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Table of Contents
Abstract ......................................................................................................................................2
I. Introduction ............................................................................................................................5
II. An Overview of The MENAP SME Landscape ...................................................................7
A. Structure of MENAP SMEs, Performance and Constraints to Growth ................................7
B. Policies and Programs to Promote SMEs............................................................................11
C. Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Support Policies for SMEs...........................................15
III. Digitalization of SMEs in MENAP—Overview, Opportunities and Trends.....................20
A. An Overview .......................................................................................................................20
B. Opportunities and Risks ......................................................................................................22
C. Trends in SMEs Digital Transformation.............................................................................24
D. The Digital Landscape and Constraints to SMEs’ Digitalization .......................................27
IV. Policy Options to Promote SMEs and Inclusive Growth in MENAP ...............................39
A. An Enabling Environment for Digitalization of SMEs.......................................................39
B. Financial Sector and Business Environment Reforms ........................................................42
Figures
1: Structure of SMEs..................................................................................................................7
2. Composition of SMEs by Business Sector and Markets .......................................................8
3. Trends in Startups ..................................................................................................................9
4. Factors Impeding SMEs Growth ...........................................................................................9
5. SMEs’ Credit Risks..............................................................................................................10
6. Initiatives to Enhance SMEs’ access to Finance..................................................................12
7. Policy Reforms to Ease the Process of Establishing Businesses .........................................13
8. Business Support Programs .................................................................................................14
9. Performance of SMEs ..........................................................................................................15
10. Factors Underpinning SMEs performance.........................................................................16
11. Selected Factors Impeding SMEs’ Access to Bank Finance .............................................17
12. Factors Constraining Funding from Non-Bank Financial Institutions ..............................18
13. Business Environment for Starting and Operating a Business ..........................................19
14. Pillars of a Digital Ecosystem for Enterprises ...................................................................22
15. Trends in Internet Adoption and Business Digitalization..................................................25
16. Web Presence and Cloud Adoption by SMEs ...................................................................25
17. E-Commerce Trends ..........................................................................................................26
18. The Digital Technology Start-up Ecosystem.....................................................................27
19. Access to Global Internet Infrastructure ............................................................................28
20. Entry barriers to the Telecom market ................................................................................29
21. ICT Infrastructures.............................................................................................................30
22. Access to Broadband Internet ............................................................................................31

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2020 International Monetary Fund WP/20/135 Working Paper Middle East and Central Ahead

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