Health Behavior Theory Goals and Objectives

This article discusses the development of goals and objectives for a health promotion program aimed at modifying health behaviors that contribute to obesity. It includes an overview of different health behavior theories, specific goals and objectives, and potential barriers and challenges. The subject is health behavior theory and the course code and college/university are not mentioned.

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PU505 - Health Behavior Theory: Unit 4 Assignment – Creating Goals and Objectives
Jane R. Smith
Purdue University Global
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GOAL DEVELOPMENT 2
Health Behavior Theory Goals and Objectives
Health Behavior and Summary of Health Behavior Theory
Obesity is a chronic health issue that is characterized by increased weight and
exposes individuals to be affected with various chronic disorders. Recent studies are of the
opinion that about 160 million Americans are either obese or overweight. This chronic condition
not only affects adults but also has become a concern for the American children. About 305 of
the boys and 205 of the girls are found to be obese in the nation. About three quarters of the
American men are obese or overweight. The prevalence of obesity was about 39.8% and this
disorder had affected about 9.3 million people in the United States in 2015-2016. This disorder
has become a concern for the nation. This is because obesity related conditions are seen to
include heart disorders, type-2 diabetes, strokes as well as different forms of the cancer and these
had become some of the leading causes of preventable as well as premature death. Studies have
shown that the estimated annual medical cost of obesity in the United States was $147 billion in
the year 2008. The medial cost associated with the obesity was $1,429 higher than those people
with the normal weight were. Therefore, it is very important for the people of the nation to be
area of the complications that might rise because of the conditions of obesity. Therefore, health
promotion programs need to be developed which would help the people to develop health
literacy and modify their risky behaviors to lessen the prevalence of the disorders. This report
would focus of the health behaviors that contribute to such disorders and accordingly set goals
for the program.

GOAL DEVELOPMENT 3
Health behavior theories:
 Different theories of health behavior can be taken in consideration for analyzing the
health behaviors that make individuals develop obesity. One of them is the direct
modeling theory(Teixeira et al., 2015). This theory states that individuals observe others
in the social network engaging in particular behavior and tend to adopt them (Giles et al.,
2014). Often different food blogging sites and their advertisements along with the
unhealthy behaviors of many people on the social network become some of the
contributors making people adopt risky health habits.
 Another theory is the symbolic modeling theory. This theory states that individuals
become more likely to model different types of behaviors by others especially like any
celebrities that are portrayed by media (Peters et al., 2015). Often it is seen that young
individuals get encouraged to but sweetened beverages, fast foods and many others when
they see their favorite models perform the same behavior on media. This might also
influence their behavior (Hollands et al, 2016).
 Another health behavior model that can also be taken in consideration while developing a
health modification program for the people in the nation is the trans-theoretical model.
Often will-power as well as motivation becomes main component for the changes to the
better health behaviors (Lobstein et al., 2015). The different steps are
 Pre-contemplation – individuals are unaware of the ignorant of the problem
 Contemplation – individuals consider making changes to behaviors due to
development of awareness; health promotion program would help in its
development

GOAL DEVELOPMENT 4
 Preparation – individuals commit the change and organize steps to enact the
changes
 Action – the individuals change their behaviors for enacting the change
 Maintenance – individuals need to sustain the change over six months to prevent
the relapse
Therefore, this theoretical model would help in identifying the behaviors and accordingly
develop goals to change the thinking procedures and develop awareness to alter their behaviors.
Goals and Objectives
Reason: Health education would develop awareness of the issues and the risk factors along with
complications that may arise with obesity. Moreover, developing awareness and health literacy
levels would encourage the participants to modify the behaviors and ensure development of good
health habits.
Goal 1:
Goal Specif
ic
measura
ble
achie
vable
releva
nt
timef
rame
Devel
op
aware
ness
and
motiv
ate
Healt
h
prom
otion
progr
ams
will
Questio
nnaire
based
survey
should
be done
to
As
the
progr
ams
woul
d be
held
Healt
h
behav
iors
can
only
chang
It
woul
d be
comp
leted
withi
n

GOAL DEVELOPMENT 5
the
indivi
duals
to
under
take
health
y
behav
iors
be
condu
cted
in the
comm
unity
halls
along
with
the
distrib
ution
of
pamp
hlets
and
health
educa
tion
classe
s
twice
a
measure
how
well the
awarene
ss
program
had
resulted
and
whether
the
individu
als had
entered
into the
contem
plation
stage or
not
of
week
ends,
so
office
going
peopl
e as
well
as
childr
en;
more
over
the
educa
tion
and
awar
eness
woul
d be
done
e
when
indivi
duals
first
learn
that
their
behav
iors
are
harmf
ul for
them,
once
they
beco
me
aware
they
woul
d
them
first
three
mont
hs of
the
awar
eness
progr
am

GOAL DEVELOPMENT 6
week
on
weeke
nds
in
laym
an
langu
age
and
so
succe
ss
rate
woul
d be
highe
r
try to
modif
y
their
behav
iors.
There
fore,
it is
impor
tant
for
devel
oping
their
health
litera
cy
first
(Giles
et al.,
2016)

GOAL DEVELOPMENT 7
Objective 1: Spreading of pamphlets that align with their health literacy levels among the
different community members to make them aware about the causes and complications of
obesity and make them educated. About 70% of the community members would be able to
understand the disorder of obesity and take precautionary measures within 28 February 2019
Objective 2: Conducting health education sessions in the community halls in every community
to make the communities undertake strategies is important. This would prevent gaining of weight
and ensure physical exercise regimes. About 70% of the community members would change
their diet plan and undertake physical exercises in their lifestyle habits within March 2019.
Goal 2:
Reason: If the advertisements on media are stopped and the posts and blogs on the social
networking sites can be checked regarding poor health choices like fast food advertisement and
others, there is a high chance that youths will no more be influenced
Goal:
Goal Specif
ic
measu
rable
achiev
able
releva
nt
tim
efra
me
Stop
any
advert
iseme
nts
and
Devel
oping
legisla
tion
for
bannin
Comm
unity
survey
s and
social
analys
This is
achiev
able as
advoc
ating
about
This is
releva
nt
becaus
e as
the
Thi
s
wo
uld
tak
e

GOAL DEVELOPMENT 8
broadc
asting
activit
ies
that
influe
nce
negati
ve
health
y
behavi
ors
g all
such
advert
iseme
nts
influe
ncing
risky
health
y
behavi
ors
would
preven
t
risky
behavi
ors in
youths
is can
be
done
to
unders
tand
how
much
the
preval
ence
had
decrea
sed
after
bannin
g of
such
advert
iseme
nts
the
issue
to the
gover
nment
al
depart
ments
would
enable
them
to
unders
tand
the
depth
of the
situati
on and
thereb
y they
would
ban
youth
would
be not
watchi
ng
such
adverti
sement
s, they
would
not be
influen
ced by
such
lifestyl
es and
the
chance
of
adopti
ng the
risky
behavi
abo
ut 6
mo
nth
s

GOAL DEVELOPMENT 9
the
advert
iseme
nts
and
keep a
check
on
social
netwo
rks
ors
would
reduce
(Enrig
ht et
al.,
2016)
Objective 1: Conduct social analysis and develop reports that need to be sent to the government
to make the government identify how inappropriate advertisements on television and social
media can result in poor lifestyle choices leading to obesity. The report would be sent to the
government within November 2018.
Objective 2: Advocate for the issue to the government about how it is affecting the youths of the
nation and develop a policy based on the legislations of banning the advertisements and pose
strict penalties for overcoming such rules. The policy would be developed and published within
December 2018.
Goal 3:

GOAL DEVELOPMENT 10
Reason: Organic foods will lessen the chance of accumulation of calorie and abdominal fat and
will reduce the chances of obesity. Moreover, they would be also gaining fewer calories and
hence chance of disorders like stroke, hypertension and others will decrease.
Goal Specif
ic
measur
able
achie
vable
relevan
t
timef
rame
Stop
ping
the
selli
ng of
chea
p
calor
ie
dens
e fast
food
s and
prom
oting
the
Calori
e
dense
foods
shoul
d be
stopp
ed in
the
marke
t by
the
gover
nment
and
organi
Social
researc
hes and
observ
ational
studies
need to
be
conduc
ted to
analyse
s how
the
enablin
g of
the
Once
the
gover
nment
is
show
n
proofs
about
how
the
cheap
fast
foods
are
harmi
Calorie
dense
foods
increas
es
calorie
s
resultin
g
abdomi
nal fat
accum
ulation
that
causes
many
This
woul
d
requi
re
arou
nd 6
mont
hs

GOAL DEVELOPMENT 11
intak
e or
orga
nic d
food
s by
redu
cing
their
price
c
foods
shoul
d be
prom
oted
objecti
ves
would
result
in the
lesseni
ng of
the
prevale
nce of
obesity
ng the
health
of the
nation
, they
would
thems
elves
take
this as
a
priorit
y and
start
prom
oting
organi
c food
use.
There
fore
the
goal
disorde
rs,
hence
this
goal
would
be
relevan
t to
stop
sue of
this
form of
foods

GOAL DEVELOPMENT 12
is
achie
vable
by
provi
ding
them
report
s and
prove
d of
resear
ches
Objective 1: Collect data about how many people are using such calorie-dense foods in the
communities and send to government. This would help the government to gain an idea about the
resources they would need to introduce organic food within the market. This should be achieved
by 22 December 2018
Objective 2: Advocate about the harm caused by such disorders to the government and make
people aware of this harms. Develop policy so that communities can only sell organic foods and
not sell any fast foods making them aware of the penalties. This would be done within 22nd
December 2018

GOAL DEVELOPMENT 13
Barriers and Challenges
The goals developed for the health promotion program would enable development of
healthy habits at the personal levels and modify the risk factors in the community that promote
chances of obesity. However, one of the barriers is even development of health literacy dos not
ensure that individuals will be motivated enough to take steps to change their habits. Therefore,
this issue need to be worked upon on an individual level may be by motivational interviewing or
by cognitive behavioral therapy. Moreover, the other barriers are that the initiatives, which need
to be taken at the governmental level, might take huge time and situations may worsen within
this time. Therefore, important steps are also important to care for that as well.

GOAL DEVELOPMENT 14
References:
Davis, R., Campbell, R., Hildon, Z., Hobbs, L., & Michie, S. (2015). Theories of behaviour and
behaviour change across the social and behavioural sciences: a scoping review. Health
psychology review, 9(3), 323-344. https://doi.org/10.1080/17437199.2014.941722
Enright, G., Gyani, A., Raadsma, S., Allman-Farinelli, M., Rissel, C., Innes-Hughes, C., ... &
Redfern, J. (2016). Evaluating factors influencing the delivery and outcomes of an
incentive-based behaviour change strategy targeting child obesity: protocol for a
qualitative process and impact evaluation. BMJ open, 6(12), e012536.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2016-012536
Giles, E. L., Robalino, S., McColl, E., Sniehotta, F. F., & Adams, J. (2014). The effectiveness of
financial incentives for health behaviour change: systematic review and meta-
analysis. PloS one, 9(3), e90347. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0090347
Giles, E. L., Sniehotta, F. F., McColl, E., & Adams, J. (2016). Acceptability of financial
incentives for health behaviour change to public health policymakers: A qualitative
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doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.i1102

GOAL DEVELOPMENT 15
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https://doi.org/10.1080/17437199.2013.848409
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