Guided questions Answer Template (Please do not Remove the

Guided questions Answer Template (Please do not Remove the questions)
Guided Question Qualitative Study Quantitative Study
1. Aim and Significance
(5 marks 200 words)
a. What was the aim and
significance of the study?
The key purpose of this research paper is to
explore the experiences of nurses and
evaluate nurses’ perspectives on preventing
medication related errors (Smeulers,
Onderwater, van Zwieten, & Vermeulen,
2014). Another aim of this paper is to
describe the importance of nurses’
experiences for increasing safety of
medication practices. This journal article is
very significant because it is very important
to understand the role of nurses’ experiences
towards medication safety and errors.
Moreover, there are several research papers
were published on this topic so it is
significant to gain knowledge in the field of
medication safety and nurses’ experiences.
By reading this study the student and
The major aim of this journal article is to explore the
influence of workplace supports and relationships on
the safety of medication practices (Sahay, Hutchinson,
& East, 2015). Another objective of this study is to
investigate the association between workplace
supports and relationships and nurses in the safety of
medication practices. This research study is
significance because it provides an in-depth analysis
of medication errors and the role of graduate nurses
for improving the safety of medication practices. the
researchers supported their arguments with the
literature review and other journal articles that
indicate that the authors critically analysed the
research topic and provided complete information. In
order to improve the efficiency of this paper the
authors obtained fresh and new information from
graduate nurses.

readers can enhance their skills and analyse
the fundamental concept of medication
practices (Koskela, Sandström, Mäkinen, &
Liira, 2015).
2. Methods (10 marks
700 words)
a. Identify the
research design used
in the study and was
it appropriate for the
issue discussed?
After critically analysing this journal article it
has been found that the researchers used the
qualitative interview process as a research
design. With the help of this design, the
researchers obtained viewpoints of other
nurses on the research topic and improved
effectiveness of the paper. The qualitative
research design was appropriate for this
study and issues discussed by the authors
because it has the potential for provided
large numbers of facts and information in
fewer samples (Stevenson, & Nilsson, 2012).
The main key point of this research design is
that it focuses on theoretical information
rather than numerical by which readers can
From this research study, it has been identified that
the investigators adopted the descriptive quantitative
process as a research design. It was very appropriate
for this research topic and issues highlighted by the
authors because it supports arguments with opinions
of other participants along with numerical data. Such
kind of research design provided a platform to the
researchers for gathering effective information and
data from nurses and participants. A survey was
conducted by the authors and transferred to the
participant in order to evaluate their viewpoints and
obtain the appropriate results regarding research
topic (Unver, Tastan, & Akbayrak, 2012). In this
journal paper around 58 nurses were involved and
participated in the survey and provided enough

easily understand the concepts and facts
related to the research topic.
information about medication safety and nurses’
experiences.
b. Discuss the sampling
technique, inclusion and
exclusion criteria used for
the selection of sample in
the study
In this journal paper, the authors used
probability sampling technique because they
collected and obtained samples on a random
basis for analysing opinions of participants.
It is observed that the probability sampling
method has the potential for achieving the
aims and objectives of the research in an
effective manner. The researchers included
experiences and skilled nurses in the
interview process. The inclusive criteria
involved a few points such as the experience
of nurses, their graduation, and knowledge
about medication safety and so on. By using
these criteria the authors included around 20
nurses in this research study. Moreover, the
authors excluded fresh nurses, doctors and
other health care providers due to fewer
experiences and lack of information about
medication safety.
After reading this paper it has been found that the
authors adopted the probability sampling process
because they gathered samples on a random basis in
order to analyse the opinions of participants. The
investigators included graduate nurses in their
investigation and also involved a case study of
Australian graduate nurses. The inclusive criteria
involved nurses’ knowledge in the field of medication
safety and their interest in the safety of medication
practices (Hayes, Power, Davidson, Daly, & Jackson,
2015). By using such kind of sampling technique the
authors obtained 58 graduate nurses in order to
achieve aims and objectives of the investigation. The
researchers excluded experienced nurses and
specialists in their survey and obtained information
from graduate nurses and supported their arguments
by using the literature review section.

c.Explore the data
collection method and its
appropriateness to the
research design of the
study
In this paper, the data was collected by using
two approaches such as primary and
secondary methods. The primary process
used to interview and survey technique for
collecting opinions of other nurses on
medication safety. The secondary process
used literature review and previous studies
for obtaining theoretical information. It is
observed that the researchers used several
resources for collecting secondary data such
as journal papers, peer-reviewed articles,
online websites and books. Both data
collection methods were appropriate for this
study because they provided enough
information about the research topic.
After analysing this research article it is observed that
data was collected by using two approaches such as
primary and secondary methods. The primary
method included a case study and survey through a
questionnaire. The secondary process used literature
review and previous studies. It has been identified
that the secondary data were obtained using various
resources, for example, literature review, previous
research papers, online books and other online
sources. Both data collection methods were
appropriate for this study because they provided
enough information about the research topic.
3. Data analysis and
results (10 marks
600 words)
a. How was the data
analysed and was it
appropriate for the study?
In this paper MAXQDA10 software was used
in order to analyse gathered data and
information. It was appropriate for this study
It is examined that the researchers adopted Statistic
Package for Social Sciences version 20 for analysing
data and facts. It was appropriate for this research

because it has the ability for analysing and
evaluating both primary and secondary data
about the research topic. In this paper, the
data analysis step was performed in parallel
with the interview process (Kim, & Bates,
2013). The other researchers verified and
reinforced the process and analysed
viewpoints of participants (Dickson, & Flynn,
2012).
because it provides a platform for critically analysing
the theoretical and numerical information gathered
from data collection methods (Vaismoradi, Jordan,
Turunen, & Bondas, 2014). By using such kind of data
analysis technique the authors improved the
effectiveness of the paper and gained aims of this
investigation.
b.What were the
findings/results of the
study?
It is observed that there are major three
themes were emerged from this journal
paper such as nurses’ roles and
responsibilities in medication safety, nurses’
ability to work safely, and nurses’ acceptance
of safety practices (Thomson, Outram,
Gilligan, & Levett-Jones, 2015). From this
paper, it has been found that nurses’
experiences effectively reduce errors and
problems from medication practices.
Moreover, nurses are essential for
medication safety and practices. it is
From this journal paper, it has been found that
unsupportive workplace relations were contrariwise
related to graduate nurse medication mistakes and
faults. From the survey it has been identified that
graduate nurses have the ability for reducing risks
and errors linked with medication practices and
positively influence medication safety. In this
research paper, the authors show the importance of
graduate nurses in the field of medication practices
and also highlighted their perspectives towards
medication safety. Furthermore, the authors also
identified that Workplace supports and relationships

analysed that experience of risks and nurses’
work process influence their potential to
work effectively. Benefits, flexibility and
appropriateness are significant incentives for
acceptance of a safety practice regarding
medication.
both are best processes and solutions to graduate
nurse for reducing the rate of medication errors
c. Discuss the limitations
and recommendations of
the study?
There are several limitations of this journal
paper such as provided less information
about medication errors, used fewer
samples, did not reduce drawbacks of
previous studies and included only
qualitative research design that provided
only theoretical facts. Another limitation of
this paper is was a single-centre study which
creates a research gap between information
and research topic. Therefore, it is
recommended that the authors should focus
on research aims and objectives and adopt
appropriate research design in order to
reduce research gaps and drawbacks (Liu,
Manias, & Gerdtz, 2012). Moreover, they
The major limitation of this research study is that the
authors focused on graduate nurses and provided less
information about medication safety and errors.
Moreover, there are few other drawbacks of this
paper, for example, included only quantitative
research design, focused on an only single topic, did
not explain nurses’ perspectives towards medication
safety and lack of information on non-responders.
Therefore, it is recommended that the researchers
should obtain opinions of participants and critically
analyse collected information and reduce drawbacks
and research gaps of the current investigation.
Furthermore, the investigators should involve a
literature review in a tabular form in order to analyse
their research strategies and methods along with

should involve results and findings of other
authors and compare their outcomes with
them. In future research, the authors will
reduce all these drawbacks and develop
several strategies for reducing medication
errors.
their findings. In further investigation, the authors
will improve the effectiveness of the paper by
reducing all these limitations and adopt the best
research methodologies.

References
Dickson, G. L., & Flynn, L. (2012). Nurses’ clinical reasoning: Processes and practices of medication safety. Qualitative Health
Research, 22(1), 3-16.
Hayes, C., Power, T., Davidson, P. M., Daly, J., & Jackson, D. (2015). The nurse interrupted: Development of a realistic medication
administration simulation for undergraduate nurses. Nurse education today, 35(9), 981-986.
Kim, J., & Bates, D. W. (2013). Medication administration errors by nurses: adherence to guidelines. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 22(3-4),
590-598.
Koskela, T., Sandström, S., Mäkinen, J., & Liira, H. (2015). User perspectives on an electronic decision-support tool performing
comprehensive medication reviews-a focus group study with physicians and nurses. BMC medical informatics and decision
making, 16(1), 6.
Liu, W., Manias, E., & Gerdtz, M. (2012). Medication communication between nurses and patients during nursing handovers on medical
wards: a critical ethnographic study. International journal of nursing studies, 49(8), 941-952.
Sahay, A., Hutchinson, M., & East, L. (2015). Exploring the influence of workplace supports and relationships on safe medication practice:
A pilot study of Australian graduate nurses. Nurse education today, 35(5), e21-e26.
Smeulers, M., Onderwater, A. T., van Zwieten, M. C., & Vermeulen, H. (2014). Nurses' experiences and perspectives on medication safety
practices: an explorative qualitative study. Journal of Nursing Management, 22(3), 276-285.
Stevenson, J. E., & Nilsson, G. (2012). Nurses’ perceptions of an electronic patient record from a patient safety perspective: a qualitative
study. Journal of advanced nursing, 68(3), 667-676.

Thomson, K., Outram, S., Gilligan, C., & Levett-Jones, T. (2015). Interprofessional experiences of recent healthcare graduates: A social
psychology perspective on the barriers to effective communication, teamwork, and patient-centred care. Journal of
interprofessional care, 29(6), 634-640.
Unver, V., Tastan, S., & Akbayrak, N. (2012). Medication errors: perspectives of newly graduated and experienced nurses. International
journal of nursing practice, 18(4), 317-324.
Vaismoradi, M., Jordan, S., Turunen, H., & Bondas, T. (2014). Nursing students' perspectives on the cause of medication errors. Nurse
education today, 34(3), 434-440.