Impact of GMO Trade Regulations on Developing Economies

Running head: INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL LAW
International Environment Law
Name of the Student:
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INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL LAW 1
Table of Contents
1.0 Introduction................................................................................................................................2
1.1 Background of the Research..................................................................................................2
1.2 Aims of the Research.............................................................................................................3
1.3 Objectives of the Research....................................................................................................3
1.4 Research Questions................................................................................................................3
2.0 Literature Review......................................................................................................................3
2.1 Concept of GMO Trade Regulation......................................................................................3
2.2 Benefits and Risks if GMO Crops Trade...............................................................................4
2.3 Need for GMO Regulations...................................................................................................4
2.4 Impact of GMO Relations on Developing Countries............................................................5
3.0 Research Methodology..............................................................................................................5
3.1 Research Philosophy..............................................................................................................5
3.2 Research Logic......................................................................................................................5
3.3. Research Approach...............................................................................................................6
3.4 Data Collection Method.........................................................................................................6
Reference List..................................................................................................................................7

INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL LAW 2
1.0 Introduction
1.1 Background of the Research
GMO or Genetically Modified Organism can be a plant, microorganism, animal or any
other organism which depicts the feature of a changed genetic makeup which is generally
performed in a laboratory. This operation is generally carried out through genetic engineering or
transgenic technology1. Through this process a combination of plants, bacterial genes and
animals can be created which does not occur normally in nature or through the traditional
methods of cross breeding. Presently the adoption of this genetically modified crops and foods
which have been created with the help of recent innovations in the genre of agricultural
biotechnology have also gave rise to a widespread debate about the environmental, social and
cultural risks and benefits associated with GMO. It has been observed that there are differences
in terms of the evaluation of the costs and benefits of GMO among different countries. This in
turn has given rise to the adoption of completely different environmental health and safety
regulatory programs for the GMO food and crops2. These regulation gain generated different
trade conflicts which again affected the economies of the developing nations3. This research
work will focus on developing an idea about how the GMO trade rules and regulations may
affect the economy of the developing countries.
1 Abbas, Shujaat, "Trade Liberalization And Its Economic Impact On Developing And Least Developed Countries"
(2014) 13(3) Journal of International Trade Law and Policy
2 Arnell, Paul, "Greening Trade And Investment: Environmental Protection Without Protectionism By Eric
Neumayer, 2001. Earthscan, 228 Pp, ISBN 1-85383-788-1" (2014) 10(2) Corporate Social Responsibility and
Environmental Management
3 Cooper, Richard N. and Thomas Bernauer, "Genes, Trade, And Regulation: The Seeds Of Conflict In Food
Biotechnology" (2014) 83(3) Foreign Affairs