Trade Off Between Environmental Sustainability and Business Interest

This assignment delves into the trade-off between environmental sustainability and business interest, highlighting the harsh impact of resource extraction and production on the environment. It discusses the growth of economy depending on resources, cost or opportunities for businesses, and the legal authority's initiatives to create appropriate business environment policies. The assignment also references relevant studies, books, journals, and online sources to provide a comprehensive understanding of the topic.

GOVERNMENT-BUSINESS
RELATIONS - WORKSHOP
QUESTIONS

1. Why did neo-liberalism has become the dominant approach to GBR
In Neo-liberalism, neo-conservatism does not work in actual practice. It is key to
economic ideas that shape government business relations. Economic liberalisation is one of the
economical theory and it relates with ideological conviction that assist to maximize freedom for
people and reduction in the amount of state intervention to bare minimum. It is term that helps to
define patterns of government and business relations (Bice, 2014). It helps to get rid of the
restriction imposed by legal authorities on transactional movement of goods, capital and people.
Furthermore, globalisation is richer and multi-dimensional process that extends beyond
transactional economic transactions. It is one of the effective terms that helps in maintaining and
building democratic politics and securing individual liberty. In addition to it, Neo-liberalism is
term that works as to define the characteristics of human relationship. With help of redefines
citizens as consumers and their democratic choices are to be exercised by the buying and selling
process.
2. Is government useful to business in era of globalisation.
The term globalisation can be referred to as intensification of political, economic and
social relationships in global context (Brueckner and et.al., 2014). It has initiated policy of
automatic approval for foreign direct investment. In addition to it, legal authorities are rarely
follower of key economic interest or dominant capital. It is process that work to have interaction
and integration between people, companies, governments worldwide. The Government
authorities should make laws and legislation so that business activities can run effectively.
This is one of the most effective term that helps to have practices as trade and innovation
by pushing down consumer prices. It mainly related with food and clothing or the luxuries cars
and computers. It is one of complex phenomenon and involving of variety of global trends,
tendencies and expression can be used in terms of reference to historical era. In this, legal
authorities can balance the competition with social protection and controlling globalisation.
Furthermore, government plays pivotal role by allowing greater economic integration with the
adoption of market oriented policies and regulations.
3. Define the model of GBR along with Australian example.
The models related with Government business relation are developmental, co-operative
and adversarial. With use of this models, there is possibility to have generalisation that help us to
understand and analyse things properly. It always shaped by the history, culture and ideology.

Under this, it is easy to understand that business is driver of economy. In addition to it, legal
authorities should frame basic, legal and economic framework that works with law and
regulations. The government business relationship in Australia has exhibited aspect of all three
models at different time that is-
 Developmental- In the period of colonial socialism, infrastructure and protectionism.
 Co-operative- At the time of Australian settlement 1980.
 Adversarial- It has one specific economic reform agenda.
Hence, it can be said that three of the models of GBR play effective role in terms to empowers
better and improved government business relations.
4. Description on some distinguishing characteristics of GBR in USA.
There are many characteristics relates with legal authorities and business in the united
states, various has persisted with remarkable determination with help of wars, deferral and
change that leads to have highly varied industrial economy (Eklund, 2015).
1. The private ownership of capital with little public enterprise.
2. There is tendency to accomplish public purposes with help of regulations set by legal
authorities instead of ownership of government. Under this, choice for markets and
opposition to central planning to stimulate better relation.
3. There is huge amount of distributed power between legal authorities.
4. In this, highly differentiated business community includes relatively large number of
organisations that controls the activities of other firm with same purpose, host of national
associations, trade organisations are manifest individually and collectively in the process
of shaping policies to the public.
5. There is presence of remarkable stability in terms of economic, institution and legal
framework.
5. Discuss the main difference between Japanese and Chinese models.
Difference between Chinese and Japanese business model- In japan there is modern
economic power as its economy is currently second largest in world. The traditional Japanese
business model has relied on its own national resources form of staff, partners and capital. There
was high political stability, business was earning revenue and unemployment conditions were
low (Gilberthorpe and Hilson, 2016). The business production of Japanese companies was
making high quality products at lower production cost. In addition to it, global competition is

forcing Japanese firms to cut cost by changing companies’ names. In this, china was civilisation
in search of Nationhood and Japanese has always been nation seeking fresh expression of
Civilisation. The adaptability of Confucianism was designed to create the stable and co-operative
society. In japan it is more hierarchical and rigid than the Chinese system. In addition to it,
relationship in China keep more importance at the time of conducting the business activities. To
build the relationship is one of the most essential step as it is based on the less contractual and
trust so there can be sense of frustration (Indigenous Values, 2018). Furthermore, Chinese state
engaged in economic liberalisation and decentralisation practice. 6. Define development as
mining such significant issue for first Australians in Australia
Mining in Australia is essential to primary industry and it has maximum contribution in
Australian economy. Thus, mining booms also woks as to encouraged immigrations to Australia.
In early 1990s, there were major changes which has happened in legal, policy and institutional
context to mineral development that occurs on the Aboriginal land in Australia. The changes
were substantially increased the capacity of Aboriginal people so that they can have effective
control over mining and share in its benefits (Gitman, Juchau and Flanagan, 2015). Mining has
also employed more than 200000 individuals in Australia and it is benefiting number of people
indirectly. It has also supported in raising of economical and social well being of the territorial
and indigenous people of Australia. It is beneficial in the regional economic activity. The main
focus is on creating a business that facilities investment and improve the productivity.
7. Define why indigenous land council established in Australia
The indigenous land corporation is the self-directed legal authority of Australian
government. It was set up in the year 1995. The main object is to provide assistance to
indigenous people to get and manage land so that there can be achievement in economic, social
environmental and cultural benefits. It also directs commercial business that work as to deliver
training and employment opportunities for indigenous group related with agriculture and tourism
(Lee, 2016). It is kind of Australian commonwealth legal authority with national obligation that
supports Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people to acquire land. They works as to manage
assets that aids to attain social, culture, environmental and economical benefits to indigenous
people and their future generation.

8. is regulation is positive or negative for business
Regulation is essential as with help of it, government takes initiatives, requires, prohibits
actions of the individuals (Sigler, Searle and Martinus, 2018). It is needed to be imposed with
political pressure to address some perceived problems. The regulations work as to protect
employees right, environment and helps to have business driven society. The registered firms are
bound to be compiled with legal obligations. It is beneficial to impose regulation as it helps in
business activities by making government choices as are-
 Allows activity to happen unhindered.
 Forbid any activity.
 It allows private business to undertake the business activities in a controlled manner.
9. How business manage the issue of CSR and indigenous values
Corporate social responsibility is becoming increasingly important this days. It is need to
be implement in order to run the business activities in effectively manner. The indigenous values
are central to the mission and programs of woodbiMining and the Australian economy: the
Australian Government's priorities for the mining sectorne ecology centre. Under this, most
powerful obstacle to viability of indigenous values is the promotion of western style economic
development (St-Laurent and Le Billon, 2015). CSR helps the government to shift some of the
cost of regulation and service provision to business. In addition to it, public impact on business
can fail to adopt CSR could be negative. With help of implementing this policies it helps to
provide employment and training to local community. It is beneficial in aspect to provide
compensation and consider local indigenous issues in relation to environment and sacred sites.
10. Define trade-off between environmental sustainability and business interest
There can be harsh impact over environment as resource depletion, waste & pollution,
Ecosystem impairment and incidents. The growth of economy is depends on resource, extraction
and production can be environment damaging. In addition to it, it can be said that economic
growth depends on resource (Mining and the Australian economy: the Australian Government's
priorities for the mining sector, 2015). This kind of issues can impact over the business activities
and it might have negative harm to sustainability of environment and business interest. Under it,
business is divided in its approach to the environment that is cost or opportunities. The legal
authority is taking various initiatives in creating appropriate business environment policies.

REFERENCES
Book & Jounral
Bice, S., 2014. What gives you a social licence? An exploration of the social licence to operate in
the Australian mining industry. Resources. 3(1). pp.62-80.
Brueckner, M and et.al., 2014. The civic virtue of developmentalism: on the mining industry's
political licence to develop Western Australia. Impact Assessment and Project Appraisal.
32(4). pp.315-326.
Crane, A. and Matten, D., 2016. Business ethics: Managing corporate citizenship and
sustainability in the age of globalization. Oxford University Press.
Eklund, E., 2015. Mining in Australia: An historical survey of industry–community relationships.
The Extractive Industries and Society. 2(1). pp.177-188.
Gilberthorpe, E. and Hilson, G. Eds., 2016. Natural resource extraction and indigenous
livelihoods: Development challenges in an era of globalization. Routledge.
Gitman, L.J., Juchau, R. and Flanagan, J., 2015. Principles of managerial finance. Pearson
Higher Education AU.
Lee, D., 2016. The second rush: mining and the transformation of Australia. Connor Court
Publishing.
Sigler, T.J., Searle, G. and Martinus, K., 2018. Industrial location and global restructuring in
Australian cities. Australian Geographer. 49(3). pp.365-381.
St-Laurent, G.P. and Le Billon, P., 2015. Staking claims and shaking hands: Impact and benefit
agreements as a technology of government in the mining sector. The Extractive Industries
and Society. 2(3). pp.590-602.
Online
Mining and the Australian economy: the Australian Government's priorities for the mining
sector. 2015 .[online] Available
thorugh:<https://ci.nii.ac.jp/els/contentscinii_20181004190927.pdf?id=ART0001201874>.

Indigenous Values. 2018. [online] Available thorugh:<https://woodbinecenter.org/indigenous-
values>.