Ballarat City Health and Safety Analysis

This assignment examines the health and safety landscape of Ballarat City. It explores the role of government at various levels in ensuring public well-being through policies, budget allocation, and collaboration with non-governmental organizations. The analysis delves into emergency services provided by institutions like Ambulance Victoria and St. John, highlighting the government's commitment to healthcare crisis response. Additionally, it discusses the Ballarat City Wellbeing and Public Health Plan, which aims to address key health priorities and challenges within the community.

Running head: HEALTH AND SOCIAL DETERMINANTS 1
Health and Social Determinants
Report on Community Profile of Ballarat City
Author’s Name
Institutional Affiliation

HEALTH AND SOCIAL DETERMINANTS 2
Report on Community Profile of Ballarat City
Community Profile Report
City of Ballarat
November, 2017
Population
Total population: 108,762
Gender ratio: 44,879 males
48,622 females
Ages
■ 0 – 14 18,164
■ 15 – 24 14,301
■ 25 – 34 11,652
■ 35 – 44 12,096
■ 45 – 54 12,298
■ 55 – 64 10,852
■ 65+ 14,139
Transport and
Access
39.6% own private car/s
Diversity of
Population
Born in Australia: 498,374
Aboriginal/TI : 2016
Asian: 544
Indian: 972
European: 5656
Languages spoken at home:
English: 88.5
Chinese: 8.6%
Other: 2.9%
Religion:
Catholic: 29.9% %
Muslim: 1.4% %
Anglican: 11.7% %
(Compared to 57%)
Weekly income
Per household: $ 1,098
(Vic average: $1,419/week)
Note:
Wendouree (3355) and
Delacombe (3356) were two
of the most disadvantaged
postcodes in Victoria.
Employment
8.8 % population employed
Part time 34.8 %
Fulltime: 61.6%
Unemployment rate: 3.6%

HEALTH AND SOCIAL DETERMINANTS 3
7.8% use public transport
5.7% require disability
access
7.8% households did not
have a car
(Vic average: 8.4%)
Housing
36.1% population own their
own home
25.7% population renting
Average dwelling: 6 bed to
4 bath
Gaps/Needs:
Equity issues:
Services required:
Vulnerable groups:
(Vic average 18.4%)
Safety
Crime rate: 40/1000
(Vic average: 20.5/1000)
Types of Crime
Assault: 2.9
Theft: 12.7
Sexual: 11.2
95.2% residents feel safe in
community at night
(Vic average: 65.0%)
Services
Private/Public:
Social/Welfare:
Protection:
Risk factors:
Type of Employment:
Trade: 15.2%
Health: 9.5%
Retail: 11.1%
Professional: 20.9%
Other: 1.8%
Education
Private Schools: 1,280
Public Schools: 8,358
Tertiary institutions: 2,069
Completed year 12: 20.9%
(Vic average: 26.1%)
Left high school: 14.2%
Tertiary Qualifications: 17.3%
Trade Qualifications: 13.6%
Nursing implications when practicing in THIS community?
There is a community health team in the Ballarat and these group aims at delivering

HEALTH AND SOCIAL DETERMINANTS 4
extensive range of initiatives and services. The nursing group offers a variety of assistance which includes
screening, raising awareness and risk factors regarding health activities as well as educating the community on
healthy lifestyle behaviors. The community nursing practices in the city plays an essential role by providing
education programs, responding to community and clients’ needs across all the age groups (Cowie Scott,
Fletcher, & Graffeo, 2013). However, health promotions as well as illness preventions are some of the major
factors and determinants which one must put into consideration.
Social Determinants
There is overpowering confirmation that social elements have significant impacts on wellbeing.
Youngsters are especially touchy to social determinants, particularly in the early years. Life course models see
wellbeing as a formative procedure, the result of various quality and condition associations. Unfavorable early
social exposures move toward becoming modified into natural frameworks, setting off chains of hazard that
can bring about perpetual ailment in midlife and past. Positive wellbeing advancing impacts can set in
movement a more ethical and wellbeing attesting cycle, prompting more ideal wellbeing directions. Mounting
a compelling reaction to social determinants will include both direct social arrangement activities intended to
dispense with destitution and disparity, and circuitous methodologies concentrated on upsetting pathways
between social dangers and weakness results.
To be compelling, these roundabout procedures will require out and out a change of existing tyke
wellbeing frameworks. Guardians and experts must cooperate starting from the earliest stage, raising open
mindfulness about social determinants of wellbeing and executing cross-area put based activities intended to
advance positive wellbeing in adolescence (Fuller, & Thollander, 2013, January ).
Health Priority Areas
The City of Ballarat has three main health concerns. These are: health eating, prevention of
violence and injuries improving on mental health (Anderson, 2013).
As well as addressing other chronic diseases such as :
 Cancer: 0.5% (1:4%)

HEALTH AND SOCIAL DETERMINANTS 5
 Heart Disease: 6.4% (Vic average: 8.9%)
 Osteoporosis: 4.4% (17:5%)
 Arthritis: 21.9% (15.1%) Type 2 Diabetes: 5.6% (Vic average: 5.2%) Here you can write WHY this is the
case for YOUR
Community (max 100
words)
Healthy Eating
32.9% of population were overweight and
18.8% were classed as Obese.
(Vic average: 21.9% Overweight, 19.0% Obese)
3.0% population meet daily Australian
Guidelines for fruit and vegetable intake.
(Vic average: 46.8%)
13.4% meet daily water intake. (Vic average: 9.8%)
Mental Health
17.2% population suffers Mental illnesses.
Mental illness is also another key and prompt challenge which faces Ballarat city and this is even higher as
compared to the towns.

HEALTH AND SOCIAL DETERMINANTS 6
(Vic average: 17.5%)
23.6% have been diagnosed with Depression
or Anxiety
(Vic average: 26.9%)
Tobacco
The rate of Tobacco smoking in the city is higher compared to other cities such as Victoria and this is evident
with percentage of 15.6% and 13.7% respectively. Moreover, the number of males smoking is higher that of
females because of the natural laws and gender politics in the country.
15.6% population smoke
(Vic average: 13.7%)
Males: 24.9% (Vic average: 8.7%)
Females: 22.7% (Vic average: 5.0%)
4.8% population have chronic respiratory
Diseases. (Vic average: 4.5%)
32.3% population have high blood pressure
(Vic average: 23.7%)
References

HEALTH AND SOCIAL DETERMINANTS 7
Adams, M. C. (2015). A documentation standard for the maternal and child health nurse
in Victoria.
Anderson, R. (2013). Moving from the city to the country. Australian Journal of Rural
Health, 21(1), 55-55.
Balasubramanian, V., & Stranieri, A. (2014, December). A scalable cloud Platform for
Active healthcare monitoring applications. In e-Learning, e-Management and e-
Services (IC3e), 2014 IEEE Conference on (pp. 93-98). IEEE.
Balkumar, K., Thomas, R. A., Anbuudayasankar, S. P., Ganesh, K., Silvian, S. P., &
Joy, G. V. (2014). Effective healthcare management in India–the role of
knowledge management. International Journal of Value Chain
Management, 7(2), 97-723.
Bodsworth, E. (2014). Investing in local people and harnessing local communities: a
progress report on Victoria's Work and Learning Centres.
Council, A. R. C., Council, G. P. S., & Co-op, G. G. A. (2016). as part of the Victorian
Women’s Health Services Leading Regional Action to Prevent Violence against
Women and Children Project. We acknowledge the Victorian Government for
funding the development of this Plan, and the ongoing support of the Honorable
Fiona Richardson MP, Minister for the Prevention of Family Violence and
Minister for Women.
Council, B. H. H. B. C., Pizza, P. M., Party–Host, C., & VK3VT, C. (2013).
Cowie Scott, M., Fletcher, R., & Graffeo, M. (2013). Getting in early: a multi-phase
approach to community engagement and mental health training.
Crowe, J. (2013). A family inclusive mental health organisation: what does it look like.

HEALTH AND SOCIAL DETERMINANTS 8
CUSHING, N., QUINN, K., & MCMILLEN, C. (2015). UNIVERSITY OF
NEWCASTLE: RECASTING THE CITY OF NEWCASTLE AS A UNIVER-
CITY—THE JOURNEY FROM “OLDE” NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE TO
THE NEW SILK ROAD. In UNIVER-CITIES: STRATEGIC VIEW OF THE
FUTURE: FROM BERKELEY AND CAMBRIDGE TO SINGAPORE AND
RISING ASIA (pp. 93-118).
Evans, S. (2014). Sue Dean in conversation with Sue Evans December 2013 in Ballarat,
Victoria. Australian Journal of Herbal Medicine, 26(2), 66.
Framework, A. Q. (2013). Australian qualifications framework. Australian
Qualifications Framework Council.
Fuller, R. J., & Thollander, P. (2013, January). Lessons from the greenest city. In
Proceedings of the 2013 Urban Design Conference (pp. 54-61). Urban Design
Australia.
Gopeni, A. (2016). A Feedback Loop Model to Facilitate Communication Between
Citizens and Local Government in a Smart City (Doctoral dissertation,
University of Fort Hare).
GREEN, C., POLAZZI, L., O'LOUGHLIN, E. R. I. N., & TRAVERSO, V. (2016,
November). Ethnography Is the Pathmaker to Better Care: Paving the Way to a
Patient‐centric Healthcare Model. In Ethnographic Praxis in Industry
Conference Proceedings (Vol. 2016, No. 1, pp. 57-70).
HUNTINGTON, S., & SMITH, S. K. (2014). UNIVER-CITY OF MELBOURNE:
CASE OF MEDICAL REGIONALITY. Univer-Cities: Strategic View of the

HEALTH AND SOCIAL DETERMINANTS 9
Future: From Berkeley and Cambridge to Singapore and Rising AsiaVolume II,
261.
Irungbam, R. S. (2016). The Model of Smart Cities in Theory and in Practice. Journal
for Studies in Management and Planning, 2(4), 156-187.
Li, I. W., & Miller, P. W. (2013). The absorption of recent graduates into the Australian
labour market: Variations by university attended and field of study. Australian
Economic Review, 46(1), 14-30.
Ng, L. F., Russell Broadbent, L. L. B., & Teper, Y. (2016). A Perspective on the
Emergence of Healthcare Sham Peer Reviews in Australia—Past, Present, and
Future. Journal of American Physicians and Surgeons, 21(4), 118-124.
Pettigrew, M. R. (2015). RESPONSE TO AUSTRALIAN INFRASTRUCTURE
AUDIT OF MAY 2015.
Piccart-Gebhart, M., Holmes, E., Baselga, J., De Azambuja, E., Dueck, A. C., Viale, G.,
... & McCullough, A. E. (2015). Adjuvant lapatinib and trastuzumab for early
human epidermal growth factor receptor 2–positive breast cancer: results from
the randomized phase III adjuvant lapatinib and/or trastuzumab treatment
optimization trial. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 34(10), 1034-1042.
Ratcliff, S., & Wilson, S. (2015). Rural conservative, inner‐city elites, and suburban
aspirationals: Geographic variation in income voting in Australia. In Australian
Political Studies Association annual conference, Canberra.
Salih, A. S. M., & Abraham, A. (2014). Novel Ensemble Decision Support and Health
Care Monitoring System. Journal of Network and Innovative
Computing, 2(2014), 041-051.

HEALTH AND SOCIAL DETERMINANTS 10
Tomaszewski, J. M., Crook, S., Wan, K., Scott, L., & Foroudi, F. (2017). A case study
evaluating deep inspiration breath‐hold and intensity‐modulated radiotherapy to
minimise long‐term toxicity in a young patient with bulky mediastinal Hodgkin
lymphoma. Journal of medical radiation sciences, 64(1), 69-75.
Fieldwork Workbook: weeks 1-2
People and Culture
Element 1: HISTORY
Ballarat City is located in Australia along the western part in Victoria and it covers about 740
square kilometres based on the 2016 census. The city has a population of about 101,686 and the majority of
people living in the urban reside from the Greater Ballarat metropolitan area. On the other hand, there are
those people who reside from other areas which include Buninyong, Waubra, Addington and Learmonth.
Ballarat city was formed in 1994 and the formation of the city was drawn from the union of key cities such
as Ballaarat, Borough of Sebastopol Shire of Ballarat, Shire of Buninyong, Shire of Bungaree as well as
Shire of Ripon and Shire of Grenville (Framework, 2013).
Observations (include photos) Data and Comparisons (LGA) Resources & References

HEALTH AND SOCIAL DETERMINANTS 11
The are more European as
compared to Asian and Indians in
the country. There are more
female in the country as compared
to male persons in the country.
Adams, M. C. (2015). A
documentation standard for
the maternal and child
health nurse in Victoria.
Anderson, R. (2013).
Moving from the city to the
country. Australian Journal
of Rural Health, 21(1), 55-
55.
Summary and Analysis:
In understanding the role of health, it important to examine the history of Ballarat Community. Some of the
community outfits which plays a significant role in society. The government policies and structure, culture
and demography are viewed as the key influencers to the healthcare system manifested in the Ballarat city.
In fact, the culture and level of education dictate the understanding of healthcare crisis in the city as a whole
(Crowe, 2013).
Element 2: DEMOGRAPHICS
Thinking back most recent six years of Ballarat's populace, the develop rate is exceptionally steady and solid
running from 1.25% to 7%, adding around 1,065 to 6,521 individuals every year to the general populace. Part

HEALTH AND SOCIAL DETERMINANTS 12
of specialists was moving to Ballarat to exploit business openings in tourism industry, which adds to the
populace development. Less expensive lodging cost contrasted and Melbourne additionally influences
individuals to live here. Then again, Ballarat is a famous city for oversea understudies (Li et al., 2013).
Observations (include photos) Data and Comparisons (LGA) Resources & References
The demographic distribution of
the country mainly represented as
follows: religious cosmetics of
Ballarat is 29.8% No religion,
29.9% Catholic, 8.7% Religious
connection not expressed, 11.7%
Anglican, 7.0% Uniting Church,
2.5% Presbyterian and Reformed,
2.0% Christian, 1.4% Other
religious alliance, 1.0% Churches
of Christ, 0.9% Other Religious
Groups
Balasubramanian, V., & Stranieri,
A. (2014, December). A scalable
cloud Platform for Active
healthcare monitoring
applications. In e-Learning, e-
Management and e-Services
(IC3e), 2014 IEEE Conference on
(pp. 93-98). IEEE
Balkumar, K., Thomas, R. A.,
Anbuudayasankar, S. P., Ganesh,
K., Silvian, S. P., & Joy, G. V.
(2014). Effective healthcare
management in India–the role of
knowledge management.
International Journal of Value
Chain Management, 7(2), 97-723.
Summary and Analysis:
As indicated by Australia statistics, the main five nation of birth for individuals in Ballarat are: Australia,
India, New Zealand, England as well as China. The best five dialects talked in Ballarat are: English,
Cantonese, Italian, Mandarin and Punjabi. The religious cosmetics of Ballarat is 29.8% No religion, 29.9%
Catholic, 8.7% Religious connection not expressed, 11.7% Anglican, 7.0% Uniting Church, 2.5%
Presbyterian and Reformed, 2.0% Christian, 1.4% Other religious alliance, 1.0% Churches of Christ, 0.9%

HEALTH AND SOCIAL DETERMINANTS 13
Other Religious Groups (Council et al., 2013).
Element 3: CULTURE and RELIGION
The City of Ballarat's religion insights give a pointer of social character and ethnicity when seen in
conjunction with other key factors. Religion information uncovers the significant convergences of religions
and also uncovering the extent of individuals with no religious alliance. There are various purposes behind
various religious pieces crosswise over zones including the nation of birth and ethnic foundation of the
populace, the age of the populace and changes in qualities and conviction frameworks (HUNTINGTON &
SMITH, 2014).
Observations (include photos) Data and Comparisons (LGA) Resources & References
The comparison analysis on the
culture and religion shown that
Catholic: 29.9%, Muslim: 1.4%
% and Anglican: 11.7% %.
However, the overall culture and
religion ranging gives it a total of
about 57% in comparison to other
cities such as Victoria.
Bodsworth, E. (2014). Investing in
local people and harnessing local
communities: a progress report on
Victoria's Work and Learning
Centres.
Council, A. R. C., Council, G. P.
S., & Co-op, G. G. A. (2016). as
part of the Victorian Women’s
Health Services Leading Regional
Action to Prevent Violence against
Women and Children Project. We
acknowledge the Victorian
Government for funding the

HEALTH AND SOCIAL DETERMINANTS 14
development of this Plan, and the
ongoing support of the Honorable
Fiona Richardson MP, Minister
for the Prevention of Family
Violence and Minister for Women.
Summary and Analysis:
Similarly as with sex and masculinity, decent variety can impact wellbeing and prosperity. Infrequently the
effect is immediate and self-evident. For instance, individuals living with inabilities confront wellbeing
challenges that individuals without handicaps don't. In any case, assorted variety additionally influences
wellbeing in ways that might be more subtle or direct. For example, screening hardware for bosom as well as
cervical disease is frequently not worked to oblige individuals with handicaps, consequently expanding their
danger of living with an undiscovered malignancy (Evans, 2014, p 66).
Fieldwork Workbook: weeks 3-4
Environment and Accessibility
Element 4: PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT
The Environment Sustainability Plan is the City of Ballarat's structure for a more practical future. Expanding
on the establishment of the Council's past protection procedures, this system gives an arrangement of useful
activities that will help convey Council's essential condition and manageability responsibilities. Ballarat has
a solid situation in contrast with Melbourne; be that as it may, as a developing provincial city there is issues
including contamination, conduit wellbeing as well as intrusive species. Air quality is for the most part great;
however clean an issue is now and then in the late spring months and woodsmoke from chimneys is an issue
in the winter months (Salih, & Abraham, 2014). Ballarat's conduits have generally been influenced by
substantial contamination from both mining and industry. The Ballarat Environment Network framed in
1993 to give a voice to ecological and nature protection issues in Ballarat and encompasses. Another

HEALTH AND SOCIAL DETERMINANTS 15
expansive entryway assembles for maintainability in the city is the Ballarat Renewable Energy and Zero
Emissions framed in 2006. The City of Ballarat has embarked on Environment Sustainability Policy and this
existed in the city since 2007 (Balasubramanian, & Stranieri, 2014, December).
Observations (include photos) Data and Comparisons (LGA) Resources & References
Ballarat has a solid situation in
contrast with Melbourne; be that
as it may, as a developing
provincial city there is issues
including contamination, conduit
wellbeing as well as intrusive
species. Air quality is for the most
part great; however clean an issue
is now and then in the late spring
months and woodsmoke from
chimneys is an issue in the winter
months
Council, B. H. H. B. C., Pizza, P.
M., Party–Host, C., & VK3VT, C.
(2013).
Cowie Scott, M., Fletcher, R., &
Graffeo, M. (2013). Getting in
early: a multi-phase approach to
community engagement and
mental health training.
Summary and Analysis:
In the event that the city made a pledge to populace adjustment and asset protection, then it will is in a better
and ready position to address the difficulties of reasonable improvement. Rehearsing economic advancement
requires a mix of savvy open venture, viable regular asset administration, cleaner horticultural and modern
innovations, less contamination, and slower populace development. Stresses over a "populace bomb" may
have reduced as richness rates have fallen, yet the total populace is anticipated to keep growing until the
centre of the century. Exactly when it settles and subsequently the level at which it balances out will

HEALTH AND SOCIAL DETERMINANTS 16
powerfully affect expectations for everyday comforts and the worldwide condition. As populace measure
keeps on achieving levels at no other time experienced, and per capita utilization rises, the earth remains in a
critical state (Bodsworth, 2014).
Element 5: RECREATION
Currently, Ballarat city is developing its ten-year work plan for improving and strategizing for play space.
Recreation and sporting forms the basis of communication as well as communication in the country. In fact,
the city municipality has embarked on designing and developing quality play grounds in both the urbans and
the rural areas in the society. Playing not only provide an opportunity for children to enjoy but also viewed to
have great impact among the adults in the community. Furthermore, the Ballarat city government views
sporting and recreation as a key and epitome role which is meant for everyone across the board. Another, key
recreation activity in the community is gambling and casino which the city has as well (Balkumar, Thomas,
Anbuudayasankar, Ganesh, Silvian, & Joy, 2014).
Observations (include photos) Data and Comparisons (LGA) Resources & References
There are a number social and
recreational facilities in the city
managed by the municipality
however, the government is in the
process of installing more
facilities as compared to other
cities such as Victoria.
Crowe, J. (2013). A family
inclusive mental health
organisation: what does it look
like.
CUSHING, N., QUINN, K., &
MCMILLEN, C. (2015).
UNIVERSITY OF
NEWCASTLE: RECASTING
THE CITY OF NEWCASTLE AS
A UNIVER-CITY—THE
JOURNEY FROM “OLDE”

HEALTH AND SOCIAL DETERMINANTS 17
NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE TO
THE NEW SILK ROAD. In
UNIVER-CITIES: STRATEGIC
VIEW OF THE FUTURE: FROM
BERKELEY AND CAMBRIDGE
TO SINGAPORE AND RISING
ASIA (pp. 93-118).
Summary and Analysis:
As a way of improving the recreation sector in the community, City of Ballarat has embraced a Facilities Plan
to deliberately survey and gives a sign of foundation prerequisites, scene openings and needs for White Flat
Recreation Reserve. The plan tries to secure the character of the save and guarantee the upgrade of the
donning, social, natural and legacy esteems, while considering and obliging the long haul improvement goals
of the occupant group gatherings, clubs and nearby inhabitants (Adams, 2015).
Element 6: MOBILITY and TRANSPORTATION
Assembly officers are working in conjunction with Public and private Transport Victoria on an idea of
another high recurrence spine open transport arranges to be executed in stages finished the following 20-30
years. The proposed approach tries to work towards 5 minute recurrence benefits between key hubs, upheld
by an arrangement of feeder transport courses from more rural goals. The idea would evacuate the
requirement for a timetable on key courses, giving certainty to the group that they can simply stroll up to a
transport stop and an administration will be under 5 minutes away. Similarly, trading in this model is
consistent as the recurrence accommodates insignificant time spent sitting tight for an associating

HEALTH AND SOCIAL DETERMINANTS 18
administration. Better co-appointment of timetables amongst transport and prepare benefits additionally
enhances the accommodation of open transport (Ratcliff, & Wilson, 2015).
Observations (include photos) Data and Comparisons (LGA) Resources & References
Statistical analysis on the
transportation and access
establishes that 39.6% own private
cars while 7.8% uses public
transport in the city. It also evident
that about 5.7% are in need of
disability access transport system
in the city in comparison to other
cities.
Evans, S. (2014). Sue Dean in
conversation with Sue Evans
December 2013 in Ballarat,
Victoria. Australian Journal of
Herbal Medicine, 26(2), 66.
Framework, A. Q. (2013).
Australian qualifications
framework. Australian
Qualifications Framework
Council
Summary and Analysis:
Setting up the proposed example of a point to point spine open transport organize gives adaptability to
redesign the administrations after some time as request increments, and makes it more suitable to consider
transport need measures in the short-medium term, with a view towards additionally moves up to light
rail/cable car benefits over the long haul if there is adequate request. Such an approach would make open
transport a favoured method for moving around the city, as the streets turn out to be progressively congested
and the cost of running an auto and discovering stopping increments after some time (CUSHING, QUINN, &

HEALTH AND SOCIAL DETERMINANTS 19
MCMILLEN, 2015).
Fieldwork Workbook: weeks 5-6
Socioeconomic State and Connection
Element 7: ECONOMY
Information discharged by realcommercial.com.au in July 2016 has demonstrated that Ballarat is
the number one area construct look in light of the site inside the limits of the territory of Victoria. This is
suggestive that financial specialists inspired by Victorian business land are appreciating looking for
circumstances accessible inside Ballarat. Ballarat is viewed as an undeniably prosperous provincial capital,
with great rail transport connects to Melbourne, and a differing and unconcentrated financial base
incorporating the assembling, instruction, social insurance, tourism/friendliness and country parts. The
decent variety of business sorts, and suitable day by day drive transport connects to the Melbourne CBD
gives a very strong salary base, both locally inside its city points of confinement and satellite rural areas and
from the money infusion accessible from specialists who drive to Melbourne (Pettigrew, 2015). Territorial
Development Victoria (RDV) gauges that the city of Ballarat will encounter a rate of 1.9% for every annum
compound populace development until 2031, likening to an expansion in populace of ~35% from its 2016
level of ~100,000 to around 135,000 occupants. In the five year time frame 2009-2014, RDV reports that
there was solid business development in transport, postal and warehousing; power, gas, water and waste
administrations; human services and social help; proficient administrations; development and instruction and
preparing (Piccart-Gebhart et al., 2015).
Observations (include photos) Data and Comparisons (LGA) Resources & References

HEALTH AND SOCIAL DETERMINANTS 20
Territorial Development Victoria
(RDV) gauges that the city of
Ballarat encounter s a rate of 1.9%
for every annum compound
populace development which has
to exist till 2031, likening to an
expansion in populace of ~35%
from its 2016 level of ~100,000 to
around 135,000 occupants.
Fuller, R. J., & Thollander, P.
(2013, January). Lessons from the
greenest city. In Proceedings of
the 2013 Urban Design
Conference (pp. 54-61). Urban
Design Australia.
Gopeni, A. (2016). A Feedback
Loop Model to Facilitate
Communication Between Citizens
and Local Government in a Smart
City (Doctoral dissertation,
University of Fort Hare).
Summary and Analysis:
Access to prompt and quality health care in the socioeconomic status is key and significantly
important in the community. In fact, the population of those individual adults with little education in the
community is greatly important and thus, contributes to the percent of low income earners in the community.
Therefore, the low income earners are not able insure themselves and thus contributing to the medical care
witness in the community. In fact, medical problems are evident in areas which include treatment and
screening of patients (Council et al., 2016).
Element 8: EDUCATION

HEALTH AND SOCIAL DETERMINANTS 21
Education system in the Ballarat mainly classified into three key classes which include pre-school,
primary as well as subordinate and tertiary education. There are two universities, many primary as well as
secondary schools I Ballarat City. The tertiary education entry to the university is through the use of
Australian Tertiary Admission Rank also known as ATAR and the ranking are done upon the completion of
twelve years in training. Instructive Qualifications identify with training outside of essential and auxiliary
school and are a standout amongst the most vital markers of financial status. With other information sources,
for example, Employment Status, Income and Occupation, the City of Ballarat's Educational Qualifications
help to assess the financial open doors and financial status of the zone and distinguish ability holes in the
work advertise (Irungbam, 2016).
Observations (include photos) Data and Comparisons (LGA) Resources & References
The comparison and anlaysis on
education system mainly
represented as follows
Private Schools: 1,280
Public Schools: 8,358
Tertiary institutions: 2,069
Completed year 12: 20.9%
Left high school: 14.2%
Tertiary Qualifications: 17.3%
Trade Qualifications: 13.6%
However, the country ranking
places the city at (Vic average:
26.1%) as far as education system
is concerned.
GREEN, C., POLAZZI, L.,
O'LOUGHLIN, E. R. I. N., &
TRAVERSO, V. (2016,
November). Ethnography Is the
Pathmaker to Better Care: Paving
the Way to a Patient‐centric
Healthcare Model. In
Ethnographic Praxis in Industry
Conference Proceedings (Vol.
2016, No. 1, pp. 57-70).
HUNTINGTON, S., & SMITH, S.
K. (2014). UNIVER-CITY OF
MELBOURNE: CASE OF
MEDICAL REGIONALITY.
Univer-Cities: Strategic View of
the Future: From Berkeley and
Cambridge to Singapore and
Rising AsiaVolume II, 261.

HEALTH AND SOCIAL DETERMINANTS 22
Summary and Analysis
As noted before, the variables encompassing the connection amongst instruction and wellbeing are the subject
of research in various controls that are of uneven quality, and shutting the many gaps in the proof is an
examination need. Boss among these is the dependence on cross-sectional and environmental confirmation
that does not enough prod separated issues of endogeneity and leaves numerous unanswered inquiries
concerning causal pathways. The exploration challenges are intrinsically transdisciplinary, requiring the
coordination of customary populace wellbeing sciences with social and political science, training research,
and the utilization of blended strategies to mix quantitative and subjective bits of knowledge. Gauges of
confirmation utilized for clinical adequacy are not generally appropriate to these themes. A specific need
exists to connect the partition between examine in populace wellbeing and instruction and to share work over
the storehouses to accomplish more coordinated research standards. Future research ought to likewise address
the part of logical variables encompassing the individual components of the socioecological show, and their
aggregate conduct as perplexing frameworks, through re-enactment demonstrating and other present day
devices for prescient examination. At last, the exploration motivation must address the data needs of
policymakers, partners, and change operators who are situated to make enhancements in instruction and
wellbeing.
Element 9: INTERACTION
All individuals have some capacity to deal with their wellbeing and the soundness of those they administer to.
In any case, with the expanding multifaceted nature of wellbeing data and social insurance settings, the vast
majority require extra data, abilities, and strong connections to meet their wellbeing needs. Differences in
access to wellbeing data, administrations, and innovation can bring about lower utilization rates of preventive
administrations, less learning of endless sickness administration, higher rates of hospitalization, and poorer
detailed wellbeing status in the Ballarat City (GREEN et at., 2016, November).
Observations (include photos) Data and Comparisons (LGA) Resources & References

HEALTH AND SOCIAL DETERMINANTS 23
Currently, the country has
significant advantages in line with
communication. However, still
there is need to work on extra data
to meet the communication and
interactions which other cities are
privileged with in the meantime.
Irungbam, R. S. (2016). The
Model of Smart Cities in Theory
and in Practice. Journal for Studies
in Management and Planning,
2(4), 156-187.
Li, I. W., & Miller, P. W. (2013).
The absorption of recent graduates
into the Australian labour market:
Variations by university attended
and field of study. Australian
Economic Review, 46(1), 14-30.
Summary and Analysis:
Thoughts regarding wellbeing and practices are formed by the correspondence, data, and innovation that
individuals collaborate with consistently. Wellbeing correspondence and wellbeing data innovation (IT) are
integral to medicinal services, general wellbeing, and the way our general public perspectives wellbeing.
These procedures make up the ways and the setting in which experts and the general population scan for,
comprehend, and utilize wellbeing data, fundamentally affecting their wellbeing choices and activities
( Gopeni, 2016).

HEALTH AND SOCIAL DETERMINANTS 24
Fieldwork Workbook: weeks 7-8
Services and Resources
Element 10: HEALTH/SOCIAL SERVICES
In essence, the Ballarat city has three primary health concerns. These are: healthy eating as well as active
living which a regional priority more so in the Central Highlands, mental health improvement and reducing
ferocity and injury. Healthy Eating: 75.3 % of population has overweight challenge and 8.2 % classed as
obese in Ballarat city. Also, about 49.8 % population has met daily guidelines as far as vegetable intake and
fruit in Australian. Additionally, a population of about 14 % has adequate met daily water intake in the long
run. On the other hand, mental health is also a fundamental crisis in the city. In fact, 8.7 % population in the
current set up suffers from mental illness and 10.9 % this has been diagnosed with depression of anxiety.
Therefore, the mental healthcare in the society plays a significant role just as it does in the other areas which
include Victoria (Tomaszewski, Crook, Wan, Scott, & Foroudi, 2017).
Observations (include photos) Data and Comparisons (LGA) Resources & References

HEALTH AND SOCIAL DETERMINANTS 25
Healthy Eating: 75.3 % of
population has overweight
challenge and 8.2 % classed as
obese in Ballarat city. Also, about
49.8 % population has met daily
guidelines as far as vegetable
intake and fruit in Australian.
Additionally, a population of
about 14 % has adequate met
daily water intake in the long run
Ng, L. F., Russell Broadbent, L.
L. B., & Teper, Y. (2016). A
Perspective on the Emergence of
Healthcare Sham Peer Reviews in
Australia—Past, Present, and
Future. Journal of American
Physicians and Surgeons, 21(4),
118-124.
Pettigrew, M. R. (2015).
RESPONSE TO AUSTRALIAN
INFRASTRUCTURE AUDIT OF
MAY 2015.

HEALTH AND SOCIAL DETERMINANTS 26
Summary and Analysis:
There is overpowering confirmation that social elements have significant impacts on wellbeing. Youngsters
are especially touchy to social determinants, particularly in the early years. Life course models see wellbeing
as a formative procedure, the result of various quality and condition associations. Unfavourable early social
exposures move toward becoming modified into natural frameworks, setting off chains of hazard that can
bring about perpetual ailment in midlife and past. Positive wellbeing advancing impacts can set in movement
a more ethical and wellbeing attesting cycle, prompting more ideal wellbeing directions. Mounting a
compelling reaction to social determinants will include both direct social arrangement activities intended to
dispense with destitution and disparity, and circuitous methodologies concentrated on upsetting pathways
between social dangers and weakness results.
Element 11: SAFETY
In any community set up, safety forms one of the main priorities as far as the development of that area is
concerned. Therefore, the mayor together with the entire council has developed a system of ensuring that
everyone is safe in the city. In fact, the policy developed by the council defines safety as not an issue of
mayor and the police but rather a community based problem which everyone must take a lead in handling.
The technique employed by the people in dealing with the safety mainly based on inclusive, confident and
active participation of all the people living in the city. In essence, the government debates that all people will
be safe if they not only take responsibility but also view safety as a personal environment. Therefore, the city
takes a lead in dealing with safety and security as compared to other areas like Victoria city.
Observations (include photos) Data and Comparisons (LGA) Resources & References

HEALTH AND SOCIAL DETERMINANTS 27
Safety is also a key analysis which
one needs to evaluate in the field.
From the analysis, it is established
that Crime rate is a significant
factor which has a ratio of 40/1000
and it is ranged at a ratio of (Vic
average: 20.5/1000) worldwide.
The types of Crime are classified
as Assault: 2.9, Theft: 12.7 and
Sexual: 11.2 in terms of
percentage.
Piccart-Gebhart, M., Holmes, E.,
Baselga, J., De Azambuja, E.,
Dueck, A. C., Viale, G., ... &
McCullough, A. E. (2015).
Adjuvant lapatinib and
trastuzumab for early human
epidermal growth factor receptor
2–positive breast cancer: results
from the randomized phase III
adjuvant lapatinib and/or
trastuzumab treatment
optimization trial. Journal of
Clinical Oncology, 34(10), 1034-
1042.
Ratcliff, S., & Wilson, S. (2015).
Rural conservative, inner‐city
elites, and suburban aspirationals:
Geographic variation in income
voting in Australia. In Australian
Political Studies Association
annual conference, Canberra.
Summary and Analysis:
The Ballarat City safety is not only a priority to the government but also to the community as a whole.
Therefore, everyone is safe as far as the security of this community is concerned. The safety in the community
is based on inclusive, confident and active participation which gives health a number one priority and thus,
ensures that the population as a whole is safe. Hence, safety in the Ballarat City increases the healthy
environment to both workers and government since the safety is looked at as personal environment.

HEALTH AND SOCIAL DETERMINANTS 28
Element 12: GOVERNMENT/POLITICS
There are different government levels in the Ballarat community and these arms of the administration plays a
significant role in healthcare sector in the city. Some of the arms of the government is constituted in a manner
that it has both the local government headed by the mayor and the legislative assembly which has ward
representatives. The government of Ballarat City has developed a proper budget for dealing with the health
care crisis in the city and this includes even the emergency services. For instance, the medical emergency as
well as paramedic services in the country are mainly provided through some well-designed bodies. The
organs which deal with provision of emergency services include, Ambulance Victoria, St. John, Rural
Ambulance Victoria as well as Ballarat Sordid Hospital ambulance facilities. Thus, the government as
prioritize healthcare services through the assistance of funds and policy implementation programs as depicted
in other states like Victoria.
Observations (include photos) Data and Comparisons (LGA) Resources & References

HEALTH AND SOCIAL DETERMINANTS 29
Government takes a lead in
dealing with crimes as well as in
implementing laws related to
healthcare safety. This gives the
country a lead in comparison to
the other cities like Victoria.
Salih, A. S. M., & Abraham, A.
(2014). Novel Ensemble Decision
Support and Health Care
Monitoring System. Journal of
Network and Innovative
Computing, 2(2014), 041-051.
Tomaszewski, J. M., Crook, S.,
Wan, K., Scott, L., & Foroudi, F.
(2017). A case study evaluating
deep inspiration breath‐hold and
intensity‐modulated radiotherapy
to minimise long‐term toxicity in a
young patient with bulky
mediastinal Hodgkin lymphoma.
Journal of medical radiation
sciences, 64(1), 69-75.
Summary and Analysis:
It is evident from the analysis that the government of Ballarat city plays a significant role in the
health care docket. In fact, the government assists in medical provision through the establishment of policies
and budget allocation. Furthermore, the government assists different non-governmental organisations which
helps by providing emergency services to the community such St. John ambulances. Currently, the local
government is design wellbeing and public health plan which will address critical issues regarding the key
health priorities in the city. The strategic plan is expected to explore on people working, living and learning in
the Ballarat City and the plan implementation is expected to kick off from 2017-to-2021. It aims at achieving
higher levels in the city by addressing and helping in designing prompt solutions to the emerging health crisis
in the country. Furthermore, priority health concerns will focus on community related issues and

HEALTH AND SOCIAL DETERMINANTS 30
acknowledgement on council challenges in the society (Ng et al., 2016).