Impact of Badminton World Federation Shuttle Time Programme on Object Control Skills vs Locomotor Skills in Children

The impact of Badminton World Federation
Shuttle Time Programme in object control skills vs
locomotor skills on children

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
Background of the study
It is very necessary to engage children in physical activities so that there growth and
development takes place. It enables in improving their fundamental skills which helps them to
play different types of games. For every children basically there are three basic physical skills
required that are locomotor, control and stability. These all skills are essential in playing any
type of game. Children are highly engaged in physical education which enables them to play
games. With this they are able to learn FMS. Alongside it, by practising continuously they are
able to make improve these skills. Generally, children of age 5-11 know how to jump, sprint,
etc. Children physical growth depends on to PE. The more they engage in it FMS is enhanced
to great extent. Apart from it, for children of age 5-11 it is important that they are eligible to
play badminton. Physical education is a type of education in which different types of activities
are performed in order to maintain physical health and fitness of body. Here, children are
allowed to be included in some physical activities like running, jumping, etc. by which their
FMS are developed.
Some children are given special training to enhance their FMS. It is given for specific
time period until FMS is highly developed. Improvement in this skill enable children to
compete at high level. It also improve their performance and efficiency in sports. Many times
children learn from PE by observing others. They identify steps required in improving FMS.
It is observed that there is positive impact on FMS due to PE or training given. Also, it
support to those who are not able to learn it. The efficiency of FMS depends on how well a
child is able to practice it. Furthermore, it is observed that there are several interventions exist
which makes it difficult to provide training to children. This is observed in doing pre and pots
test results. Control skills are defined as the ability which allows an individual or athlete to
receive or move an object with higher degree of control and accuracy using a body part of the
implement.
Badminton is known to be the most played racquet sport in the world, especially in
Asia which requires actions with high intensity and short duration. (Cabello and González-
Badillo 2003). The Badminton World Federation (BWF) is recognised by the International
Olympic Committee (IOC) and the International Paralympic Committee (IPC) as the
international governing body for badminton. It became an official Olympic summer sport at
the 1992 Barcelona Olympic Games. The BTW shuttle program is a school-based intervention

that aims to develop movement skills and competencies through racket sports or through
objects control skills (Badminton World Federation, 2011). This initiative was presented in
2012 and provides a program related to badminton aiming in a well-development of FMS,
liable apply to a various sports and activities (Duncan et al. 2018).
Fundamental movements skills (FMS) are characterized by a basic learnt movement
pattern that will not occur naturally and they can be distributed into three groups: locomotion
(body motion. e.g. running), stability skills (e.g balance) and object control skills (e.g. when
catching a ball) (Gallahue et al. 2012).Previous research has emphasized that small levels of
fundamental movement skill (FMS) ability were described as a key barrier to development of
a physically active lifestyle and in the present many children present developmental delays in
FMS competence (Lubans et al. 2010; Malina et al 2008).
There is an important factor of including aerobic fitness classes with running and
endurance games into children activity. Thus, this fact will help in maintain children muscular
strength (Westcott 1982). It is important to consider in study conducted by Faigenbaum et al.
(2011) where they did not fully integrate their activity into physical education, they did
strength training as an addition for PE.
There are several interventional studies where in Physical Education (PE) has tried to
fully integrate strength training in the activities of the movement, one such of intervention is
BWF shuttle time programme (Duncan et al. 2018).
Recent studies have shown that fundamental movement skills (FMS) have an
important impact on children development encouraging the physical health and psychosocial
health (Jones et al. 2011; Lubans et al. 2010). FMS is compound by locomotor kills (jumping,
running, hopping, skipping) object-control skills (catch, throw, kick) and stability skills
(dynamic balance). The rate of higher developing FMS is more encounter in active children,
while the less skilled children are less active (Foweather 2010; Hume et al. 2008; Wrotniak, et
al. 2006). Less is known about the current level of locomotor and object-control skills of UK
children. The study conducted by Foweather (2010) showed that the prevalence of FMS skills
in a sample of 152 Liverpool primary school children aged 9-10 years old was low-moderate
for boys (from 23% to 61%) and low in girls (6% to 33%). The breakdown controlling FMS
may delay the development of sport and active lifestyle and provide a block to participation in
life as children will not have the required skills to be active.

A series of recent studies has indicated that FMS developed in childhood can be
essential in leading to specialized sports in later life (Moody et al. 2014). That is to say any
school-based FMS intervention can be significant to progress in a sport specialization later if
the children become skilled at locomotor and object-control skills. The model conducted by
Sodden et al. (2008) has shown the effects of FMS in childhood are seen later in a healthier
weight and also levels of physical activity will increase. Moreover, another study revealed
there is a correlation between low levels of FMS and overweight in boys and girls in Grades 6
and 10, where the nonoverweight boys and girls had greater locomotor and object-control
skills levels than overweight boys and girls (Anthony et al. 2003). This can suggest there are
multiple benefits in mastering the FMS during childhood as it may decrease the rate of
overweight in future life and may have beneficial factors in health and active lifestyle as
previous reported.
There has been numerous studies to investigate the difference between object-control
skills and locomotor skills, where the importance was canalized into object-control skills
demonstrated the necessity for more practice and development than locomotor skills (Cohen
et al. 2014). It was proved these types of skills necessitate more complexity and perceptual
demand than locomotor skills, requiring more rigorous skill instruction and practice (Morgan
et al. 2013).
In shuttle time programme there is a target on the development of object control skills.
In terms of FMS interventions, the object control skills development has been more important
than locomotor FMS (Morgan et al. 2013).
There is not a greater clarity on studies determining effectiveness in BWF shuttle time
programme on movement skills and competencies activities in children.
The only study conducted by Duncan et al (2018) investigated the effects of a 6-week
intervention based on the BWF shuttle time programme on FMS, weight status, motor fitness
and motivation.
The present study pursues to observe the impact of 6 weeks of BWF Shuttle Time
programme as intervention instead of statutory PE on Locomotor and object-control skills for
children ages 6-7 years old and 10-11 years old. The secondary aim is to observe if there is
any difference in object-control and locomotor skills between boys and girls. The work by
Faigenbaum et al. (2013) did not assess FMS or any component of object manipulation within
their study.