Leadership and Management

This document discusses the characteristics of successful leaders, leadership development, the distinction between leadership and management, and learning about leadership through experience. It explores different leadership styles and the importance of building strong relationships. The document also emphasizes the role of communication, critical thinking, and situational awareness in leadership development. It concludes by highlighting the differences between leadership and management and the importance of continuous learning and development in becoming a successful leader.

LEADERSHIP AND
MANAGEMENT

TABLE OF CONTENTS
1) CHARACTERISTIC OF SUCCESSFUL LEADERS................................................................1
2) LEADERSHIP DEVELOPMENT..............................................................................................3
3. DISTINGUISH BETWEEN LEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT.......................................5
4. LEARNING OVER LEADERSHIP FROM EXPERINCE OF COURSE.................................6

1) CHARACTERISTIC OF SUCCESSFUL LEADERS
Leader is the person who leads the team and ensure all team members work effectively so
that team goal can be accomplished successfully. Leader plays significant role in business unit;
individual must have positive attitude.
Figure 1: Lewin’s leadership styles
(Source: Lewin's Leadership Styles Framework, 2019)
According to Kanuka, Holmes and Cowley, (2018) Lewin’s leadership styles explains three
different types of leadership styles that need to be followed by leaders in enterprise. Individual
has to understand the situation and accordingly have to apply suitable pattern to lead staff
members. Authoritarian leadership is the style in which leaders of company takes command and
makes all the decision in business unit. They pass instruction and team members have to follow
guidelines of leader. In this style, leaders do not make much interaction with their employees and
all have to work under close supervision of higher authorities. This type of style is beneficial if
team members have no experience about work then they get clear guidance which makes them
able to perform their work effectively (Beck, 2018). But sometimes controlling and commanding
behaviour demotivate people and impact on employee retention rate of the organisation.
Participative leadership style is another way of leading people in which leaders involve
employees in decision making process and take their suggestions. It is beneficial in order to build
up strong relationship between leaders and workers. This enhance employee engagement and
assist in completion of task in smooth manner. Leaders must behave friendly with other staff
members so that they feel comfortable and perform their duties well. Another leadership style is
delegative that states that leaders have to trust their team and have to monitor them closely. If
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there is inexperienced team, then leaders have to motivate employees so that they feel
comfortable and put efforts to finish give responsibilities on time (Seaman and et.al., 2018).
Figure 2: Situational leadership
(Source: 4 Situational Leadership Styles, 2017)
As per the view of Cuhadar and et.al., (2017) Situational leadership is the approach that
states that leadership of a person does not really based on their skills as individual has to alter
their style asper requirement of situation in the enterprise. Situational leaders must diagnose the
condition in the company and have to identify rout cause of problem. This aids in analysing
situation and reacting accordingly. Leader must have good communication skill, as person is
responsible for coordinating with higher authorities and other staff members. if leaders have
capability to communicate significantly hen leader can minimise confusion at workplace and can
raise clarity which may give positive results to the organisation. Leaders have to direct and coach
people at workplace this assist in influencing behaviour of other workers and making them
positive towards the brand (Anita and Dollarhide, 2015). Directing and delegating is the role play
by leaders, they have to guide employee and have to allot them work. Supportive behaviour of
leaders helps in creating healthy workplace environment and accomplishing the task
successfully.
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Figure 3: Transformational leadership
(Source: Transformational Leadership Theory, 2019)
According to Cox, (2016) Transformational leadership is the great approach that states that
leaders need to be visionary and have to inspire other people. They are thinkers those who have
creative ideas to finish the task in significant manner. Leaders have to motivate team members
by forming clear vision and mission, individual have to set values so that all employees can
perform their work in right direction. Leaders need to be idealized and must empower people.
they develop trust of staff members and make them loyal towards the firm. Leaders focuses more
on creating ethical working environment where all individuals respect each other and follow
industry standards carefully. Leaders maintain open communication and emphasis more on
authenticity. This is beneficial for organisation in gaining competitive advantage and retaining
skilled people in workplace for longer duration (Reece, 2017).
2) LEADERSHIP DEVELOPMENT
According to Kanuka, Holmes and Cowley, (2018) some people have natural quality of
being a good leader but some have to work on their capabilities and skills in order to become a
good leader. Leadership can be developed by emphasising more on work and applying discipline
practices. It is very important for an individual to develop discipline in their personal and
professional life.
Seaman and et.al., (2018) stated that developing awareness about different situations is the
way through which person can raise their leadership quality. Leader must have critical thinking
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skill, as individual has to deal with sudden situations and have to take right decisions. For that it
is essential to have knowledge of various situations so that correct judgement can be taken at
workplace. By raising situational awareness individual can avoid problems and can recognize
opportunities that assist in becoming a successful leader.
Figure 4: Capability model
(Source: C a p a b i l i t y M o d e l , 2 0 1 9 )
As per the view of Anita and Dollarhide, (2015) leader can raise their leadership capabilities
by building strong relationship with others. Many times, individual can learn many things from
others, each person has different skills and qualities. if individual develop strong bonding with
other such as friends of peer group members then individual can know more about new things
which may make them a good leader. Reece, (2017) argued that capability model of leadership
development explains three main factors that are related to development of leading qualities:
individual attributes, competencies and outcome. Individual attributes include general cognitive
ability of person, sometimes person have skills biologically. If parents are a good leader, then
this thing or quality transfer to their kids as well. For example, bill gates is the successful leader,
his father was a lawyer and grandfather was in bank, hence both were in the senior position and
leading team of people. This quality also has in Bill gates which has helped him to establish a
successful business and leading a team of huge employees. Crystallized cognitive ability gets
developed in an individual continuously this, help them in learning new things and performing
better as leader at workplace. Competency is another element of this model that emphases on
knowledge, social judgement and problem-solving skills of an individual (Cuhadar and et.al.,
2017). Leader can raise their knowledge which may help them in taking right decision and
becoming a great leader. Leader is the person who has to lead employees and have to ensure that
they understand their work effectively. If they have good knowledge, then it would be beneficial
in raising their capabilities and becoming a great leader. Outcome is another component that
measures results. Leaders can analyse the degree to which an individual has performed and can
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take necessary action to raise working efficiency of others, this may develop leadership quality
of leader as well.
According to Kanuka, Holmes and Cowley, (2018) individual, group and community values
are essential element of leadership development. Awareness of self, faith, following ethics are
helpful in improving capabilities of person and individual can become a good leader. Apart from
this, communication and team working abilities make them able to lead a team greatly. Raising
engagement with community members and involving them in discussion raise knowledge of
person and make them able to handle team of different cultural people effectively at workplace.
Leader has to discuss each small topic with seniors and juniors and have to make open
communication with them (Reece, 2017). This brings innovative ideas and leader can become
able to find the best way to complete task significantly. All these things are able to raise
capabilities of an individual and can make them a good leader who can lead a great team well.
Leaders are important player in organisation if they continuously work on developing their skills
then this may give them new experienced and they will be able to get successful in their
professional life.
3. DISTINGUISH BETWEEN LEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT
Management is the process of administering and controlling business activities which
includes strategies of an organization which aim at establishing coordination and cooperation at
workplace. According to Beck, (2018), management is based on planning of activities to meet
business goals and objectives. Management of traditional as well as modern organisation is based
on 5 principles that is planning, staffing, leading, organizing and controlling. For example,
management of Marks and Spencer is divided on the basis of store and departments. This offers
clarity over individual roles and responsibility which aid in smooth flow of activity in
transparency in information communication.
However, leadership is the concept of guiding or leading team or group of people with
inspiring vision in order to achieve one particular task or business goal. Leadership is the basis of
management of group work as in this leading person aim at diving work among employees
according to individual skills and capabilities. Leadership is the practice which derive motivation
of employees working in group on the basis of role and responsibility. The five foremost and
major quality of leader which depicts his or her leadership are, communication, positive attitude,
innovation, collaboration and passion or commitment. According to Cox, (2016) leadership is
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individual ability to influence people to work together with shared values to achieve common
goals. For example, Tesco the leading retailer of United Kingdom has adapted to democratic
style of leadership. The company aim at encouraging employee participation in business
secession making. This helps the retailer in developing crating and innovative ideas of grabbing
opportunities in changing business environment. Participative leadership in Tesco aid the
management in managing employee’s motivation on regular basis which leads to continuous
improvement.
In accordance with this, it can be said that leadership is different from management because
management is focused on planning, administration, organising and controlling of overall
business activities where leadership is solely focused on particular group of people. Leadership
in an organisation aim at achieving business goals in given business condition and resources.
However, management aim at managing changes in workplace condition on the basis of
employee changing requirement and workplace trends. Leadership is different from management
on the basis of work where leading person of company is responsible for making employee work
whereas management is responsible for paying off employees for their work. Leader in an
organisation are focused on change and development for future whereas management aim at
developing skills and knowledge of employee to work in group (Kanuka, Holmes and Cowley,
2018). Leadership work and practices are focused on short term success and goals where
management aim at long term goals of improving workplace condition with regard to employee
satisfaction and managing smooth flow of business operations.
Leadership Management
Leadership is very narrow concept that
includes only leading and directing people to
attain their goals and objectives.
Management is a boarder concept that includes
managing, organising, planning, etc. of task
and activities.
There are various leadership styles such as
situational, participative, etc. that is applied.
Here, various management models and
concepts are applied such as MBO.
Leadership is related to influencing people and
changing their behaviour.
Management is related to discipline and
managing things in the best possible manner.
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It requires trust of employees in order to attain
goals and objectives.
It is based on managing and controlling people
to complete task in specified time.
Leaders are responsible for leading people and
directing them in right way. Leaders are
involved in implementing the most innovative
and creative changes.
Managers develop plan and assigns roles and
responsibilities to subordinates. They are the
person who only to work which has been
assigned to them
The main purpose of leadership is to lead
people and bring creativity.
Its main purpose is to maximise productivity
by accomplishing goals on time through
effective use of resources.
For example – situational leadership style is
applied to implement change.
For example – MBO concept is followed by
organization in situation of change.
For example, management of Burberry fashion retailer aim at managing employee
satisfaction on the basis of process motivation. In this firm provides monetary benefits for
employee work which supports extrinsic motivation at workplace. However, leadership of
organisation aim at intrinsic motivation of workers and therefore the individuals aim ta meeting
physiological needs of employees during work.
4. LEARNING OVER LEADERSHIP FROM EXPERINCE OF COURSE
In accordance with global leadership and management I learned about different concepts of
leading and managing people in the organisation. In my opinion leadership style play a crucial
role for the leading person as it depicts individual ability to leads and inspire followers. I learned
that leaders are the individual who need to have a strong stand, creative and inspiring vision in
order to make employee work in coordination and cooperation. The most interesting part of
course was characteristics of leadership from where I learnt about Authoritarian leadership in
which leading person is only responsible for decision making. In accordance with this leading
trait leader just show the path of achieving business goals on the basis of individual
responsibility. The style is focused on authority and power of the person to which no follower
can ask for change or advise own ideas. On the other hand, I also learned about participative
leadership trait in which leaders offers flexibility of working to employees. In this style of
learning followers coordinate own ideas and work with leading person which aid in managing
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innovation and continuous improvement in work. I feel participative leading style helps in
becoming successful leader because it aims at understanding view point of people working in
group. This trait supports coordination and cooperation regardless of workplace diversity.
Apart from this, I learned about development of good leadership and how good leaders
can be developed. From this section of course I explored wide range of leadership theories which
helps the person in becoming good and different type of leader. During classroom learning I
derived that there are three types of leaders that is individual who are developed on the basis of
traits, skills and styles. Contextual leaders who are developed on the basis of situational and path
goal approach. Further, I learned about relational leaders which leads as per servant,
transformational leader and leader member exchange theory. In accordance with learning I feel I
can become a good leader which I evaluated when I participated in a group presentation. From
group presentation I leaded group members where I focused on participative leadership trait from
where I analysed the involving group members in decision making helps in developing
innovative idea. Further, when I workers as an Intern I experienced situational approach of
leading which according to me is the best way of managing group work in business environment.
In accordance situational approach leading person was in managing continuous changes in work
and responsibilities which aid in successful achievement of business objectives. Thus, from the
learning I can state that leadership is different from management as leader aim at leading spec if
group of people for particular goal.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Anita, Y. and Dollarhide, C. T., 2015. The Voices of School Counselors: Essential
Characteristics of School Counselor Leaders. Professional School Counseling. 19(1).
pp.2156759X1501900101.
Beck, J., 2018. Leaders’ characteristics in Online Social Networks: a descriptive study of online
leadership in the SunSmart campaign (Bachelor's thesis, University of Twente).
Cox, L. V., 2016. Understanding millennial, Generation X, and baby boomer preferred
leadership characteristics: Informing today’s leaders and followers.
Cuhadar, E. and et.al., 2017. Personality or role? Comparisons of Turkish leaders across different
institutional positions. Political Psychology. 38(1). pp.39-54.
Kanuka, H., Holmes, J. and Cowley, S., 2018. Teaching development leaders’ characteristics and
experiences of success in research-focused universities: narratives of constraint and
growth. Journal of Further and Higher Education. pp.1-15.
Reece, G., 2017. Pagan Leaders and Clergy: A Quantitative Exploration. Pomegranate. 19(1).
Seaman, C. and et.al., 2018. Common leadership characteristics, personality traits, and behaviors
that generations x, y, and z leaders find effective for shared leadership: a formal,
informal, and rational approach. Journal of International Management Studies. 18(3).
Online
4 Situational Leadership Styles. 2017. [Online]. Available through <
http://atodorov.org/blog/2017/11/11/4-situational-leadership-styles/ >
C a p a b i l i t y M o d e l . 2 0 1 9 . [ O n l i n e ] . A v a i l a b l e t h r o u g h <
http://www.nwlink.com/~donclark/hrd/case/capability_model.html >
Lewin's Leadership Styles Framework. 2019. [Online]. Available through < http://www.free-
management-ebooks.com/faqld/leadtheory-08.htm >
Transformational Leadership Theory. 2019. [Online]. Available through <
https://managementstudyguide.com/transformational-leadership.htm >
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