Stem Cell Transplantation for Hematological Malignancy

Running head: HAEMATOLOGY
HAEMATOLOGY
Name of the Student
Name of the university
Author’s note

HAEMATOLOGY
1
STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION FOR THE TREATMENT OF
HEMATOLOGICAL MALIGNANCY
The chance of most of the hematological malignancies increases with age. With
increasing population, a disproportionate number of aged people are contracting hematological
malignancies. Hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) provides a lifelong and non-threatening
treatment options for patients with hematopoietic malignancies having greater experience and
improved supportive care services. Auto HCT can be used as a part of the initial stem cell
therapy or after the relapse I the older adults having several hematologic malignancies (Hu &
Shilatifard, 2016). The preclinical model confirms substantial changes in the aged hematopoietic
stem cells and the progenitor cells having reduced engraftments and homing functions, modified
sell surface proteins and transcriptional activities and the accumulating DNA damage (Wildes et
al., 2014).
Historical overview of the disorder
Over the last fifty years almost one million hematopoietic stem cell transplantation has
been performed. During these three years the stem cell transplantation have been performed.
During these years the entire process had evolved largely to become a standard of care for
hematological malignancies. The stem cell transplantation has given a considerable intersection
of the concepts that are of considerable interest to the scientists regarding in the concepts like the
dose dependent chemotherapy for eradicating the underlying malignancy (Beebe & Belani,
2018). An upgraded information of the biology of hematopoiesis and the conceivable usage of
HSCT as a safety strategy bone marrow injury due to radiation, surged after the detonation of
nuclear weapons in the Second World War. Jacobsen and colleagues have found out that
hematopoiesis in a radiation induced mouse in preserved in the mice if the spleen can be shielded

HAEMATOLOGY
2
(Chen et al., 2018). Later on, Lorenz and colleagues verified that mice recovered from radiation
injury when they were infused with bone marrow after radiation dosage. Later on in 1957,
Thomas and his colleagues found the leukemia in adults can be cured by using a supraradial
radiation followed by a bone marrow transfusion for the fetal and the adult cadavers. After this
researches were being carried out in the canines and the murine. However, in the year 1968, the
first successful transplantation was done in an infant with severe combined immunodeficiency,
using the bone marrow cells (Henig & Zuckerman, 2014). The first human bone marrow
transfusion was given to a patient in the year 1939, who was suffering from aplastic anemia. On
daily blood transfusion, these raised her leucocytes and the platelets.
Techniques used for evaluation
Genomic analysis is the mainly used in the diagnosis of hematological malignancies. The
evaluation of abnormalities in the chromosome by cytogenetic analysis is very crucial in analysis
and making decision in treating acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Detection of t(8;21)(q22;q22.1),
inv(16)(p13.1q22), t(16;16)(p13.1;q22), or translocations generating PML-RARA fusion
transcripts allow the detection of acute myeloid leukemia to be made even without the existence
of ≥20% blasts (Rekhtman, Baine & Bishop, 2019). The recent genomic analysis have actually
helped in the determination of the genomic alterations that can be seen in the distinct forms of
the AML (Holtick et al., 2014). Again, the genomic analysis of acute leukemia has successfully
found out the alterations in the diverse type of structural abnormalities that are responsible for
causing the gross chromosomal alterations. Gene expression profiling and immuophenotypic
analysis can be used to analyze the different subgroups of T-cell (ALL). According to Taylor,
Xiao and Abdel-Wahab (2017) the diagnosis of the Myelodysplastic syndromes is detected by
the morphologic detection of the dysplasia in the BM and classified on the basis of the number