Health Care Provision and Service Essay

Health Care Provision and
Service

TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
1. 1 Sexual Minority in Hong Kong and in Germany.................................................................1
1.2 Culture belief in Hong Kong and Germany.........................................................................1
1.3 Historical event.....................................................................................................................2
2. Health care policies and service provision for Hong Kong and Germany..................................2
2.1 Health issues associated with sexual minorities in both places............................................2
2.1.1 Public attitude to sexual minorities – Social exclusion.....................................................3
2.1.2 The need for mental health service ...................................................................................3
2.1.3 Risk factors – unprotected sex..........................................................................................4
2.2 Health care policies for sexual minorities in Hong Kong and Germany...................................5
2.2.1 How Health care polices impact sexual minorities in Hong Kong and Germany............5
2.2.2 What health service provision for Sexual Minorities people in Hong Kong and in
Germany......................................................................................................................................6
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................6
REFERENCES ...............................................................................................................................7

INTRODUCTION
The Sexual minority constitutes of a small number of people who differs from the
majority of population in term of sexual preference identity which can be lesbian , gay, Bisexual
that are not accepted by the people (Rowniak and Selix, 2016). The health and care services for
sexual minorities in Hong Kong was published in a market-oriented economic matrix, which
gives a huge range of social protection and medical service system (Pulakka, Kawachi,and
Kivimaki, 2017). On the other side health care services in Germany for the sexual minority are
based on principles of self-governing, solidarity etc.
This report will address a comparison in sexual minority of Hong Kong to Germany on
the grounds of culture side,events of history and health issues that are related to sexual
minorities. Between the people of Hong Kong and Germany the perception based on sexual
minority is different from each other. It will also represent the policies and services provision for
sexual minorities of these countries.
1. 1 Sexual Minority in Hong Kong and in Germany
For Confucian values most Hong Kongers are affected by traditional philosophy. As the
people at Hong Kong are more traditional so the LGBT minority is still fighting for their rights.
However on the other side the treatment given to LGBT short for Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and
Transgender at workplace is better than the Hong Kong (Jabson, Mitchell and Doty, 2016).
1.2 Culture belief in Hong Kong and Germany
The values of culture are needed to evaluate the behaviour of a person as patient and
what it means to be sick and particularly to be patient of hospital. Due to difference in cultural
aspect there may be issues in communication, rapport, physical examination and so on. From
culture to culture the perception of physical pain and psychological distress varies in both Hong
Kong and Germany (Peter, 2017). The hospital-based treatment and care are especially related to
religion beliefs and attitudes about death that may have many cultural variations. In Hong
Kong ,the linguistic and cultural translators are important. To reduce the health disparities it is
essential for the students and professional to understand the cultural diversity. As the
Confucianism have been established in Hong Kong so there is a concept of masculinity and
femininity over there so most of the LGBT population have to hide their identity to avoid
embarrassment among their families and friends (Donaldson and Vacha-Haase, 2016).
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The diverse cultural background of both Hong Kong and Germany can lead to creation of
different attributions of illness, health, disease, symptoms and treatment. The practitioners need
to be trained about the cultural-bound syndromes. In health care services of both countries social
factors like immigration, acculturation plays a major part. Different cultural aspects may result in
different expectations of how to meet the need of remedies of patients as in Hong Kong
individualistic belief is followed whereas in Germany social welfare oriented society is there
(Lukkerz, 2017).
1.3 Historical event
In 1883, Germany scientist discovered modern science based medicine which shaped
endless scientific discoveries. In the mid 1970 s various attempts were made by the German
health care community to control the growth of health cost. And in 1993 through the act of health
care structural reform new instruments were made to observe closely aces to medical
practice .Even though the law have been passed in 1995 in Hong Kong for protecting sexual
orientation but there is no such laws is followed over there (Jabson, Mitchell and Doty, 2016) .
Germany in comparison to Hong Kong is more open minded and also the same sex
marriage is allowed. It is also encouraging and motivating other laces for providing equal rights
to the minority section.
In Hong Kong with the help of WHO and support of the health minister in china control
of over infectious disease was controlled. And the Primary health care(PHS) was possible due to
support of government ,health professionals that achieved its full potential. Many society
contribute towards the development of health and human care (Victor and Nel, 2017).
2. Health care policies and service provision Hong Kong and Germany’s
sexual minorities
2.1 Health issues associated with sexual minorities in both places.
In Germany, equal rights are given to all under the policy of government and other
guiding principles. Since the laws of homosexuality is adopted and practised in Germany and
there is a disobedience in rights for members of sexual minorities which can enhance the risk of
HIV infection. This can increase the spread of virus. This is the condition where an individual
will contract a particular disease or illness. According to past reports the main cause of this
transmission among people in Germany is homosexuality (Champion, Young and Rew, 2016).
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