Illicit Drug Use in Music Festivals: Patterns, Proportions, and Barriers
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The study aims to explore the proportions and patterns of illegal use of drug among the people of young generation and their approach for music festivals that gives them potential to take up the drug intake during the time. The study will research the methods, results and barriers that come up.
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Running head: HEALTH CARE 1
HEALTHCARE
HEALTHCARE
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Running head: HEALTH CARE 2
Table of contents
Introduction......................................................................................................................................3
PART A: Authorship.......................................................................................................................3
Discuss the strengths and limitations...............................................................................................3
Research Questions, aim or hypothesis...........................................................................................3
Research Design..............................................................................................................................4
Research Methods............................................................................................................................4
The limitations of study...................................................................................................................4
PART B...........................................................................................................................................4
Illicit drug use, knowledge and practices........................................................................................5
Design and Methods........................................................................................................................6
Result...............................................................................................................................................6
Enablers of illicit drug use...............................................................................................................6
Barriers of illicit drug use................................................................................................................6
Conclusion.......................................................................................................................................7
References........................................................................................................................................7
Table of contents
Introduction......................................................................................................................................3
PART A: Authorship.......................................................................................................................3
Discuss the strengths and limitations...............................................................................................3
Research Questions, aim or hypothesis...........................................................................................3
Research Design..............................................................................................................................4
Research Methods............................................................................................................................4
The limitations of study...................................................................................................................4
PART B...........................................................................................................................................4
Illicit drug use, knowledge and practices........................................................................................5
Design and Methods........................................................................................................................6
Result...............................................................................................................................................6
Enablers of illicit drug use...............................................................................................................6
Barriers of illicit drug use................................................................................................................6
Conclusion.......................................................................................................................................7
References........................................................................................................................................7
Running head: HEALTH CARE 3
Introduction
The study aims to explore the proportions and patterns of illegal use of drug among the
people of young generation and their approach for music festivals that gives them potential to
take up the drug intake during the time. The study will research the methods, results and barriers
that come up
PART A: Authorship
Discuss the strengths and limitations
According to the author Fernández‐Calderón, Díaz‐Batanero, Barratt & Palamar, (2019),
major research of this study is that as per the knowledge and avoiding to the large survey of use
of drug in the music festivals is measured with behaviour and attitudes on the side drug checking
services. The strength of this study is that there is seen relevant social issue that provides chance
to understand the behaviour and attitudes on the people that are drug use in music festivals.
The limitation according to the author on this study is that the researches and sample are
based on the music festival attendee that does not likely give any representation on the general
population. The survey failed to show that there is a huge difference in drug use in the general
population as well as in the participants.
Research Questions, aim or hypothesis
The research study on illegal use of drug in the music festivals is concluded in presence
of high death that is seen in the festivals especially to the people in the young age of 16-25 of
year. According to the author the study is needed, to evaluate and to analyze the use of the illicit
Introduction
The study aims to explore the proportions and patterns of illegal use of drug among the
people of young generation and their approach for music festivals that gives them potential to
take up the drug intake during the time. The study will research the methods, results and barriers
that come up
PART A: Authorship
Discuss the strengths and limitations
According to the author Fernández‐Calderón, Díaz‐Batanero, Barratt & Palamar, (2019),
major research of this study is that as per the knowledge and avoiding to the large survey of use
of drug in the music festivals is measured with behaviour and attitudes on the side drug checking
services. The strength of this study is that there is seen relevant social issue that provides chance
to understand the behaviour and attitudes on the people that are drug use in music festivals.
The limitation according to the author on this study is that the researches and sample are
based on the music festival attendee that does not likely give any representation on the general
population. The survey failed to show that there is a huge difference in drug use in the general
population as well as in the participants.
Research Questions, aim or hypothesis
The research study on illegal use of drug in the music festivals is concluded in presence
of high death that is seen in the festivals especially to the people in the young age of 16-25 of
year. According to the author the study is needed, to evaluate and to analyze the use of the illicit
Running head: HEALTH CARE 4
drug among the young people as well as on to make a further study to limit use of drug in music
festival.
Research Design
The author has justified its answer by choosing a cross-question design to make an
overview of the people who are illicit on drug use in music festivals. The author has justified is
state's research question with the questioner by seeing what and how the people are addicted to
drug use (Dilkes-Frayne, 2016).
Research Methods
For the collection of studies and to get a brief analysis of the data of people using drugs
in the festival are researched by using the method of the questionnaire. The strength of this
method could be concluded as it helped to give out a brief idea on the people using drug and type
of it in the festival. However, the limitation of this method is it could not give a brief on genders
that use the illicit drugs in festivals (Palamar et al., 2016).
The limitations of the study
During the research method, the participants in the music festivals were asked on the
drug use the have in 1 month and not the frequency of drug use that created a major limitation on
getting valuable information on a specific group of participants. However, the study’s moto was
to determine that how much a drug user does utilizes the drug checking services during the
festivals and what kind of drug do they use (Calle et al., 2019).
PART B
In the recent research of National Drug strategy, around 8.5 million of Australia in the
age of 14 years is observed and around 3.1 million youngsters are reports to use it in the last
drug among the young people as well as on to make a further study to limit use of drug in music
festival.
Research Design
The author has justified its answer by choosing a cross-question design to make an
overview of the people who are illicit on drug use in music festivals. The author has justified is
state's research question with the questioner by seeing what and how the people are addicted to
drug use (Dilkes-Frayne, 2016).
Research Methods
For the collection of studies and to get a brief analysis of the data of people using drugs
in the festival are researched by using the method of the questionnaire. The strength of this
method could be concluded as it helped to give out a brief idea on the people using drug and type
of it in the festival. However, the limitation of this method is it could not give a brief on genders
that use the illicit drugs in festivals (Palamar et al., 2016).
The limitations of the study
During the research method, the participants in the music festivals were asked on the
drug use the have in 1 month and not the frequency of drug use that created a major limitation on
getting valuable information on a specific group of participants. However, the study’s moto was
to determine that how much a drug user does utilizes the drug checking services during the
festivals and what kind of drug do they use (Calle et al., 2019).
PART B
In the recent research of National Drug strategy, around 8.5 million of Australia in the
age of 14 years is observed and around 3.1 million youngsters are reports to use it in the last
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Running head: HEALTH CARE 5
month. The provenance of 20-25 years of the group is reported to use around 30% of drugs in the
last 12 months (Garius, Ward, Teague & Tseloni, 2019)
Internationally, it is found that illegal drug use mainly occurs in music festivals. The
studies undertake the report, reflects that the music festival across Australia that reflects people
with age in between 20-25 use drugs mainly. Another study demonstrates that in the year 2005-
2008 around 44% of music attendees used illegal drugs last month (Palamar, Acosta & Cleland,
2019).
It is seen that the music festivals is the prone cause of making the use of illicit drugs
among the teenagers is it is one of the major sources where the drug dealers make the best use of
it. The risk associated with the drug use can adversely affect to give symptoms of seizures,
hyperthermia, rhabdomyolysis, hypothermia and multi-organ failures that can cause even death
too. In addition, the substance and illicit use of drugs can cause harm to both youngsters as well
as to the unexpected increase of overdose through the inclusion of butyl one, methylone and
paramethoxyamphetamine.
Because of dispensary patterns the use of drugs in musical festivals it can be concluded
that the festival goers are more vulnerable and are illicit to take this harmful drug and therefore it
is very important to give education to the targeted people (Mackuľak et al., 2019).
Illicit drug use, knowledge and practices
The drug use has become normalized in the young generation people of Australia as they
have been involved with the music subcultures. The determination and prevalence of illicit use of
drug is associated with preferences of different music genres as well as with music subculture
that promotes the use of it. The prevalence's of drug uses can be seen with among the youngsters
that have made the addicted to a particular use of the illicit drug (Measham, 2019).
month. The provenance of 20-25 years of the group is reported to use around 30% of drugs in the
last 12 months (Garius, Ward, Teague & Tseloni, 2019)
Internationally, it is found that illegal drug use mainly occurs in music festivals. The
studies undertake the report, reflects that the music festival across Australia that reflects people
with age in between 20-25 use drugs mainly. Another study demonstrates that in the year 2005-
2008 around 44% of music attendees used illegal drugs last month (Palamar, Acosta & Cleland,
2019).
It is seen that the music festivals is the prone cause of making the use of illicit drugs
among the teenagers is it is one of the major sources where the drug dealers make the best use of
it. The risk associated with the drug use can adversely affect to give symptoms of seizures,
hyperthermia, rhabdomyolysis, hypothermia and multi-organ failures that can cause even death
too. In addition, the substance and illicit use of drugs can cause harm to both youngsters as well
as to the unexpected increase of overdose through the inclusion of butyl one, methylone and
paramethoxyamphetamine.
Because of dispensary patterns the use of drugs in musical festivals it can be concluded
that the festival goers are more vulnerable and are illicit to take this harmful drug and therefore it
is very important to give education to the targeted people (Mackuľak et al., 2019).
Illicit drug use, knowledge and practices
The drug use has become normalized in the young generation people of Australia as they
have been involved with the music subcultures. The determination and prevalence of illicit use of
drug is associated with preferences of different music genres as well as with music subculture
that promotes the use of it. The prevalence's of drug uses can be seen with among the youngsters
that have made the addicted to a particular use of the illicit drug (Measham, 2019).
Running head: HEALTH CARE 6
Design and Methods
A cross-section question was asked to the young people in the age of (18-25 years) those
attended the festival of music (Hoegberg et al., 2018).
Result
According to the result around 939 respondents, for about 48% of people has used illicit
drugs mostly cannabis in past months.
Enablers of illicit drug use
The major motivator of the illicit drug use has significantly favored to house/dance or rap
music as it is more likely the major enabler of having a drug sample, while those who have had
drug in past month are favoured to take the use of drug due to the alternative music or favoured
pop songs (Gjersing, Bretteville-Jensen, Furuhaugen & Gjerde 2019).
Barriers of illicit drug use
The major barrier that has suggested in the research finding is said to be on the charging
of drug checking services. The recent study on the drug service utilization has conveyed that
around 2/3rd of responded pays out around $10 dollar in the nightlife and in the music festival
and rest of them are willing to pay $5 dollar. The access to high prices in drugs drug the music
festivals are a major barrier to take the use out of the illicit drug use (Day et al., 2018).
On the other hand the 2/3 rd of participants in the music festival beliefs that the drug
dealers must give out a service of ‘quality control mechanism, that can be interpreted in two
ways. The first is that dealers must not include the unintended substances in drugs and second he
dealers could use fewer prices of drugs by giving out better quality, therefore, it is clear that the
pricing is a major barrier to make the best use of the illicit drug (Gjerde, Gjersing, Furuhaugen &
Bretteville-Jensen, 2019)
Design and Methods
A cross-section question was asked to the young people in the age of (18-25 years) those
attended the festival of music (Hoegberg et al., 2018).
Result
According to the result around 939 respondents, for about 48% of people has used illicit
drugs mostly cannabis in past months.
Enablers of illicit drug use
The major motivator of the illicit drug use has significantly favored to house/dance or rap
music as it is more likely the major enabler of having a drug sample, while those who have had
drug in past month are favoured to take the use of drug due to the alternative music or favoured
pop songs (Gjersing, Bretteville-Jensen, Furuhaugen & Gjerde 2019).
Barriers of illicit drug use
The major barrier that has suggested in the research finding is said to be on the charging
of drug checking services. The recent study on the drug service utilization has conveyed that
around 2/3rd of responded pays out around $10 dollar in the nightlife and in the music festival
and rest of them are willing to pay $5 dollar. The access to high prices in drugs drug the music
festivals are a major barrier to take the use out of the illicit drug use (Day et al., 2018).
On the other hand the 2/3 rd of participants in the music festival beliefs that the drug
dealers must give out a service of ‘quality control mechanism, that can be interpreted in two
ways. The first is that dealers must not include the unintended substances in drugs and second he
dealers could use fewer prices of drugs by giving out better quality, therefore, it is clear that the
pricing is a major barrier to make the best use of the illicit drug (Gjerde, Gjersing, Furuhaugen &
Bretteville-Jensen, 2019)
Running head: HEALTH CARE 7
Conclusion
The research has shown that people who of similar age group those attend music festivals
use illicit drugs as the music festivals cater out the house/ Dance and rap that is one of the ways
of promoting interventions for safer drug use as well as it is one of the enablers that promotes the
use of drugs among the young people.
References
Calle, P., Maudens, K., Lemoyne, S., Geerts, S., Van Sassenbroeck, D., Jensen, P., ... &
Blanckaert, P. (2019). Lessons to be learned from toxicological analyses in intoxicated
patients and seized materials at an electronic music dance festival. Forensic science
international, 299, 174-179.
Day, N., Criss, J., Griffiths, B., Gujral, S. K., John-Leader, F., Johnston, J., & Pit, S. (2018).
Music festival attendees’ illicit drug use, knowledge and practices regarding drug content
and purity: a cross-sectional survey. Harm reduction journal, 15(1), 1.
Dilkes-Frayne, E. (2016). Drugs at the campsite: Socio-spatial relations and drug use at music
festivals. International journal of drug policy, 33, 27-35.
Fernández‐Calderón, F., Díaz‐Batanero, C., Barratt, M. J., & Palamar, J. J. (2019). Harm
reduction strategies related to dosing and their relation to harms among festival attendees
who use multiple drugs. Drug and alcohol review, 38(1), 57-67.
Garius, L., Ward, B., Teague, K., & Tseloni, A. (2019). Evaluating harm-reduction initiatives in
a night-time economy and music festival context.
Gjerde, H., Gjersing, L., Furuhaugen, H., & Bretteville-Jensen, A. L. (2019). Correspondence
between Oral Fluid Drug Test Results and Self-Reported Illicit Drug Use among Music
Festival Attendees. Substance use & misuse, 1-8.
Conclusion
The research has shown that people who of similar age group those attend music festivals
use illicit drugs as the music festivals cater out the house/ Dance and rap that is one of the ways
of promoting interventions for safer drug use as well as it is one of the enablers that promotes the
use of drugs among the young people.
References
Calle, P., Maudens, K., Lemoyne, S., Geerts, S., Van Sassenbroeck, D., Jensen, P., ... &
Blanckaert, P. (2019). Lessons to be learned from toxicological analyses in intoxicated
patients and seized materials at an electronic music dance festival. Forensic science
international, 299, 174-179.
Day, N., Criss, J., Griffiths, B., Gujral, S. K., John-Leader, F., Johnston, J., & Pit, S. (2018).
Music festival attendees’ illicit drug use, knowledge and practices regarding drug content
and purity: a cross-sectional survey. Harm reduction journal, 15(1), 1.
Dilkes-Frayne, E. (2016). Drugs at the campsite: Socio-spatial relations and drug use at music
festivals. International journal of drug policy, 33, 27-35.
Fernández‐Calderón, F., Díaz‐Batanero, C., Barratt, M. J., & Palamar, J. J. (2019). Harm
reduction strategies related to dosing and their relation to harms among festival attendees
who use multiple drugs. Drug and alcohol review, 38(1), 57-67.
Garius, L., Ward, B., Teague, K., & Tseloni, A. (2019). Evaluating harm-reduction initiatives in
a night-time economy and music festival context.
Gjerde, H., Gjersing, L., Furuhaugen, H., & Bretteville-Jensen, A. L. (2019). Correspondence
between Oral Fluid Drug Test Results and Self-Reported Illicit Drug Use among Music
Festival Attendees. Substance use & misuse, 1-8.
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Running head: HEALTH CARE 8
Gjersing, L., Bretteville-Jensen, A. L., Furuhaugen, H., & Gjerde, H. (2019). Illegal substance
use among 1,309 music festival attendees: An investigation using oral fluid sample drug
tests, breathalysers and questionnaires. Scandinavian journal of public health,
1403494818821481.
Hoegberg, L. C. G., Christiansen, C., Soe, J., Telving, R., Andreasen, M. F., Staerk, D., ... &
Kongstad, K. T. (2018). Recreational drug use at a major music festival: trend analysis of
anonymised pooled urine. Clinical Toxicology, 56(4), 245-255.
Mackuľak, T., Brandeburová, P., Grenčíková, A., Bodík, I., Staňová, A. V., Golovko, O., ... &
Grabic, R. (2019). Music festivals and drugs: Wastewater analysis. Science of The Total
Environment, 659, 326-334.
Measham, F. C. (2019). Drug safety testing, disposals and dealing in an English field: Exploring
the operational and behavioural outcomes of the UK’s first onsite ‘drug
checking’service. International Journal of Drug Policy, 67, 102-107.
Palamar, J. J., Acosta, P., & Cleland, C. M. (2019). Planned and Unplanned Drug Use during a
Night out at an Electronic Dance Music Party. Substance use & misuse, 1-9.
Palamar, J. J., Acosta, P., Sherman, S., Ompad, D. C., & Cleland, C. M. (2016). Self-reported
use of novel psychoactive substances among attendees of electronic dance music
venues. The American journal of drug and alcohol abuse, 42(6), 624-632.
Gjersing, L., Bretteville-Jensen, A. L., Furuhaugen, H., & Gjerde, H. (2019). Illegal substance
use among 1,309 music festival attendees: An investigation using oral fluid sample drug
tests, breathalysers and questionnaires. Scandinavian journal of public health,
1403494818821481.
Hoegberg, L. C. G., Christiansen, C., Soe, J., Telving, R., Andreasen, M. F., Staerk, D., ... &
Kongstad, K. T. (2018). Recreational drug use at a major music festival: trend analysis of
anonymised pooled urine. Clinical Toxicology, 56(4), 245-255.
Mackuľak, T., Brandeburová, P., Grenčíková, A., Bodík, I., Staňová, A. V., Golovko, O., ... &
Grabic, R. (2019). Music festivals and drugs: Wastewater analysis. Science of The Total
Environment, 659, 326-334.
Measham, F. C. (2019). Drug safety testing, disposals and dealing in an English field: Exploring
the operational and behavioural outcomes of the UK’s first onsite ‘drug
checking’service. International Journal of Drug Policy, 67, 102-107.
Palamar, J. J., Acosta, P., & Cleland, C. M. (2019). Planned and Unplanned Drug Use during a
Night out at an Electronic Dance Music Party. Substance use & misuse, 1-9.
Palamar, J. J., Acosta, P., Sherman, S., Ompad, D. C., & Cleland, C. M. (2016). Self-reported
use of novel psychoactive substances among attendees of electronic dance music
venues. The American journal of drug and alcohol abuse, 42(6), 624-632.
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