Preoperative Teaching for Craniotomy Patients
Added on 2020-02-18
16 Pages3811 Words83 Views
Healthcare and Research
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Running head: NURSING ASSIGNMENTNURSING ASSIGNMENT[Author Name(s), First M. Last, Omit Titles and Degrees][Institutional Affiliation(s)]
2NURSING ASSIGNMENTIntroductionPreoperative education incorporates any nursing intervention offered to patients before surgery with the aim of improving the knowledge, health behaviors and health outcomes of the patients. Healthcare professionals including nurses and doctors among other professionals across the globe provide preoperative education to their patients to help them prepare for their surgery both psychologically and physically. Among the information availed to patients by nurses duringpreoperative education for surgery includes the surgical procedures, medication and the pre and post operation dietary plan[ CITATION HJa13 \l 1033 ]. Also included in the education are the restricted and allowed activities that the patient can undergo after the surgical operation. Preoperative education can be dispensed in various forms including one-on-one verbal communication, videos, and group discussions with patients or even booklets without the inclusion of verbal communication. Patient education is conducted in varied contexts and within different frameworks and hence very fundamental in ensuring health stability of the patient after medication and surgery[ CITATION Gle12 \l 1033 ]. Both physical and psychological education has proved very effective in a number of interventions, in a reduction of post-surgical pain as well as in reducing the levels of psychological stress.The nursing interventions in preoperative education can be grouped into various categories among them education about the surgical procedures and the accompanying sensations or feelings, the cognitive strategies for coping with the situation, hypnosis and relaxation, rehearsal and support and reassurance. A research conducted proved the effectivenessof information about the postsurgical experience among doctors and the result was quite impressive with most of the patients reporting beneficial effects of various forms[ CITATION
3NURSING ASSIGNMENTthe08 \l 1033 ]. Other reviewers also come to a consensus that education on the patient’s feelings and experience during and after the surgery in addition to the procedural information is effective.BackgroundRegardless of the numerous advances that have been experienced over time in medicine, surgical procedures still remain a fundamental aspect in this field. An estimation 234 million people around the globe undergo major surgical procedure annually with evidence proposing thatseven million of this number experience postsurgical complications[ CITATION Car161 \l 1033 ]. This culminates into about one million deaths resulting from postsurgical operations annually, the evidence further reveals. The socio-economic burdens that come with such deaths cannot be ignored hence the highest interest and commitment to the prevention of these postoperative complications. Currently, information about postoperative behavior is availed to nurse only during patient briefings and ward rounds by nurses[ CITATION Gle12 \l 1033 ]. The information availed during these periods in most cases is not comprehensive enough bearing the limited time span within which this is done. On the other hand, the time available for patient consultation has even been reduced by the short stay of patients in the hospitals. The short stay has been triggered by efforts of cutting the cost of healthcare.It is in the light of these arguments that preoperative education for patients by nurses and other healthcare professionals is given a second look as a way of improving the outcomes of the aforementioned challenges. A PEDUCAT trail was conducted to justify the effectiveness and feasibility of preoperative education among patients with focus given to mortality, quality of life and morbidity[ CITATION the08 \l 1033 ].
4NURSING ASSIGNMENTMethodsThe following criteria were used in the consideration of the studies in the establishment of this review;Types of studies: Randomized control trials are used in making a comparison between patients who undertake preoperative educational interventions against who do not and are preparing for total knee replacement surgery[ CITATION Ker10 \l 1033 ].Types of participants: The individuals planned for this study those who were to undergo total knee replacement. To avoid clinical heterogeneity, other patients undergoing surgeries for rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis are also included. Intervention types: Included any preoperative education on surgery and the postoperative course as offered by a healthcare professional within 45 days of surgery[ CITATION ipp11 \l 1033 ]. The preoperative educational interventions could be offered verbally, audiovisual or in written form and included preoperative instructions.Outcome measures typesThe types of outcome measures were classified as either major or minor depending on the main objective of the study. The major outcomes included;the rate of re-operationpain measured by categorical rating scales, numerical rating scales, or visual analog scalesmeasures of the quality of life using SF-36
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