destinations and changes in them over time
There exist various popular destinations which are mostly preferred by travellers due to
most soothing experience and unforgettable memories. In case of UK, best tourism destinations
are Roman-Era Bath, London, Medieval York etc. It is acknowledge that more than 35 million
people every year visit these destinations due to which UK government is able to earn around
£13.29 billion per annum . In case of international tourism, most famous destinations are France
and Mexico. In France, famous destinations are Eiffel Tower, Versailles, Louvre and Arc de
Triomphe. Most of the people prefers to visit them while travelling to France. Mexico is popular
for destinations like Agua Azul, Sumidero Canyon etc.
How Scale and nature of tourism on a global level influenced by the emerging economies
There exist different emerging economics which posses high contribution towards global
tourism development. These developments has been identified in both nature and scale of
tourism. According to the estimations, China which is an emerging economy has GDP around
82.7 trillion yuan which is near about 7% increment. Other than this, India which has the biggest
tourism industry contributes around 6.23% to GDP and approx 9% to national employment.
Hence, emerging economies are greatly impacted by increased tourism.
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Investigate about the features of key tourist receiving and generating areas in worldwide context
Travel and tourism sector not only permits the individuals to identify and explore new
places but also provide useful information about different destinations (Cassidy and Hume,
2019). Due to this, interest of people in travelling increases and they spends money to plan their
trips. This benefits a country in achieving high economic growth. There are some nations which
are very popular in context with visitors arrival. Some of these nations are mentioned beneath:
Country Number of visitors (millions)
Spain 81.8
Mexico 40.4
Turkey 39.6
United States 75.9
Italy 58.3
In accordance with above given table, it can be summarised that out of all the countries
mentioned above, most of the people prefers to visit Spain. People have chose these destinations
are their favourite place due to their unique characteristics (Cheer, Milano and Novelli, 2019).
Those permanent destinations which gains the attention of most number of people are considered
as tourism-generating destinations. Some of examples in this context are Eiffel Tower in France,
Tower of London in UK etc. On the other hand, tourism receiving areas are those events and
places which have visiting and tourism activities for a limited time period. These places also
gain attention of customers for some time, due to which good amount of revenues and profits are
gained.
Characteristics of Tourism generating areas are:
 Demographics: This factor include age, gender, income and other demographic aspects.
In case of destinations like France, demographic of region is high and people living their
prefers to perform employment jobs related with travelling. Due to this, travellers get
right guidance and maximum people prefer to come for visits without giving a second
thought.
 Economic: People of these regions have good income due to which their living standard
is high. This attracts the visitors and they wish to go there to spend quality time. For
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example, Mexico is a developed nation where people are economically prosperous. Due
to this, government of Mexico is able to develop infrastructure in a proper manner. Large
number of beautiful destinations at Mexico influence travellers for visits through out the
year.
Characteristics of Tourism receiving areas are:
 Environment: There are some situation in which environment of a region helps in
getting the attention of travellers. For example, Green film festival which is held in UK.
This event attracts the attention of customers in high number but for a limited time.
 Culture: It plays an important role in attracting and gaining the attention of customers.
For example, Disneyland, Tomorrowland etc. In case of Germany, it is musical festival
which is introduced at seasonal basis. These events are attended by attendees around
globe due to which high revenues are generated by them (Jovicic, 2019).
Critically evaluate the impact of both key and emerging markets, and significant factors affecting
global tourism
Influence of Key and emerging market on global tourism is positive because in order to
stabilise their economy via tourism activities, each nation is improving their tourism. There are
different factors in emerging and key markets which impacts global tourism like environment,
culture, demography, geography and economics. For example, Geography of key tourism areas is
very attractive due to which people either with their family or friends prefer to visit them. For
example, Eiffel tower in Paris is considered as the most beautiful and tallest tower due to which
individuals prefer to visit it (Isaac, Çakmak and Butler, 2019). Hence, geography of a destination
impacts global tourism in a considerable manner.
The emerging economies and repaid changing attitude and behaviour of individuals are
giving a boost for global tourism as with the increase in the disposable income people wishes to
spend more on tour and travel. Apart from this the significant factors that is affecting global
tourism is mainly related with the policy of government of various nation which aim at
increasing level of tourism in their nation as they offer better job opportunity and also provide a
simple way for a nation to have and earn better foreign currency to enhance its foreign reserve
which lead to a stable economic. Thus, the new market trends and emerging policy of
government are also in support of global tourism.
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LO 2
Reasons for global tourism growth
Tourism industry has been growing up to a large extent in today's world and for this,
there are different reasons which is behind its overall development. According to WTTC, last
year, travel and tourism industry had grown up to 3.9%, that is above GDP growth at
international level which is contributed around $8.8 trillion which helps in providing million
jobs for the world economy. As per this report, it has been illustrated that industries of tourism
and travel had generated 10.4% out of the global economy activities. There are different reasons
behind the growth and development of global tourism which are elaborated as follows-
Geographical Appeal- One of the important reason behind the growth and development
of travel and tourism organisation is its geographical appeal. There are various factors which
comes under geographical appeal, such as, coastal areas, wildlife, resorts, beaches, national
parks, islands, and so on. In today's world the main reason behind the increased growth rate of
tourism sector is that people are attracted towards destination's beauty by seeing their
advertisement upon television and social media application. In previous time, people are unaware
about the beautiful destinations such as Maldives, Kerala, Bali, etc. But due to increase
advertisement, they are getting aware about the existence of this destination (Merenheimo and
Rusko, 2019). For example, beautiful and attractive islands of Maldives has become the centre of
attraction for couples to spend their quality time and adventurous wildlife of Africa had made it
very attractive and appealing to people who like adventures.
Cultural and Historical Factors- Another factor which lead to growth in travel and
tourism sector is historical and cultural factors. People now a days are attracted towards heritage,
history, culture of a particular destination. Because of awareness regarding heritage and culture,
people are getting themselves more involved in this. Historical museums, monuments, temples
and old churches has been become centre of attractions among many tourists. For instance, Egypt
display its heritage and culture that helps in making it among the largest attractive destination for
tourists. It has various point of attractions which display its culture such as Giza Pyramids, Great
Sphinx, valley of kings, Sinai's coastal areas, and so on. Another example of destination that
displays cultural and historical factors is India such as its historical monument, Taj Mahal is
visited by thousands tourists every day due to its history (Park, Kim and Yeoman, 2019).
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4 A's of destinations- One of the main reason behind growth and development of travel
and tourism organisations is 4 A's of destinations which are attractions, ancillary, amenities and
access. These are elaborated as follows- Attractions: This factor reflects the attractive factor which can lead to increase of tourism
in a specific destination. There are two kinds of attractions such as man made and natural
attractions. Natural attractions includes climate, mountains, beaches, natural beauty, and
so on. For instance, the beautiful wild life adventures in South Africa, Mount Fuzi in
Japan, Blue Beach in US, and so on. Mad made attractions are the buildings and
monuments build up by human resource. For instance, Disney Lands, museums, casinos,
discos, etc. Accessibility- It refers to transportation mode that helps people in reaching towards their
destination. It refers to air, water and surface transportation, for instance, airways,
railways, ships, and so on. Accommodation- It refers to staying and food facilities that are required by visitors and
guests. It includes hotels, resorts, villas, holiday homes, village resorts, and so on. Due to
increase in number of hotels, the number of tourists is also increasing which is increasing
the growth of tourism industry.
 Amenities- These refers to extra facilities which are required by guests while travelling. It
includes tracking, sunrise, Cinema, festivals, internet, dance, music, and so on. For
instance Angkor Wat, Cambodia is famous for its sunrise and sunset which attracts
thousands of tourists (Pham, Andereck and Vogt, 2019).
Comparison between global tourism destinations
Tourism life cycle is a process which is developed to explain development and successive
stages of a specific destination in which people love to visit. There are 6 different stages which a
particular destination have to go through. These stages are elaborated as follows-
Exploration: In exploration stage, people develop a place which is attractive as per its
culture, natural beauty, landscape, and so on. It helps in exploration of new places which others
visit again and again (Porter, 2019).
Involvement: In this stage, local people start noticing at enhanced visitors number in their
place. In this condition, such people start their own business in order to provide food, amenities,
and transportation to tourists.
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Development: In development stage, large scale corporations start in analysing tourists
number in particular area and than identify different chances which are available within specific
place. Than they build up restaurants, hotels, complexes, and so on for the purpose to provide job
opportunities to local people.
Consolidation: Due to enhancement in interest in other businesses, results in reduction in
their contribution in another activities such as fishing, farming, etc. It affects the overall
economic growth which can affect other industries.
Stagnation: This stage came into action when the amount of competition is high which
can result in reduced business growth and particular destination which is helping in tourism
development.
Decline: In the decline stage, the point of stagnation can result in deduction in popularity
of a particular destination which was popular because of large tourists number.
Comparison between different international destinations
Various destinations differ from each other in many contexts, such as the strategies
adopted by these places, forces which can help in growth and success of these destinations and
the tourism destination life cycle (Prideaux and Yin, 2019). In context to this, there are two
destinations are selected which are Great Wall of China and British Museum are compares on
various basis as follows-
Basis of Comparison British Museum Great Wall of China
Overview British Museum is situated in
London, UK and i9s
determined as a public
institution which is dedicated
towards human history, art and
culture. It was established in
the year 1753 and was first
public national museum in
world.
This destination is old and
ancient wall situated in China.
It is 21,196 km long and 9.1
wide and it is 15 meter in
height (Prideaux, 2019).
Destination life cycle stage In destination life cycle, this
destination at stagnation stage
Great wall of China is at
declining stage as its craze is
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as right now, there is high
amount of competition that is
existing in market.
reducing day by day as it is
very old destination and people
already had visited this place.
Strategies employed The strategy which can be
adopted by this destination is
social media strategy. It has a
page on several social media
applications like Facebook,
Twitter, Instagram, etc. and it
has around 4 million followers
in it.
The strategy adopted by this
destination is that it has a
powerful history which helps
in demonstrating it heritage
and culture.
Future forecasts In future, British Museum will
use artificial intelligence in its
museum which includes
aircraft, clothes, robots,
software, and so on (Futurist
Keynote, London: The Future
of Artificial Intelligence,
British Museum, 2019).
Great wall of China is
preparing itself for future
failure and will adopt
important measures to tackle
economic challenges.
Factors driving growth The factor that results in
growth of this destination is
that it is appealing for eyes and
is attractive. Another factor is
that it includes large building
in entire Europe that results in
developing eagerness of
people for visiting this place.
The factor due to which it has
become one of the most visited
tourism place is historical
factors as this destination has
long history and it is said that
great wall of China can be seen
from space.
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Evaluation and comparison of factors that drives tourism trends
There are certain destinations that are famous because of various strategies and factors
which are applied by them. Such factors are vital for development and growth of a particular
tourist place. For example, British Museum that is located in London is appealing tourism centre
among the tourists due to its large building in Europe. On the other hand, Great wall of China
depicts and demonstrate the history of CHINA (Scott, Hall and Gössling, 2019).
The key factors that affect and drive tourism statistical trends includes Geographical
Appeal, Cultural and Historical Factors, Attractions, Accessibility, Accommodation and
Amenities. The geographical and easily accessibility of a destination attracts more customers as
it become easy and also facilitates convince in travelled. Cultural and historical elements of a
destination attract the individuals who are lover of great arts and sculpture thus, enhance statical
revenue and trends of these destination. The other facilities like easily available accommodation
and other amenities ensure availability of all basic items like food, etc. thus attract larger number
of visitors.
LO 3
Investigation of roles played by International organisations
A global business entity is determined as an organisation that is established by other
instruments which is governed by global law and it possess its international legal personality.
International travel and tourism organisation has major role and is responsible to enhance global
travel development and growth. The examples which can be taken for such enterprises are
International air transport Association, United Nation World Tourism Organisation, European
travel Commission and so on. There are certain specific roles played by such enterprises which
are-
Deduction in Tourism constraints- Global organisations like World Tourism serves
significant part for reduction in barriers that has impact upon tourism at international level. Also,
such enterprises helps in reducing political as well as territorial barriers to encourage tourists to
travel at global level (Sun, 2019). When these barriers reduced than it serves tourism industry to
enhance global tourism. It also helps in effectively enhancing index rate of global tourism.
Stipulation of Tourism packages- UNWTO has been considered among the leading and
large international organisation which helps for developing tourism as a whole. They are also
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responsible for managing barriers and crises that can negatively affect tourism industry. It also
offers appealing and attractive tourism packages for tourists to travel different places.
Evaluation of importance of key organisations in development and growth of tourism
International business entities helps in playing an important role for growth and
development of tourism sectors. These organisations helps in making people aware about the
existence of a particular destination by promoting them among different people. Organisations
like UNWTO is highly responsible to reduce barriers that affect industry of tourism at
international level. It helps to provide travelling packages to people which attracts visitors and
also aids to promote many tourism centres for attracting customers (Têtu, Dawson and Lasserre,
2019).
The organisation like UNWTO and European travel Commission and so on plays a
significant role in growth and development of global tourism as they Played a significant role in
making nations more integrated and reduce the legal consequences and other political
interference to give a boost to global tourism. Beside this efforts are also made by these
organisation to provide a much safe and risk free destination to tourist to ensure their journey
will remain free from all terrorist threats and other risk. Apart from this theses organisation also
lead to better transformation and other facilities and services to visitors and travellers are also
provided to encourage them to plan for a vacation and holiday at these destination. Thus,
UNWTO and European travel Commission and other organisation are making all possible
efforts to develop and boost global tourism.
LO 4
Importance of issues, challenges and threats for future global tourism development
There are different forces that generates certain specific challenges for developing
tourism industry due to rate of terrorism, maintaining global tourism sustainability, climatic
conditions differences. All such elements creates threats for global organisations for developing
index rate of tourism sector in future.
Safety consideration- There are different modes of transportation like aircraft, cruise
ships, aircraft, etc. which are very easy to travel to different desired destination at affordable
prices. Different threats such as safety and security of visitors which has developed certain
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challenges for international entities to thrive global tourism in a successful manner. Therefore,
these business entities helps in offering best security to people to make them feel safe.
Changing Climatic conditions- Due to climatic condition changes and increased index of
global warming can develop threat upon certain natural resources. Therefore for the purpose of
sustainable tourism, it is important for tourism sector for undertaking major and remedial
actions. For serving this purpose, it can utilise certain CSR activities and develop different
strategies to lower down negative affect of tourism upon the climatic conditions. In this,
government plays an important role to frame down certain policies to lower down carbon
activities (Adeleke and Ogunsusi, 2019).
Analysation of implications of challenges, issues and threats
Some of the important constraints of development and growth of global tourism are
terrorism and safety concerns. Due to this, there are different negative impacts of this that can be
seen upon the revenues and growth that is linked with tourism across the globe. It is also seen
that generation of terror in the minds of people is becoming apprehensive for visiting specific
destination which is prone to risk which had lead to deduction in global tourism. The biggest
thetas and issue faced by global tourism are related with the issue of safety which has lead to a
scene of fear and sacred visitors to before planing for their journey. Apart from this the issue of
climatic changes lead by global warming has increased the the chances of natural disasters and
also lead to issue of hot climatic condition at many destination which is reducing number of
visitors and leading a concern for development of global tourism. Thus, significant efforts are
need by global organisation to provide much safe and better tourist destinations to visitors to
have a bright future for global tourism.
Recommendations
There are various recommendations that can be taken by international enterprises and
government for managing future tourism development. These are-
 Certain strategies and measures can be taken for eliminating and minimising affects of
such threats which are development of contingency planning, protocols for managing
risks, programmes for recovery of disasters, and so on.
 Another thing that can be considered by international entities and government is to make
sure tourists are provided effective security and safety. For attaining this goal, there are
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certain social media campaigns and digital marketing campaigns which government can
run to generate awareness among people (Amore, 2019).
CONCLUSION
In accordance with above given report, it has been comprehended that global tourism and
associated activities plays a vital role in the success and growth of a country. Global tourism
benefits an individual to identify and explore various places so that they can enjoy and live an
experienced life. Ecotourism and last minute bookings are considered as the latest trend which
encourages people to spend quality time with their family and friend at various destinations.
With the analysis of tourism receiving and generating areas, growth in tourism can be identified.
Also, historical and geographical culture appeal of tourism assists in gaining attention of
customers so that a nation can attain high economic growth and popularity. Political and
environment are two factors which impacts the growth of tourism sector of a nation in a
considerable manner.
REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Adeleke, B. O. and Ogunsusi, K., 2019. Public transport accessibility and information to nature
tourism destinations in Lagos, Nigeria. African Research Review. 13(2). pp.96-110.
Amore, A., 2019. Tourism and Urban Regeneration: Processes Compressed in Time and Space.
Becken, S. and Shuker, J., 2019. A framework to help destinations manage carbon risk from
aviation emissions. Tourism Management. 71. pp.294-304.
Benckendorff, P. J., Xiang, Z. and Sheldon, P. J., 2019. Tourism information technology. Cabi.
Boora, S. S. and Gupta, M., 2019. Perception of Inbound Tour Operators of India Towards
Marketing Strategies of Ministry of Tourism. In Handbook of Research on International
Travel Agency and Tour Operation Management (pp. 166-183). IGI Global.
Cassidy, F. and Hume, M., 2019. Advancing the global perspective of tourism by examining
core and peripheral destinations. In Sustainable Tourism: Breakthroughs in Research
and Practice (pp. 295-312). IGI Global.
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Cheer, J. M., Milano, C. and Novelli, M., 2019. Tourism and community resilience in the
Anthropocene: accentuating temporal overtourism. Journal of Sustainable
Tourism. 27(4). pp.554-572.
Isaac, R. K., Çakmak, E. and Butler, R. eds., 2019. Tourism and Hospitality in Conflict-ridden
Destinations. Routledge.
Jovicic, D. Z., 2019. From the traditional understanding of tourism destination to the smart
tourism destination. Current Issues in Tourism. 22(3). pp.276-282.
Merenheimo, P. and Rusko, R., 2019. Digitalization as Part of Tourism Brand Development: A
Case Study on Two Christmas Destinations. In Brand Culture and Identity: Concepts,
Methodologies, Tools, and Applications (pp. 995-1021). IGI Global.
Park, E., Kim, S. and Yeoman, I. eds., 2019. Food Tourism in Asia. Springer.
Pham, K., Andereck, K. and Vogt, C., 2019. Local residents’ perceptions about tourism
development.
Porter, B. A., 2019. Global climate change and coastal tourism: recognizing problems, managing
solutions and future expectations.
Prideaux, B. and Yin, P., 2019. The disruptive potential of autonomous vehicles (AVs) on future
low-carbon tourism mobility. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research. 24(5). pp.459-
467.
Prideaux, B., 2019. Implications for tourism of a future transition to a low-carbon economy.
Scott, D., Hall, C. M. and Gössling, S., 2019. Global tourism vulnerability to climate
change. Annals of Tourism Research. 77. pp.49-61.
Sun, Y. Y., 2019. Global value chains and national tourism carbon competitiveness. Journal of
Travel Research. 58(5). pp.808-823.
Têtu, P. L., Dawson, J. and Lasserre, F., 2019. 6 The evolution and relative competitiveness of
global Arctic cruise tourism destinations. Arctic Shipping: Climate Change,
Commercial Traffic and Port Development.
Online
Futurist Keynote, London: The Future of Artificial Intelligence, British Museum. 2019. [Online].
Available Through: <https://www.fanaticalfuturist.com/2018/04/futurist-in-london-the-
future-of-artificial-intelligence-british-museum/>.
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