Health And Social Care: Assignment Sample

HEALTH AND SOCIAL
CARE

TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................3
Demographic profile of residents population..............................................................................3
Health issue in residents population............................................................................................4
Who is affected? Health Inequalities..........................................................................................4
Social determinants of health......................................................................................................5
Policies issues relating to residents population...........................................................................5
Public Health Provisions in borough...........................................................................................6
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................7
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................8

INTRODUCTION
This report is about health and social care which is related to the services that are
available from social care and health providers. This report will lay emphasis on health issue in
chosen social determinants. Here, Stroke has been taken as a health issue in social determinants
which are resident population of London Borough of Barking and Dagenham (Gulli and et.al.,
2016). It is seen that stroke are much more common in people from age group between 15 to 65
years and because of which life expectancy of resident population has also decreased to
approximately 60 years which is much lower than overall average of London which is 65 years.
MAIN BODY
Demographic profile of residents population
Demographic profile is the data about the characteristics of the residents' population like
gender, age, gender etc. of all the people within the residents' population (Balogun and et.al.,
2016). Population: Currently residents in borough has more than 200,00 people of population.
Ethnicity: This group of people are from London. Culture of people from London has their
unique customs and tradition. Gender/Sex: In this resident population 60% of them are make
and 40% of them are female. Age: This population of resident people are from age group 16
years to 65 years. Out of which 30% of them are below 25 years of Age. Life expectancy: It is a
statistical measure of an average population of average time they are expected to live on Earth.
So, Life expectancy of resident population for males are 58 years and for females is 60 years
which is a bit lower than overall average of London which is approximately 64 years.
Unemployment: Employment rate of this population is also below overall average of London
and in fact more than 12% of residents have no qualification. Poverty: More than 30% of people
are still living in poverty which is quite higher than London average which is 20.6%.
Health issue in residents population
Health issue to be discussed here in resident population is Stroke in London Borough of
Barking and Dagenham. It many be caused by blocked arteries or leaking blood vessels (Chen
and et.al., 2015). Various provision of health care are intended to be taken in borough for the
prevention of stroke or in other words to improve stroke outcome in patients various provisions
of health are to be taken. NHS health checks are done to identify all the individuals with stroke
risk factor. Many government organizations are taking initiatives in monitoring and maintaining
stroke patients registrations on regular basis. Main aim of this is to identify all the stroke patients

in elderly age group so that they can be taken care of and treated well at an early stage (Butland
and et.al., 2017). In England more than 1.7% patients were recorded with stroke where as in
london more than 1.5% patients were recorded with stroke.
Who is affected? Health Inequalities
Health inequality can be defined as differences in heath status or distribution of health
resources between various population group. Most of the time health inequalities go against
social justice principles as they are avoidable and do not occur by chance or randomly. Here
health Inequalities of stroke in resident population of London Borough of Barking and
Dagenham is much higher than overall average of London. According to Sir Michael Marmot
who was commissioned to lead a health review on health inequalities in England (Mytton and
et.al., 2018). He calculated health inequalities based on few parameters such as life expectancy,
productivity losses etc. He conducted a survey to reduce health inequality and lead a research
group on health inequalities for almost 35 years. His main area of research was heart diseases
and Strokes. He studied health inequalities for heart diseases and strokes as well as studied their
causes, ways such health inequalities can be reduced as well as estimated the overall cost of such
health inequalities.
According to recent research it has been seen that cases of stroke in younger generation is
much more as compared to older generation i.e. people from age group 45 and above. Health
inequality in resident population can be defined as the life expectancy rate of resident population
is much more as compared to average rate of London. One of the main reason for this is poverty,
lifestyle, education. According to a survey more than 12% population are not even graduate and
more than 30% of population live in poverty. Due to such reason life expectancy of resident
population as also decreased (Donkin and Marmot., 2017). There are many more reason for this
health inequality such as overcrowded housing, poor diet which directly or indirectly affect the
well being and health of individuals.
Social determinants of health
Social determinants of health can be defined as all the social and economic conditions that
influence an individual or a group of people in different health status. In other words they are the
health promoting factors that are found in one's working conditions or livings such as: wealth,
income, power etc. There are various determinants of health that affects the health factors of an

individual or a group such as: Income, social status, working conditions, employment, education,
physical environment and many more (Greenwood, De Leeuw and Lindsay., 2018).
Social determinants related to stroke health issue are: one of the main social determinant for
stroke is Unemployment due to less educated people. Employment rate of resident population is
much below than the overall average of London. More than 12% of people are not even graduate.
Poverty is another social determinant for stroke as more than 30% of population are still living
under poverty which is much higher than overall average of London which is 20.6%. Due to
unemployment more than 35% of families have low family income and some of them even have
overcrowded houses. These are the main social determinants of resident population who suffers
from stroke (Garg and et.al., 2015).
Policies issues relating to residents population
There are various local or national policies that affects health and social issues in many
ways. The main of policies and procedures in health and asocial care is to get desired outcome
for all the related health and social care issues. There are many government organizations that
have their own local health policies and there are various national policies that governs health
and social care in nation.
National and local policies
Local Policies: Various government organizations like NHS have their own health and safety
policy that ensures health and safety in organizations. If any stroke patient is admitted then they
are directly send to emergency department. For this they also conduct a sentinel stroke national
audit program where quality of stroke care in NHS is seen (Luengo-Fernandez, Leal and Gray.,
2015). They also have information security policy in their organization where information of all
the patients including stroke patients is kept private i.e. it cannot be shared with others. They also
have an emergency department policy which says that if any emergency patients like stroke
patients are admitted then they should be treated first without any delay. Many local government
organizations such as NHS are also maintaining GP registrations which will help in identifying
all the stroke patients so that primary care treatment can be provided to them.
National Policies: Government has build a stroke association strategy where all the stroke
patients can be easily identified and can be cured easily so that life expectancy rate can be
improved. This strategy will also help in preventing stroke or reducing stroke rate year by year.
The stroke association made by government has their policies affected due to Brexit (Rexrode

and Rundek., 2016). Brexit has resulted in change in policies due to which they had change their
policies and stroke services so that all the patients can have access to all the services provided by
the association. Government has also made some guidelines for reduction of smoking tobacco as
it is also one of the minute reason for stroke which comes under poor living conditions.
Describe the policies
All the above policies and guidelines focus on reduction of stroke patients and proper
treatment of stroke patients. Like stroke association focuses on reduction and treatment of stroke
patients by implementing various guidelines. Government organizations like NHS has build an
emergency department where stroke patients can be given primary care and treatment.
All these government organizations and local or national policies focuses on wider
determinants of the heath. Most of the policies focus directly on stroke health issue but few of
them such as guidelines on reduction of smoking tobacco focuses indirectly on stroke health
issue as poor living conditions is one of the main reason of stroke so by reducing smoking stroke
patients number can be reduced. All such policies are not sufficient enough to reduce stroke
health issue in resident populations. More efforts are needed to be taken so that such patients can
be identified at an early stage only and can be provided with primary care treatment for stroke
patients. All the above discussed policies are able to address the social determinant of health
such as: Government stroke association strategy was build so that all the stroke patients can be
identified.
Public Health Provisions in borough
Many government organizations in borough are trying and attempting to provide health
care services to their population through public health care provisions. In other words it can be
defined as act of providing or supplying anything. Public health can be defined as an act of
preventing diseases, promote human health through organized efforts of society, organizations
and government. All the governments try to analyse the overall health of their public as well as
all the threats they will face on the basis of public health. Public health can be managed by
providing health services to all the individuals of the population and by focusing on all the social
determinants of the society. Main focus of public health interventions is to manage and prevent
injuries, diseases, health condition surveillance promoting healthy behaviour etc. Public health
mainly aims to improve the quality of life through treatment and prevention of diseases, threats

to lives including all the health issues like strokes, mental illness (Westwood and et.al., 2015). It
can be achieved by doing surveillance of health cases indicators by promoting healthy behaviour.
One of the main provision of CVD is high quality care and educating people in order to
improve life enhancing services. Whitehead's topology of interventions and practices are
completely based in order to tackel all health inequalities. There are various categories under
which health inequalities are reduced such as: strengthening individuals in order to increase the
capabilities of an individuals. Second is strengthening communities for people to participate in
society for their dignity and self respect etc.
There are many provisions through which health care can be managed and improved in
borough by, focusing on improvement of many government health and social care organizations
like health care policies of such government organizations can be improved so that stroke
patients can be treated well enough. They can even try to improve treatment methods and health
care of Organizations like PHE, NHS etc. This will help in tackling all the main social
determinants of stroke health issue so that number of stroke patients can be reduced and treated
well. Most of the health care organizations focus on age group of 50 years and above due to
which 16 to 49 years of age group are left unattended. Due to this stroke number in youngsters is
continuously increasing as they are no looked after. This is one of the gap in the current health
care provision. Many healthcare camps or programs organized by government or organizations
do not focus on poverty social determinant factor which is also a factor for increasing umber of
stroke patients. These provisions can be improved by organizing health and social care
awareness camps for both patients and professions so that social determinants such as poverty
can also be tackled. People can get aware about various social determinant facts due to which
stroke heath issue is increasing as well as all the health inequalities can be reduced and stroke
patients can be taken care of in a better way.
CONCLUSION
From the above report it has been concluded that health issue such as stroke is much
more common in resident population of London within the age group of 16 years to 65 years. In
the above report demographic profile of resident population has been given with complete
details, based on the demographic profile health issue in them has been identified. Health
inequalities among resident population is also explained. Based on this information all the policy
issues related to resident population is also explained with all the public provision in borough.

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Balogun, I.O., and et.al., 2016. Thrombin generation in acute ischaemic stroke. Stroke research
and treatment, 2016.
Butland, B.K., and et.al., 2017. Air pollution and the incidence of ischaemic and haemorrhagic
stroke in the South London Stroke Register: a case–cross-over analysis. J Epidemiol
Community Health, 71(7), pp.707-712.
Chen, R., and et.al., 2015. Association between socioeconomic deprivation and functional
impairment after stroke: the South London Stroke Register. Stroke, 46(3), pp.800-805.
Donkin, A. and Marmot, M., 2017. HEALTH INEQUALITIES AND THE IMPORTANCE OF
ACTION ON PERINATAL RISK FACTORS. Transforming Infant Wellbeing:
Research, Policy and Practice for the First 1001 Critical Days, p.8.
Garg, A., and et.al., 2015. Addressing social determinants of health at well child care visits: a
cluster RCT. Pediatrics, 135(2), pp.e296-e304.
Greenwood, M., De Leeuw, S. and Lindsay, N.M. eds., 2018. Determinants of Indigenous
Peoples' Health: Beyond the Social. Canadian Scholars.
Gulli, G., and et.al., 2016. Differences in the distribution of stroke subtypes in a UK black stroke
population–final results from the South London Ethnicity and Stroke Study. BMC
medicine, 14(1), p.77.
Luengo-Fernandez, R., Leal, J. and Gray, A., 2015. UK research spend in 2008 and 2012:
comparing stroke, cancer, coronary heart disease and dementia. BMJ open, 5(4),
p.e006648.
Mytton, O.T., and et.al., 2018. The current and potential health benefits of the National Health
Service Health Check cardiovascular disease prevention programme in England: A
microsimulation study. PLoS medicine, 15(3), p.e1002517.
Rexrode, K. and Rundek, T., 2016. Body mass index and stroke in UK women:“Obesity
paradox” revisited.
Westwood, S., and et.al., 2015. Good practice in health and social care provision for LGBT older
people in the UK. Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Trans Health Inequalities: International
Perspectives in Social Work. Policy Press, Bristol. pp.145-158.