Greenhouse Gas Emission Calculation and Water Utility Practices

This article discusses the calculation of greenhouse gas emissions and their impact on water utility practices. It explains the different scopes of greenhouse gas evaluation and the sources of emissions. The article also discusses the report on Tumpa Bay Water and its initiatives to reduce energy consumption. The study highlights the importance of ISO standards for managing greenhouse gas emissions.

Running head: WATER RESOURCES
Water resources
Name of the student
Name of the university
Author note

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Table of contents
How Greenhouse gas (GHG) emission calculated?.......................................................3
How many scoops do they contain at GHG evaluation?................................................4
Which part of water utility produce GHG emission (discussion)..................................5
Discuss the report: what they have and what is missing?..............................................5
What I understand and what I did not understand?........................................................6
Reference list..................................................................................................................8

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How Greenhouse gas (GHG) emission calculated?
Due to increasing rate of greenhouse gas in the environment, the rate of environment
pollution has increased (Sweetapple, Fu & Butler, 2014). The greenhouse gas calculation is
being analysed on the basis of the conversion process, biomass production distribution and
transport. In the case of GHG emission, carbon dioxide occur by the natural way and emitted
in the atmosphere through human activities and natural process (Davis, Ahiduzzaman &
Kumar, 2018). Most of the Greenhouse gas are being created due to human activities. This
can be said that it is very important to calculate the greenhouse emission for analysing the
opportunities for energy and cost service. As the rate of energy use is closely connected with
the Greenhouse emission, therefore, by measuring this the way to reduce the greenhouse
emission can be analysed, which will be effective in the case of saving the cost (Bryan et al.,
2015). In this study it has been identified that a large number of greenhouse gas emitted from
the electricity-producing industries. Ere the study has shown how the water management
process impacts on the air pollution. Tumpa Bay water developed the calculation method for
analysing the GHG emission. It has been identified that GHG emission is associated with the
water production. Depending on the energy consumption data from the data management
system, the GHG emission is being calculated. Here the process is being calculated on the
basis of emission data. EPA emission data is being converted to pounds (lbs) and the sum of
source and the total megawatt-hour (MWh) produced are being converted to kWh. This
describes the emissions lbs per kWh. By using multiplied source by Tampa Bay Water’s
annual greenhouse gas emissions is being calculated. Here the pounds per kWh of emissions
are multiplied by the kWh per MG produced to calculate emissions per MG. These steps are
replicated for each energy source and energy type.
Calculation

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 Calculation lbs of Pollutant Per Year
2,515.70 kWh/MG produced * 838.5667 a MGD produced = 2109599 kWh/day
2109599 kWh/day * 365 days/year = 7.700036 kWh/year
7.700036 kWh/year * 0.00046 lbs CH4/kWh = 0.003544 lbs CH4/year
7.700036 kWh/year * 6.5923E-05 lbs N2O/kWh = 0.00050763 lbs N2O/year
7.700036 kWh/year * 3.589358 lbs CO2/kWh = 27.63935 lbs CO2/year
 Calculation of lbs of pollutant per MG
(lbs/year / 365 days)/ 838.5667 average MGD produced
= 2.297443
How many scoops do they contain at GHG evaluation?
Greenhouse gas emission is considered as one of the sustainable performance
indicator (Arent et al., 2014). It has been mentioned in this study that the greenhouse
protocols are very influencing in the case of managing the categories of emissions. Therefore
three types of scoops which are contained in the GHG evaluation. The scoops have been
introduced for avoiding the double calculation. In the Scope 1, the direct greenhouse gas
emission is being analysed. The scope 1 is being controlled by the company. In the case of
stationary combustion, the combustion of propane, fuel oil and natural gas are being counted
through the industrial activities. In the case of mobile combustion the combustion of diesel
and gasoline occur due to vehicle or mobile transportation. In the case of process emission,
due to the manufacturing process, the pollution occurs from the ammonia, steel, iron and
cement industry. The Scope 2 indicates the emission from the stream, electricity and other
different sources of energy industry. In this study, the scope 3 indicates the consequences
which have been occurred due to excessive operations from different sources in an

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organization. Here the various number of sources have been introduced in the case of
analysing the greenhouse gas sources. Employee commuting, third-party distribution,
logistics and business travel are included in this sources. The study has also mentioned the
emission from the sold products, production of the purchased goods and many more as the
sources of greenhouse gas. Depending on these activities the Scope three data is being
gathered.
Which part of water utility produce GHG emission (discussion)
Water utility practices ate interconnected with the Greenhouse emission activities (Nair et
al., 2014). In the current scenario, the water industry has started optimizing the uses with the
mineral energy. This strategy has been adopted by the industry for dealing with the climatic
changes as well as the cost and operational challenges. The sanitation and water organizations
are emitting a high amount of greenhouse gases, which is affecting the climate. Therefore,
this can be said that it has in the case of producing energy by the mineral water the company
emits the Greenhouse gas. Therefore, this can be said that the water resource industry has a
higher level of impact on the GHG emission. The electronic companies emitted the large
amount of CH4, Co2, N2O and other harmful gasses. In this study the Tumpa Bay Water has
started maintaining the sustainable changes in the energy management system. It has been
identified in this study that the study has also focused on the water supply side. This can be
said that the pumping water is the major consumer of energy. Here the untreated pumping
water, supplying water and energy producing rate in kilowatts has been highlighted.
Therefore, this can be said that the energy which is used due to the water production
practices, influences the greenhouse gas emission rate.

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Discuss the report: what they have and what is missing?
The impact of the energy industry in the Greenhouse gas emission has been
highlighted. In this report, the importance of the energy policy and energy management
system have been pointed out. The major issue with this report is here the report has
highlighted the only Tumpa Bay water management process. The major strength of this report
is here the calculation process of Greenhouse gas emission has been mentioned. In this study
that international standard, which is required for improving the energy performance has been
highlighted. For improving the efficiency, it has been mentioned that by implementing the
effective operation and improving the energy performance the overall energy utilization can
be reduced. If the report had focused on a different organization or focus on GHG emission
calculation software, this would have been better. On the other hand, here the study has only
focused on the water utility process, however, the GHG emission can be increased from other
sources too. The study has only mentioned that water production and energy producing
process as the important part of GHG emission.
What I understand and what I did not understand?
In the report, it has been identified that the energy which is produced during the water
production practices, has a higher level of impact on the Greenhouse gas emission process. In
this study, it has been understood that the rate of GHG emission and its impact on the
atmosphere. The electronic organizations also emit CO2, CH4 and N2O and the other NO
gasses. These gasses are harmful to the climate. In this study it has been mention that the
GHG emission is being calculated on the basis of the Global Warming Potential. CO2 is the
predominant particle in Greenhouse gas. The government has taken various initiatives in the
case of dealing with the excessive rate of GHG emission in the environment. In this study the
initiatives of Tumpa Bay water have been highlighted, this can be said that various initiatives
have been taken for reducing the energy consumption in the water production industry. For

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making the effective solution the study has highlighted the importance of the ISO standard
for managing the Greenhouse gas emission rate in the environment. Although the report has
mentioned about various calculation method in this study, the reduction of energy
consumption rate has not been mentioned in this report.

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Reference list
Arent, D., Pless, J., Mai, T., Wiser, R., Hand, M., Baldwin, S., ... & Denholm, P. (2014).
Implications of high renewable electricity penetration in the US for water use,
greenhouse gas emissions, land-use, and materials supply. Applied Energy, 123, 368-
377.
Ashrafi, O., Yerushalmi, L., & Haghighat, F. (2015). Wastewater treatment in the pulp-and-
paper industry: A review of treatment processes and the associated greenhouse gas
emission. Journal of environmental management, 158, 146-157.
Bryan, B. A., Crossman, N. D., Nolan, M., Li, J., Navarro, J., & Connor, J. D. (2015). Land
use efficiency: anticipating future demand for land‐sector greenhouse gas emissions
abatement and managing trade‐offs with agriculture, water, and biodiversity. Global
change biology, 21(11), 4098-4114.
Chang, Y., Huang, R., Ries, R. J., & Masanet, E. (2015). Life-cycle comparison of
greenhouse gas emissions and water consumption for coal and shale gas-fired power
generation in China. Energy, 86, 335-343.
Davis, M., Ahiduzzaman, M., & Kumar, A. (2018). How will Canada’s greenhouse gas
emissions change by 2050? A disaggregated analysis of past and future greenhouse
gas emissions using bottom-up energy modelling and Sankey diagrams. Applied
Energy, 220, 754-786.
Nair, S., George, B., Malano, H. M., Arora, M., & Nawarathna, B. (2014). Water–energy–
greenhouse gas nexus of urban water systems: Review of concepts, state-of-art and
methods. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 89, 1-10.

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Sweetapple, C., Fu, G., & Butler, D. (2014). Multi-objective optimisation of wastewater
treatment plant control to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Water research, 55, 52-
62.