Sociology: Concept in Health and Illness
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This document explores the sociology of health and illness, focusing on the theoretical perspectives, such as functionalism and symbolic interactionism. It discusses Parson's sick role and the potential effects of stigmatization on service users. The document also examines social inequalities in health and the use of health education and promotion. Course code: SOC101
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SOCIOLOGY: CONCEPT
IN HEALTH AND ILLNESS
IN HEALTH AND ILLNESS
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Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................3
PART 1: Theoretical perspective behind approaches to health and illness.....................................3
1.1: Two theoretical perspective to health and illness............................................................3
1.2: Parson’s sick role.............................................................................................................6
1.3: stigmatization and its potential effect upon services users..............................................8
PART 2: Model of health used within health and social care........................................................10
2.1: Evaluate two different model of healthcare delivery....................................................10
2.2: The case study provided justify a model of healthcare delivery that would be most
appropriate............................................................................................................................12
PART 3: Social inequalities influence the life chance and health status of individuals................12
3.1: The government measures morbidity and mortality across the UK..............................12
3.2: Social equalities in health and what factors influence it...............................................14
3.3: The use of health education and health promotion to improve the health of the nation15
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................16
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................17
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................3
PART 1: Theoretical perspective behind approaches to health and illness.....................................3
1.1: Two theoretical perspective to health and illness............................................................3
1.2: Parson’s sick role.............................................................................................................6
1.3: stigmatization and its potential effect upon services users..............................................8
PART 2: Model of health used within health and social care........................................................10
2.1: Evaluate two different model of healthcare delivery....................................................10
2.2: The case study provided justify a model of healthcare delivery that would be most
appropriate............................................................................................................................12
PART 3: Social inequalities influence the life chance and health status of individuals................12
3.1: The government measures morbidity and mortality across the UK..............................12
3.2: Social equalities in health and what factors influence it...............................................14
3.3: The use of health education and health promotion to improve the health of the nation15
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................16
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................17
INTRODUCTION
The sociology of health and illness is defined as the sociology of health and wellness it is
more defined as simple health sociology which helps to examine the proper communication
between society and health which is related to the proper interaction towards the social group
and community. Moreover, the main objective of this topic is to see the social life affects
morbidity and mortality rates and vice versa. This is also analyzed that sociology is and for
aspect which is related with the medical sociology which discusses the health and illness and the
relation of a social institution such as a family, employment, and school which shows various
interfaces with the sociology of the body. This is also defined as the sociology of medicine tends
to concentrate specifically on the patient practice relationship and the role of health professionals
in the social group and community. In this report, the discussion is based on the theoretical
perspectives behind the approaches of health and illness in which discrimination and potential
factor which affect the service users in a particular region they used to be indicated. As per this,
the evaluation of two models of healthcare society with the appropriate case study is well
discussed. Taking some of the interventions and social inequalities which are related to the
health status and can create discrimination in the health care society. As per this, the government
morbidity and mortality are used to be discussed by taking the social inequalities and their factor
which influence the delivery of health in the different healthcare sectors (Alegría and et. al.,
2021).
MAIN BODY
PART 1: Theoretical perspective behind approaches to health and illness
1.1: Two theoretical perspective to health and illness
The sociological perspective is defined as a set of assumptions that define the state of
reality and question which has some rational outcomes. In this, the theoretical perspective can be
understood as through which an individual look to focus or distort what the individual wants to
see it can also occur a frame which serves to both include and exclude the views of something
the field of sociology is also based on the theoretical perspectives and the capability of
assumptions about the social system which is related with the society and the family. It also
states some of the assumptions which are related with the culture, social, structure, and rules
which are followed among the social group with the various individual and this the theoretical
The sociology of health and illness is defined as the sociology of health and wellness it is
more defined as simple health sociology which helps to examine the proper communication
between society and health which is related to the proper interaction towards the social group
and community. Moreover, the main objective of this topic is to see the social life affects
morbidity and mortality rates and vice versa. This is also analyzed that sociology is and for
aspect which is related with the medical sociology which discusses the health and illness and the
relation of a social institution such as a family, employment, and school which shows various
interfaces with the sociology of the body. This is also defined as the sociology of medicine tends
to concentrate specifically on the patient practice relationship and the role of health professionals
in the social group and community. In this report, the discussion is based on the theoretical
perspectives behind the approaches of health and illness in which discrimination and potential
factor which affect the service users in a particular region they used to be indicated. As per this,
the evaluation of two models of healthcare society with the appropriate case study is well
discussed. Taking some of the interventions and social inequalities which are related to the
health status and can create discrimination in the health care society. As per this, the government
morbidity and mortality are used to be discussed by taking the social inequalities and their factor
which influence the delivery of health in the different healthcare sectors (Alegría and et. al.,
2021).
MAIN BODY
PART 1: Theoretical perspective behind approaches to health and illness
1.1: Two theoretical perspective to health and illness
The sociological perspective is defined as a set of assumptions that define the state of
reality and question which has some rational outcomes. In this, the theoretical perspective can be
understood as through which an individual look to focus or distort what the individual wants to
see it can also occur a frame which serves to both include and exclude the views of something
the field of sociology is also based on the theoretical perspectives and the capability of
assumptions about the social system which is related with the society and the family. It also
states some of the assumptions which are related with the culture, social, structure, and rules
which are followed among the social group with the various individual and this the theoretical
perspective is an important note for the research or to create the perspective of the sociology
which is related with the health and illness is to organize the thoughts and ideas which clear
about the health and illness. More often sociologists use multiple theoretical perspective names
to create various question designs and conduct research to analyze the results. It is also measured
only to understand various circumstances which are associated with the perspective of sociology
but it tends to change from time to time. In this, the two perspectives of health are to be analyzed
to conduct the health and illness perspectives which include functionalist and the interactionist
perspective (Corfee and et. al., 2019).
Functionalist approach:
According to the functionalist perspective, it is well defined that health is a vital form that
provides the stability among the society in the community and therefore sickness is a base that
can create variance among the society. Moreover, the Talcott is used to defined as the term of the
sick rule which state about the pattern of expectations and overall discussions about appropriate
behavior for the sick and those who take care of the sick peoples. In this, they stated about the
various conditions which are associated with the sick person. In this, they use to state that the
sick person has their proper role and responsibilities as per the authentication of rights. However,
the Talcott is used to be discussed from sick and they are must responsible for the better
treatment to overcome from condition probably the sick person has a right to deserving a normal
social role without any factor of discrimination and they not required to fulfill the obligation of
person. Moreover, it can also provide normal responsibilities without any factor which can create
hindrance in the social norms and their ethical viewpoint. Moreover, it is temporary and relative
to the seen variety of the endless. In this, it's required proper legislative factor and doctor which
must certify that there is less is genuine and after that, they used to isolate from the society for
them sometime (Dudina and et. al., 2019).
The responsibility of the sick person is to get well and sea technically help from the
physician to overcome the various situation. As per this, the sick persons stay in longer than the
proper that they get stigmatized. Talcott argues that seen the sick are unable to fulfill their
normal social expectations and wants but they create weakness among the society and
community. Therefore, it is also necessary for the various form of social control to bring the
behavior in the positive attribute towards the sick person because it helped to create a line to get
back with normal expectation. In this model of health, the doctor serves as a gatekeeper deciding
which is related with the health and illness is to organize the thoughts and ideas which clear
about the health and illness. More often sociologists use multiple theoretical perspective names
to create various question designs and conduct research to analyze the results. It is also measured
only to understand various circumstances which are associated with the perspective of sociology
but it tends to change from time to time. In this, the two perspectives of health are to be analyzed
to conduct the health and illness perspectives which include functionalist and the interactionist
perspective (Corfee and et. al., 2019).
Functionalist approach:
According to the functionalist perspective, it is well defined that health is a vital form that
provides the stability among the society in the community and therefore sickness is a base that
can create variance among the society. Moreover, the Talcott is used to defined as the term of the
sick rule which state about the pattern of expectations and overall discussions about appropriate
behavior for the sick and those who take care of the sick peoples. In this, they stated about the
various conditions which are associated with the sick person. In this, they use to state that the
sick person has their proper role and responsibilities as per the authentication of rights. However,
the Talcott is used to be discussed from sick and they are must responsible for the better
treatment to overcome from condition probably the sick person has a right to deserving a normal
social role without any factor of discrimination and they not required to fulfill the obligation of
person. Moreover, it can also provide normal responsibilities without any factor which can create
hindrance in the social norms and their ethical viewpoint. Moreover, it is temporary and relative
to the seen variety of the endless. In this, it's required proper legislative factor and doctor which
must certify that there is less is genuine and after that, they used to isolate from the society for
them sometime (Dudina and et. al., 2019).
The responsibility of the sick person is to get well and sea technically help from the
physician to overcome the various situation. As per this, the sick persons stay in longer than the
proper that they get stigmatized. Talcott argues that seen the sick are unable to fulfill their
normal social expectations and wants but they create weakness among the society and
community. Therefore, it is also necessary for the various form of social control to bring the
behavior in the positive attribute towards the sick person because it helped to create a line to get
back with normal expectation. In this model of health, the doctor serves as a gatekeeper deciding
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who is healthy and who is sick a relationship in which the doctor used to state the various power
among the society and community. In this, the position of any number of reasons usually
obligated and unwillingly source various factor such as personal, social, financial lack of
insurance and so on (Feuston and et. al., 2019).
Symbolic interactionist approach:
According to the various theorist, it is well stated that the symbolic interactionist
perspective is stated about health and illness which are both a social-based concern construction
among the society. As per this, the discussion which is initiated in the beginning that the symbol
theory for perspectives focus on the relevant meaning and causes people attributes to enlist. In
this, the term medicalization of deviance defined as the process of changing the behavior towards
the sick people is going to be irrelevant and not ethical. Moreover, there are some of the
processes which are associated with the d medicalization in which the behavior associated with
the sick is normalized again. However, medicalization and De-medicalization are usually
affecting the proper response to the patient in which the people change the behavior towards the
response to the patient and the viewpoint is also has been changed in a personal manner. As per
taking the responsibilities of the patient which is a decline or demised due to the various
unnecessary and unethical behavior (Figlio and et. al., 2019).
In this, to understand the factor of medicalization, an example is stated by the history of
how the societies use alcohol and alcoholism. In this, as per the 19th century, the people who
used to take alcohol are taken as an outsider and considered as bad, lazy people, and so on. They
were called drunk and it was not common for them to be a state or a run out from their social
group and take the fight against several people in an unethical manner. In this, the individual
who used to drunk is not sympathetic and not treated well by society or among the community
because of their irrational behavior during the 19th century. The people who drink too much were
defined as alcoholics people who dealing with or facing the disease or any genetic predisposition
to addiction who are not responsible for their drinking with alcoholism is defined as a disease
and they have no common or personal choices. In this, the understanding towards the society by
taking the factor of alcoholism is also changed and become more compassion and understanding
that the blackness of the 19th century for the drinkers are used to change now and converted into
sick people who drink more alcohol in the 20th century.
among the society and community. In this, the position of any number of reasons usually
obligated and unwillingly source various factor such as personal, social, financial lack of
insurance and so on (Feuston and et. al., 2019).
Symbolic interactionist approach:
According to the various theorist, it is well stated that the symbolic interactionist
perspective is stated about health and illness which are both a social-based concern construction
among the society. As per this, the discussion which is initiated in the beginning that the symbol
theory for perspectives focus on the relevant meaning and causes people attributes to enlist. In
this, the term medicalization of deviance defined as the process of changing the behavior towards
the sick people is going to be irrelevant and not ethical. Moreover, there are some of the
processes which are associated with the d medicalization in which the behavior associated with
the sick is normalized again. However, medicalization and De-medicalization are usually
affecting the proper response to the patient in which the people change the behavior towards the
response to the patient and the viewpoint is also has been changed in a personal manner. As per
taking the responsibilities of the patient which is a decline or demised due to the various
unnecessary and unethical behavior (Figlio and et. al., 2019).
In this, to understand the factor of medicalization, an example is stated by the history of
how the societies use alcohol and alcoholism. In this, as per the 19th century, the people who
used to take alcohol are taken as an outsider and considered as bad, lazy people, and so on. They
were called drunk and it was not common for them to be a state or a run out from their social
group and take the fight against several people in an unethical manner. In this, the individual
who used to drunk is not sympathetic and not treated well by society or among the community
because of their irrational behavior during the 19th century. The people who drink too much were
defined as alcoholics people who dealing with or facing the disease or any genetic predisposition
to addiction who are not responsible for their drinking with alcoholism is defined as a disease
and they have no common or personal choices. In this, the understanding towards the society by
taking the factor of alcoholism is also changed and become more compassion and understanding
that the blackness of the 19th century for the drinkers are used to change now and converted into
sick people who drink more alcohol in the 20th century.
There are several examples of De-medicalization in history which state various
consequences and complications. This, an example of the civil war era where the slaves
frequently run away from their owners and follow various mental disorders which are called
central nervous system illnesses. It is not appropriate for the slaves at that particular time because
dealing and facing the various mental illness and create the complications of mental disorders a
more recent example. As per the current scenario is homosexuality which was labeled as a
mental disorder or a sexual orientation disturbance by a various psychologist in which the
American psychologist association is stated various sick people are used to be attracted towards
the homosexuality (Lutz and et. al., 2020).
In this, the interactionism used to provide various acknowledge the subjective nature of
diagnosis in which the used to protect and play the important rule to provide the benefit when
behavior becomes defined as an in less or any kind of disease. As per this, the pharmaceutical
companies make millions treating medication which is associated with insomnia, hyperactivity
which is not a type of disease but the usually provide various treatment and opportunities for
companies to make more money.
1.2: Parson’s sick role
Talcott shows less as a form of deviant behavior within the social group and the
community. Moreover, there are various reasons which state that people who are in disease
conditions unable to fulfill their normal social roles and responsibilities. As per this, the disease
is usually irrelevant for norms and ethics which are followed by society or the community. The
Talcott used to mention the sick role mechanism and thus mechanism help a doctor and patient
should be interrelated.
Right and obligation of the sick role:
According to the Talcott model, it is well defined as the sick person can be expected to be
followed some of the rights which individual efforts in these rights condition and the patient
following two applications (Nowakowski and et. al., 2019). This application usually has a right
as a sick person who is withdrawn as per their needs and wants. As per this, the rights and
obligation of sick people include:
Rights:
consequences and complications. This, an example of the civil war era where the slaves
frequently run away from their owners and follow various mental disorders which are called
central nervous system illnesses. It is not appropriate for the slaves at that particular time because
dealing and facing the various mental illness and create the complications of mental disorders a
more recent example. As per the current scenario is homosexuality which was labeled as a
mental disorder or a sexual orientation disturbance by a various psychologist in which the
American psychologist association is stated various sick people are used to be attracted towards
the homosexuality (Lutz and et. al., 2020).
In this, the interactionism used to provide various acknowledge the subjective nature of
diagnosis in which the used to protect and play the important rule to provide the benefit when
behavior becomes defined as an in less or any kind of disease. As per this, the pharmaceutical
companies make millions treating medication which is associated with insomnia, hyperactivity
which is not a type of disease but the usually provide various treatment and opportunities for
companies to make more money.
1.2: Parson’s sick role
Talcott shows less as a form of deviant behavior within the social group and the
community. Moreover, there are various reasons which state that people who are in disease
conditions unable to fulfill their normal social roles and responsibilities. As per this, the disease
is usually irrelevant for norms and ethics which are followed by society or the community. The
Talcott used to mention the sick role mechanism and thus mechanism help a doctor and patient
should be interrelated.
Right and obligation of the sick role:
According to the Talcott model, it is well defined as the sick person can be expected to be
followed some of the rights which individual efforts in these rights condition and the patient
following two applications (Nowakowski and et. al., 2019). This application usually has a right
as a sick person who is withdrawn as per their needs and wants. As per this, the rights and
obligation of sick people include:
Rights:
The sick person is temporarily excluded to perform normal social roles such as going to
work or housekeeping. It is also can arise that if the condition of the sickness is more severe and
create a critical situation for the individual then the greater to the exemptions.
Moreover, it is also analyzed that the genuine inlays scene is beyond the control of the
person and not appropriate and treatable by the simple motivation for the strength, then the sick
person could not blame for their disease or any kind of illness which is suffered in which they
should be taken care by others until taken resume their social activity in the normal way.
Moreover, it is the right of the sick person who is facing dealing with any type of complications
or consequences related to the health concerns because usually, this renders the life and activities
of a normal people.
Obligation:
As per this, the diseased person is used to be expected to see being sick as undesirable. So,
there are various applications to try and get well as quickly as possible with the various norms
and by the use of treatment which is provided by healthcare professionals. So, this application is
usually treated in the various factors.
After a certain period, it is well analyzing that the person must see technically helpful
when the individual comes in the condition of critical and the doctor are used to help with their
appropriate strategies and action plan of the diagnosis. The proper cooperation with the advice of
the doctor is useful to overcome various diseases and complications which can create several
consequences to the individual who is being sick for a longer period (Sandu and et. al., 2020).
The right and obligation of the doctor
Rights:
Status and rewards are usually a functional approach towards the rights of doctor in which
this help to encourage and provide the motivation to serve among the individual and share their
experience to overcome the individual from the critical point or any condition which is then
heated with the disease.
Considerable autonomy is associated with control and power which shows they are on the
action in the professional practices.
The rights of the doctor role are being associated with the patient. As per this, they used to
train expert and the called as a gatekeeper to provide a various essential role in the society and
play a social role to eradicate the individual who is being sick for the longer period.
work or housekeeping. It is also can arise that if the condition of the sickness is more severe and
create a critical situation for the individual then the greater to the exemptions.
Moreover, it is also analyzed that the genuine inlays scene is beyond the control of the
person and not appropriate and treatable by the simple motivation for the strength, then the sick
person could not blame for their disease or any kind of illness which is suffered in which they
should be taken care by others until taken resume their social activity in the normal way.
Moreover, it is the right of the sick person who is facing dealing with any type of complications
or consequences related to the health concerns because usually, this renders the life and activities
of a normal people.
Obligation:
As per this, the diseased person is used to be expected to see being sick as undesirable. So,
there are various applications to try and get well as quickly as possible with the various norms
and by the use of treatment which is provided by healthcare professionals. So, this application is
usually treated in the various factors.
After a certain period, it is well analyzing that the person must see technically helpful
when the individual comes in the condition of critical and the doctor are used to help with their
appropriate strategies and action plan of the diagnosis. The proper cooperation with the advice of
the doctor is useful to overcome various diseases and complications which can create several
consequences to the individual who is being sick for a longer period (Sandu and et. al., 2020).
The right and obligation of the doctor
Rights:
Status and rewards are usually a functional approach towards the rights of doctor in which
this help to encourage and provide the motivation to serve among the individual and share their
experience to overcome the individual from the critical point or any condition which is then
heated with the disease.
Considerable autonomy is associated with control and power which shows they are on the
action in the professional practices.
The rights of the doctor role are being associated with the patient. As per this, they used to
train expert and the called as a gatekeeper to provide a various essential role in the society and
play a social role to eradicate the individual who is being sick for the longer period.
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They have the right to examine the patients from the physical to the level of mind in which
they used to enquire every intimate area of the patient and their history related with the physical
and personal life.
Obligation:
Their highly expert and bring a degree of knowledge and skills which is applicable in the
work and provide the maximum scenario to understand the consequences.
To be well motivated and associated with the patients and raised the concerns of the
complications of the patient and used to utilize the knowledge and provide a proper relaxation
with the treatment and diagnose rather than seeking the professional gains for taking the patient
as an opportunity.
To not emotionally attached with the patient because it's created a hindrance to providing
professional conduct.
This, bound with the rule of professional ethics of professional conduct which is associated
with the oath (Afzelius and et. al., 2017).
1.3: stigmatization and its potential effect upon services users
Stigma in health facilities usually creates various complications in the determination of
diagnosis treatment and successful health outcomes. Whereas, addressing stigma is fundamental
today delivering quality health care and achieving optimal health. This correspondence is used to
provide a various contribution to the state of program knowledge which considered as an
approach and method regarding the intervention to reduce the stigma in the health facilities
because it creates various factors to provide potential health care to the number of individuals as
per the review and various health condition. This provides appropriate knowledge of the United
Kingdom where the number of health inequalities is used to determine the social aspect of
stigma., there are various definitions are associated with this in this discrimination is a powerful
social process that is usually characterized by typing and separation. Moreover, it also consists of
leading to status loss and discrimination this usually shows the context of power based on
various factors such as the economic and financial statement of any individual. Moreover,
discrimination is defined as their action towards any individual or the community based on the
real or perceived status on attitude in the medical condition this any individual is facing the
disease of human immunodeficiency virus then they must use to consider as an individual from
the social and community factor. Moreover, other associated discrimination-based points are
they used to enquire every intimate area of the patient and their history related with the physical
and personal life.
Obligation:
Their highly expert and bring a degree of knowledge and skills which is applicable in the
work and provide the maximum scenario to understand the consequences.
To be well motivated and associated with the patients and raised the concerns of the
complications of the patient and used to utilize the knowledge and provide a proper relaxation
with the treatment and diagnose rather than seeking the professional gains for taking the patient
as an opportunity.
To not emotionally attached with the patient because it's created a hindrance to providing
professional conduct.
This, bound with the rule of professional ethics of professional conduct which is associated
with the oath (Afzelius and et. al., 2017).
1.3: stigmatization and its potential effect upon services users
Stigma in health facilities usually creates various complications in the determination of
diagnosis treatment and successful health outcomes. Whereas, addressing stigma is fundamental
today delivering quality health care and achieving optimal health. This correspondence is used to
provide a various contribution to the state of program knowledge which considered as an
approach and method regarding the intervention to reduce the stigma in the health facilities
because it creates various factors to provide potential health care to the number of individuals as
per the review and various health condition. This provides appropriate knowledge of the United
Kingdom where the number of health inequalities is used to determine the social aspect of
stigma., there are various definitions are associated with this in this discrimination is a powerful
social process that is usually characterized by typing and separation. Moreover, it also consists of
leading to status loss and discrimination this usually shows the context of power based on
various factors such as the economic and financial statement of any individual. Moreover,
discrimination is defined as their action towards any individual or the community based on the
real or perceived status on attitude in the medical condition this any individual is facing the
disease of human immunodeficiency virus then they must use to consider as an individual from
the social and community factor. Moreover, other associated discrimination-based points are
reviewed by various articles such as social, economic, status, gender, race, sexual identity, and
age. As per the gender, it is also well determined that the homosexual or the transgender are
usually getting hate in the various form in which they are stigma in the various process and
operation (Waverijn and et. al., 2017).
It is a well-documented barrier to seeking the behavior of sales engagement to provide the
quality of care because they show various adherence to providing the treatment across a range of
skills and conditions. There are various factors which are heated with the stigmatization process
which used to mitigate the harmful consequences of health-related issue. For example, it is well
associated with the health conditions of any individual who is dealing with any type of disease
which is a critical existing system of frameworks are usually focus on the health condition in
isolation and often used to focus on the various psychological pathways which are occurring
amongst the individual. This is motivated the research of health-related stigma focusing on
individual and providing approach towards the self-oriented healthcare factors for everyone
discrimination frame was which is a global based to research and practice which elaborate the
various applications and a range of health conditions which is including leprosy, epilepsy, mental
health, cancer, obesity, and so on.
In this, the proper building of conceptualization of stigma various practical experience in
designing the reduction of various interventions. As per this, the government is also used to
create a varied background which is associated with the health stigma and discrimination
framework to reduce the stigma from the healthcare sectors to provide the quality of health and
quality of care to the number of patients who is dealing of facing the consequences of health
issues. In this, the stigma related to reaching gender, sexual orientation, class, and occupation
and usually meets with the health-related stigma and usually examines the framework which is
used to enhance the programming and policies to reduce the stigma. As per this, work as a
barrier and other us healthcare sectors to deliver the quality of care to the number of patients. In
this, the patient may be from the various community or the population in ways that children’s
adults, and old age are usually amplified.
age. As per the gender, it is also well determined that the homosexual or the transgender are
usually getting hate in the various form in which they are stigma in the various process and
operation (Waverijn and et. al., 2017).
It is a well-documented barrier to seeking the behavior of sales engagement to provide the
quality of care because they show various adherence to providing the treatment across a range of
skills and conditions. There are various factors which are heated with the stigmatization process
which used to mitigate the harmful consequences of health-related issue. For example, it is well
associated with the health conditions of any individual who is dealing with any type of disease
which is a critical existing system of frameworks are usually focus on the health condition in
isolation and often used to focus on the various psychological pathways which are occurring
amongst the individual. This is motivated the research of health-related stigma focusing on
individual and providing approach towards the self-oriented healthcare factors for everyone
discrimination frame was which is a global based to research and practice which elaborate the
various applications and a range of health conditions which is including leprosy, epilepsy, mental
health, cancer, obesity, and so on.
In this, the proper building of conceptualization of stigma various practical experience in
designing the reduction of various interventions. As per this, the government is also used to
create a varied background which is associated with the health stigma and discrimination
framework to reduce the stigma from the healthcare sectors to provide the quality of health and
quality of care to the number of patients who is dealing of facing the consequences of health
issues. In this, the stigma related to reaching gender, sexual orientation, class, and occupation
and usually meets with the health-related stigma and usually examines the framework which is
used to enhance the programming and policies to reduce the stigma. As per this, work as a
barrier and other us healthcare sectors to deliver the quality of care to the number of patients. In
this, the patient may be from the various community or the population in ways that children’s
adults, and old age are usually amplified.
PART 2: Model of health used within health and social care
2.1: Evaluate two different model of healthcare delivery
There is various model of health care delivery which state about various functions answers
of core elements of the care model which is health system delivery system design decision
support system and self-management interns produce productive interactions between on and
patient and prepare proactive practices towards the various modes which essentially support the
healthcare management in order to maintain the floor and harmony within the sectors by various
devices and authorities. In this, the proper health care delivery is useful for the number of
population because it is appropriate and so on. The relevancy towards the healthcare
professionals towards their patients in this the appropriate healthcare delivery is usually helps to
build the more functions which is the smooth in nature and provide essential factor which is
maintain the resilience and wellbeing among the number of patients who are taking the services
from the healthcare sectors. Moreover, the healthcare professionals are used to aid of various
delivery pattern of the services by following various models which is established by community
and social group in order to maintain the resilience towards the delivery of health among the
number of populations. In this, some of the models are discussed (Waverijn and et. al., 2017).
The Bismarck model:
Bismarck model was first introduced near the end of the 19th century and starting of 20
centuries by otto von Bismarck. In this, it is more centralized form of healthcare payers this
model is used as a revolutionary method and approaches towards the health care centers. In this,
smart models’ employer and employee usually taking the responsibilities for finding their health
insurance system through various approaches which is governed by government organization of
significant which is created by reduction and internal systems in the private insurance plans are
also cover the employment persons. Overall, this is a pre-existing condition and the plan which is
show the profitability and essential duties of the various profit-based sections. Moreover, the
providers and hospitals are usually following the system and interventions for instance the single
insurance. In this, other countries such as Germany and republic are used to follow various
insurance with multiple completing sectors. In this, the government control the pricing decisions
and it is shows under the model of Beveridge. Unlike, the Beveridge model it is identified that
model do not provide any universal health coverage just model it is very necessary and required
to employment for health insurance. So, it is useful to locate the resources to those who
2.1: Evaluate two different model of healthcare delivery
There is various model of health care delivery which state about various functions answers
of core elements of the care model which is health system delivery system design decision
support system and self-management interns produce productive interactions between on and
patient and prepare proactive practices towards the various modes which essentially support the
healthcare management in order to maintain the floor and harmony within the sectors by various
devices and authorities. In this, the proper health care delivery is useful for the number of
population because it is appropriate and so on. The relevancy towards the healthcare
professionals towards their patients in this the appropriate healthcare delivery is usually helps to
build the more functions which is the smooth in nature and provide essential factor which is
maintain the resilience and wellbeing among the number of patients who are taking the services
from the healthcare sectors. Moreover, the healthcare professionals are used to aid of various
delivery pattern of the services by following various models which is established by community
and social group in order to maintain the resilience towards the delivery of health among the
number of populations. In this, some of the models are discussed (Waverijn and et. al., 2017).
The Bismarck model:
Bismarck model was first introduced near the end of the 19th century and starting of 20
centuries by otto von Bismarck. In this, it is more centralized form of healthcare payers this
model is used as a revolutionary method and approaches towards the health care centers. In this,
smart models’ employer and employee usually taking the responsibilities for finding their health
insurance system through various approaches which is governed by government organization of
significant which is created by reduction and internal systems in the private insurance plans are
also cover the employment persons. Overall, this is a pre-existing condition and the plan which is
show the profitability and essential duties of the various profit-based sections. Moreover, the
providers and hospitals are usually following the system and interventions for instance the single
insurance. In this, other countries such as Germany and republic are used to follow various
insurance with multiple completing sectors. In this, the government control the pricing decisions
and it is shows under the model of Beveridge. Unlike, the Beveridge model it is identified that
model do not provide any universal health coverage just model it is very necessary and required
to employment for health insurance. So, it is useful to locate the resources to those who
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contribute the financially and economically to the development and growth in the insurance
policies the primary criticism which is faced by Bismarck model how to provide care for those
who are not affordable take the services or who is not enable to work as an employee in
organization. They are restricted what's the policies and it's also include the elder populations
and the imbalance between retired and employees (Khoshnood and et. al., 2020).
The national health insurance:
The National health insurance models are usually broader aspects which shows the various
factor and authentication with the government and this is primarily attached to the various public
health services. In this, the model plan different aspects of both the model which is Bismarck and
the Beveridge. As per this, Beveridge model shows that the dominant act as a single player for
the medical procedures in this they used to provide various essential services to the number of
populations with a single payment method. Moreover, it is also analyzed that the Bismarck
model provides the services in the private mode and their service provider are used to take
various salaries and wages in order to provide and complete authentications of the insurances. In
this, the National health insurance model is usually driven by a number of private providers but
the payment come from the mode of government run insurances program in which the average
citizens paying and after that take the benefits by the private mode in which the government used
to mention various policies and procedures. The National health insurance model is universal in
nature and they used to provide the insurance which do not make any appropriate or denied any
claim which is essential in nature. Since, there is a variance trademarking which shows the
essential duties of marketing but the National insurance health models do not require any type of
marketing no any financial motive to deny claims and no concern for the profit. It is defined as a
cheaper and much simpler to navigate. Moreover, the balance between private and public gives
hospitals and providers mod freedom and necessity are in the wider scope without creating any
complications for maintaining the insurance plans and policies. As per this, the primary criticism
of the National health insurance model is showing the potential for the long waiting list and also
take the various risk in the delay of treatment which are considered as a serious health policy
issues in the National health insurance model (Bakouei and et. al., 2018).
policies the primary criticism which is faced by Bismarck model how to provide care for those
who are not affordable take the services or who is not enable to work as an employee in
organization. They are restricted what's the policies and it's also include the elder populations
and the imbalance between retired and employees (Khoshnood and et. al., 2020).
The national health insurance:
The National health insurance models are usually broader aspects which shows the various
factor and authentication with the government and this is primarily attached to the various public
health services. In this, the model plan different aspects of both the model which is Bismarck and
the Beveridge. As per this, Beveridge model shows that the dominant act as a single player for
the medical procedures in this they used to provide various essential services to the number of
populations with a single payment method. Moreover, it is also analyzed that the Bismarck
model provides the services in the private mode and their service provider are used to take
various salaries and wages in order to provide and complete authentications of the insurances. In
this, the National health insurance model is usually driven by a number of private providers but
the payment come from the mode of government run insurances program in which the average
citizens paying and after that take the benefits by the private mode in which the government used
to mention various policies and procedures. The National health insurance model is universal in
nature and they used to provide the insurance which do not make any appropriate or denied any
claim which is essential in nature. Since, there is a variance trademarking which shows the
essential duties of marketing but the National insurance health models do not require any type of
marketing no any financial motive to deny claims and no concern for the profit. It is defined as a
cheaper and much simpler to navigate. Moreover, the balance between private and public gives
hospitals and providers mod freedom and necessity are in the wider scope without creating any
complications for maintaining the insurance plans and policies. As per this, the primary criticism
of the National health insurance model is showing the potential for the long waiting list and also
take the various risk in the delay of treatment which are considered as a serious health policy
issues in the National health insurance model (Bakouei and et. al., 2018).
2.2: The case study provided justify a model of healthcare delivery that would be most
appropriate
As per the provided case study, this is well analyzed at the National health insurance model
is appropriate in order to provide the sufficient and appropriate healthcare delivery to the number
of populations. Because, in this, it is well mentioned that the private organization is used to
regulate the policies and procedures for whereas the government it also used to invest the fund in
order to make it probable and efficient in the working pattern. Moreover, this insurance is
usually helpful in order to provide the necessary element and component within the policies of
National health insurance because the government is also used to invest amount and funds to
provide the proper eligibility of health. This intervention from the dominant is usually helpful to
maintain the resilience and wellbeing among the number of populations in the UK who is facing
or dealing with the consequences which may create various hindrance in the delivering of
healthcare practices. In this, the healthcare professionals are also used to conduct very essential
services for the patient when they are used to know that and the person have their national
insurance policies. In this, the healthcare sector usually placed on the funds because they usually
required a number of investments to run the healthcare factors. Moreover, the national health
policies are concluded in nature which shows the proximal and appropriate way to identify the
funds in order to improve the quality of life of patient (Fetherman and et. al., 2021).
PART 3: Social inequalities influence the life chance and health status of
individuals
3.1: The government measures morbidity and mortality across the UK.
In this, it is well identified that there are various types of data which is required to describe
the various source of disease in a proper time place and persons. As per this, the source of data
on health and health related statistics are usually observed in the United Kingdom. Moreover,
there are some strength and limitation of each data. In this, some of them are sources of protein
data demographic data mortality data morbidity data use of health statistics and so on. As per
this, the mortality data and morbidity data are used to be an analyze by taking the reference of
United Kingdom.
The mortality data which shows the various statistics such as complete and continuous
availability in the UK whereas the mortality data in England and Wales are derived from the
appropriate
As per the provided case study, this is well analyzed at the National health insurance model
is appropriate in order to provide the sufficient and appropriate healthcare delivery to the number
of populations. Because, in this, it is well mentioned that the private organization is used to
regulate the policies and procedures for whereas the government it also used to invest the fund in
order to make it probable and efficient in the working pattern. Moreover, this insurance is
usually helpful in order to provide the necessary element and component within the policies of
National health insurance because the government is also used to invest amount and funds to
provide the proper eligibility of health. This intervention from the dominant is usually helpful to
maintain the resilience and wellbeing among the number of populations in the UK who is facing
or dealing with the consequences which may create various hindrance in the delivering of
healthcare practices. In this, the healthcare professionals are also used to conduct very essential
services for the patient when they are used to know that and the person have their national
insurance policies. In this, the healthcare sector usually placed on the funds because they usually
required a number of investments to run the healthcare factors. Moreover, the national health
policies are concluded in nature which shows the proximal and appropriate way to identify the
funds in order to improve the quality of life of patient (Fetherman and et. al., 2021).
PART 3: Social inequalities influence the life chance and health status of
individuals
3.1: The government measures morbidity and mortality across the UK.
In this, it is well identified that there are various types of data which is required to describe
the various source of disease in a proper time place and persons. As per this, the source of data
on health and health related statistics are usually observed in the United Kingdom. Moreover,
there are some strength and limitation of each data. In this, some of them are sources of protein
data demographic data mortality data morbidity data use of health statistics and so on. As per
this, the mortality data and morbidity data are used to be an analyze by taking the reference of
United Kingdom.
The mortality data which shows the various statistics such as complete and continuous
availability in the UK whereas the mortality data in England and Wales are derived from the
death which is certified by health care professionals in this the death certificates are usually
include a number of information such as the causes of death, address, and the individual
occupation. Moreover, the death certificate are used to send in the office of national statistics
where they used to identify the cause of day and classified as according to the revision of the
international classification of diseases moreover the mortality statistics states that the death of
ring annually in the England and Wales whereas the data include discount and rate by 6 age
group and underlying cause moreover it is also used to show the childhood and perinatal death
where is the certification and other statistics are available in the online mode moreover there are
some of the death are usually caused due to the injury and poisoning whereas it shows all death
attributes to the accidents poisoning and from there available violence which is also seen in the
various websites and internet platforms in this the health statistics are used to obtain quarterly
and annually where the information of death childhood mortality friend in health cancer survival
abortion and morbidity are also and online availability are shown by government (Jeon and et.
al., 2019).
The morbidity data shows the various routing structure which is less a readily available
than data relating to mortality in this it is well optimized that the range of morbidity data are
utilized in the various studies which is available and include other number of factors such as the
cancer registration, secretary notification of infectious disease, laboratory reporting of
microbiological data, general practitioners reporting of clinical data, hospitals episode data,
health surveys morbidity surveys from general practice, royal College of general practitioners
weekly returns. These all are options which is usually shows the various conclude factor to
where's the cancer statics in the United Kingdom. Moreover, this registration is usually
conducted by 9 independent regional register is that collect a voluntary basis which shows the
incidence of cancer in this the data are used to publish annually by ONS. In this, the international
agency for research on cancer and used to psoriasis figures in order to interpret the cancel
registration letter. Moreover, the care is needed when examining trends over time between
different regions. In this, as per taking the example of Cancer are used to be create various
method of data collection and registrations in which the recording of data is also associated. In
addition to this, there was various misclassification of the cancer cases due to change in the
system of coding can affect the source of the data.
include a number of information such as the causes of death, address, and the individual
occupation. Moreover, the death certificate are used to send in the office of national statistics
where they used to identify the cause of day and classified as according to the revision of the
international classification of diseases moreover the mortality statistics states that the death of
ring annually in the England and Wales whereas the data include discount and rate by 6 age
group and underlying cause moreover it is also used to show the childhood and perinatal death
where is the certification and other statistics are available in the online mode moreover there are
some of the death are usually caused due to the injury and poisoning whereas it shows all death
attributes to the accidents poisoning and from there available violence which is also seen in the
various websites and internet platforms in this the health statistics are used to obtain quarterly
and annually where the information of death childhood mortality friend in health cancer survival
abortion and morbidity are also and online availability are shown by government (Jeon and et.
al., 2019).
The morbidity data shows the various routing structure which is less a readily available
than data relating to mortality in this it is well optimized that the range of morbidity data are
utilized in the various studies which is available and include other number of factors such as the
cancer registration, secretary notification of infectious disease, laboratory reporting of
microbiological data, general practitioners reporting of clinical data, hospitals episode data,
health surveys morbidity surveys from general practice, royal College of general practitioners
weekly returns. These all are options which is usually shows the various conclude factor to
where's the cancer statics in the United Kingdom. Moreover, this registration is usually
conducted by 9 independent regional register is that collect a voluntary basis which shows the
incidence of cancer in this the data are used to publish annually by ONS. In this, the international
agency for research on cancer and used to psoriasis figures in order to interpret the cancel
registration letter. Moreover, the care is needed when examining trends over time between
different regions. In this, as per taking the example of Cancer are used to be create various
method of data collection and registrations in which the recording of data is also associated. In
addition to this, there was various misclassification of the cancer cases due to change in the
system of coding can affect the source of the data.
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3.2: Social equalities in health and what factors influence it.
Health inequalities is defined as an inappropriate segmentation in order delivery of
healthcare treatment and diagnostic to the number of individuals on the basis of their racism
caste and diversity. Moreover, the major factor which create the health inequalities in the
healthcare sectors which is used by healthcare professionals is due to the low economic factors
on the towards social economic background. As per the current scenario, the injustice is usually
happening on the basis of health inequalities are developed by the economic factors the
healthcare services is totally depend on the economy basis in which the higher economic people
are effective and efficient to take the quality of care and quality of treatment from the healthcare
professionals in the healthcare sector. Moreover, as a health inequality have been implying the
difference which is unfair harmful and discrimination-based services in the health inequalities
are a problem of injustice. Usually, they describe people with a fair manner of life chances based
on their position in the society the health inequalities are a public health problem because usually
the used to restrict on the full his potential of population from being fulfilled (Carey and et. al.,
2018).
In this, there are a number of social inequalities in health are also based on the number of
problems in which the economic problem is usually signify because it's created the negative
impact due to the employment economic growth public expenditure threatening the sustainability
and political legitimacy of the welfare of states. In this, the United Kingdom are usually face and
number of factors which is arises due to the demographic transition is fair the racism is included
in every healthcare sector which affect the delivering of healthcare services to the number of
populations. As per the current issues in the public health there are two casual debates which are
usually identified in the health sectors are inequality and interdisciplinary pattern. Moreover, it is
well known that the policies are usually implemented by government in order to provide the
quality of health and quality of services which is related with the utilisation of treatment and
diagnosis to create the effective channels for people.
The health inequalities are usually based on the various commitment to the political
activism for the social equality and justice. As per this, the political factor is usually ensuring
that they used to decrease the level of discrimination and racism some of the society in order to
delivering the quality of healthcare services to the number of populations. Today, the healthcare
inequality is a confined in various issues in which there are a number of characterized by a
Health inequalities is defined as an inappropriate segmentation in order delivery of
healthcare treatment and diagnostic to the number of individuals on the basis of their racism
caste and diversity. Moreover, the major factor which create the health inequalities in the
healthcare sectors which is used by healthcare professionals is due to the low economic factors
on the towards social economic background. As per the current scenario, the injustice is usually
happening on the basis of health inequalities are developed by the economic factors the
healthcare services is totally depend on the economy basis in which the higher economic people
are effective and efficient to take the quality of care and quality of treatment from the healthcare
professionals in the healthcare sector. Moreover, as a health inequality have been implying the
difference which is unfair harmful and discrimination-based services in the health inequalities
are a problem of injustice. Usually, they describe people with a fair manner of life chances based
on their position in the society the health inequalities are a public health problem because usually
the used to restrict on the full his potential of population from being fulfilled (Carey and et. al.,
2018).
In this, there are a number of social inequalities in health are also based on the number of
problems in which the economic problem is usually signify because it's created the negative
impact due to the employment economic growth public expenditure threatening the sustainability
and political legitimacy of the welfare of states. In this, the United Kingdom are usually face and
number of factors which is arises due to the demographic transition is fair the racism is included
in every healthcare sector which affect the delivering of healthcare services to the number of
populations. As per the current issues in the public health there are two casual debates which are
usually identified in the health sectors are inequality and interdisciplinary pattern. Moreover, it is
well known that the policies are usually implemented by government in order to provide the
quality of health and quality of services which is related with the utilisation of treatment and
diagnosis to create the effective channels for people.
The health inequalities are usually based on the various commitment to the political
activism for the social equality and justice. As per this, the political factor is usually ensuring
that they used to decrease the level of discrimination and racism some of the society in order to
delivering the quality of healthcare services to the number of populations. Today, the healthcare
inequality is a confined in various issues in which there are a number of characterized by a
combination of scientific rigour and a strong political engagement in which it shows various
figures and features of the field including medicine, social epidemiology, political sciences, and
sociology. These all are the music expect in which the reducing health inequality features in
several countries. As per this, the biological factor is also creating the various challenging to the
nature or the dichotomy features which can resist in order to delivering quality of care to the
number of population political bases and wrong society norms and ethics create various very
abilities in order to produce positive outcome in the healthcare sector (Arsenijevic and et. al.,
2020).
3.3: The use of health education and health promotion to improve the health of the nation
Health promotion is defined as a promoting health consequence and their availability
among the population. Moreover, it is also a different and health promotion and disease
prevention are usually collaborated in order to initiate the program which is focused on the
people life and make them. The health promotion program has a main objective to engage and
empower the number of populations and communities to choose the area which is healthy in
nature and reduce the risk of chronic diseases which is create consequences and life-threatening
issues. It is a well-defined by World health organization that people have control over their own
in order to cover a wide range of social and environmental intervention which is used to design
in order to gain the final and protect individuals people has and provide a quality of life and
quality of care by preventing the root and the main causes of illness the treatment. The disease
prevention from health promotion because it's usually focuses on the specific which objective is
to reduce the development and see reality of chronic diseases and the related morbidities.
Moreover, the well is related to the health promotion and disease prevention as per it is also an
overrated that the attribute which is taken by individual in order to maintain the resilience and
positive behavior and their outcomes. The health promotion and disease prevention program are
usually a number of social determinants of health which have basic scenario to attract the
modifiable best cultural and political conditions in which people are used on grow and develop
themselves. There are various which are used to be reduced in order to improve the quality of life
such as tobacco use, eating habit that of physical activity and the development of chronic
diseases which can be eight years in order to develop the cognitive emotional and social among
the number of populations (Krick and et. al., 2019).
figures and features of the field including medicine, social epidemiology, political sciences, and
sociology. These all are the music expect in which the reducing health inequality features in
several countries. As per this, the biological factor is also creating the various challenging to the
nature or the dichotomy features which can resist in order to delivering quality of care to the
number of population political bases and wrong society norms and ethics create various very
abilities in order to produce positive outcome in the healthcare sector (Arsenijevic and et. al.,
2020).
3.3: The use of health education and health promotion to improve the health of the nation
Health promotion is defined as a promoting health consequence and their availability
among the population. Moreover, it is also a different and health promotion and disease
prevention are usually collaborated in order to initiate the program which is focused on the
people life and make them. The health promotion program has a main objective to engage and
empower the number of populations and communities to choose the area which is healthy in
nature and reduce the risk of chronic diseases which is create consequences and life-threatening
issues. It is a well-defined by World health organization that people have control over their own
in order to cover a wide range of social and environmental intervention which is used to design
in order to gain the final and protect individuals people has and provide a quality of life and
quality of care by preventing the root and the main causes of illness the treatment. The disease
prevention from health promotion because it's usually focuses on the specific which objective is
to reduce the development and see reality of chronic diseases and the related morbidities.
Moreover, the well is related to the health promotion and disease prevention as per it is also an
overrated that the attribute which is taken by individual in order to maintain the resilience and
positive behavior and their outcomes. The health promotion and disease prevention program are
usually a number of social determinants of health which have basic scenario to attract the
modifiable best cultural and political conditions in which people are used on grow and develop
themselves. There are various which are used to be reduced in order to improve the quality of life
such as tobacco use, eating habit that of physical activity and the development of chronic
diseases which can be eight years in order to develop the cognitive emotional and social among
the number of populations (Krick and et. al., 2019).
This specific activity which helpful for the comfortable for the promotion of health and
wellness programs are usually include:
Communication:
The raising of awareness about the healthy life and their behavior for the general people
is usually based on the proper interaction and communication strategies will include the public
service announcement, fair mass media campaigns, and various storytelling features which is
accessible to gain the information about new health promotions tactics.
Education:
As per this, education is helpful to empower the behavior changes and action with the
enhanced knowledge. Whereas, the examples which is stated the health education strategies and
includes training, support group, and provide a learning courses to the number of populations.
Policy, system, and Environment:
As per this, making systematic changes through improved laws rules and regulations such as
policy for implementation is helpful to enable the people towards the healthy choices and also
encourage the health promotion and disease prevention program models amongst the number of
individuals (Katembo and et. al., 2017).
CONCLUSION
As per the above discussion, this is well analyzed at the condition associated with the health
promotions are usually show various factor and accessibility towards the future outcome which
is positive in nature. Moreover, the consequences with the mortality and morbidity rates are also
analyzed in the systemic pattern and also it referred to the online mode through the government.
In this, the health care delivery in the healthcare sectors is also play various roles in order to
provide in the effective and efficient improvement to the patient who is taking the services from
the healthcare sectors. However, these all are beneficial approach towards the healthcare sector.
wellness programs are usually include:
Communication:
The raising of awareness about the healthy life and their behavior for the general people
is usually based on the proper interaction and communication strategies will include the public
service announcement, fair mass media campaigns, and various storytelling features which is
accessible to gain the information about new health promotions tactics.
Education:
As per this, education is helpful to empower the behavior changes and action with the
enhanced knowledge. Whereas, the examples which is stated the health education strategies and
includes training, support group, and provide a learning courses to the number of populations.
Policy, system, and Environment:
As per this, making systematic changes through improved laws rules and regulations such as
policy for implementation is helpful to enable the people towards the healthy choices and also
encourage the health promotion and disease prevention program models amongst the number of
individuals (Katembo and et. al., 2017).
CONCLUSION
As per the above discussion, this is well analyzed at the condition associated with the health
promotions are usually show various factor and accessibility towards the future outcome which
is positive in nature. Moreover, the consequences with the mortality and morbidity rates are also
analyzed in the systemic pattern and also it referred to the online mode through the government.
In this, the health care delivery in the healthcare sectors is also play various roles in order to
provide in the effective and efficient improvement to the patient who is taking the services from
the healthcare sectors. However, these all are beneficial approach towards the healthcare sector.
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Participatory Research Partnership. Workplace Health & Safety, 69(1), pp.7-14.
Jeon and et. al., 2019. Structural Equation Model of Health Promotion Behaviors in Late School-
aged Children: Based on the Theory of Planned Behavior. Child Health Nursing
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Carey and et. al., 2018. Prevention and control of hypertension: JACC health promotion
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Arsenijevic and et. al., 2020. Health promotion policies for elderly—Some comparisons across
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Krick and et. al., 2019. Turning intention into participation in occupational health promotion
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Books and Journals
Afzelius and et. al., 2017. Children of parents with serious mental illness: The perspective of
social workers. Practice, 29(4), pp.293-310.
Alegría and et. al., 2021. Transforming Mental Health And Addiction Services: Commentary
describes steps to improve outcomes for people with mental illness and addiction in the
United States. Health Affairs, 40(2), pp.226-234.
Corfee and et. al., 2019. The social reproduction of difference: Mental illness and the intensive
care environment. Aporia, 11(2), pp.35-43.
Dudina and et. al., 2019, December. Personal Illness Experience in Russian Social Media:
Between Willingness to Share and Stigmatization. In International Conference on
Internet Science (pp. 47-58). Springer, Cham.
Feuston and et. al., 2019, May. Algorithms, Oppression, and Mental Illness on Social Media.
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