Improving Health of Indigenous Australia: Social Determinants, Primary Health Care Principles, and Cultural Competence

This article discusses the social determinants of health, primary health care principles, and cultural competence in improving the health of Indigenous Australia. It also provides examples from a video and highlights the importance of these concepts in developing a program.

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Med-700330
HEALTH OF INDIGENOUS AUSTRALIA
8
Running head: HEALTH OF INDIGENOUS
AUSTRALIA
HEALTH OF INDIGENOUS AUSTRALIA
Table of Contents
Question 1 2
The social determinants of health inform the way we use
primary health care to help communitiesto maintain health
and wellness. Using relevant examplesfrom the video,
identify and discuss how two (2) social determinants of
health helped determine the need for the project2
Question 2 3
Using relevant examplesfrom the video, identify and
explain how two primary health care principlesguided the
project in the video 3
Question 3 4
Identify one National Health Priority Area that will be
impacted on because of the program. Explain how this
has the potential to affect the health of children or adults in
the community, now or in the future 4
Question 4 5
Definecultural competence and cultural safety. Discuss
why these concepts are important considerations when
developing a program like the one in the video. Provide at
least one example from the video where these concepts are
demonstrated . 5
References 6
Question 1
The social determinants of health inform the way we use
primary health care to help communitiesto maintain health
and wellness. Using relevant examplesfrom the video,
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identify and discuss how two (2) social determinants of
health helped determine the need for the project
The social determinants of the health play an integral role
in informing the manner in which the primary health care
contributes to maintaining the wellness as well as the
health of the communities. The effectiveness of the primary
health care aims at keeping the individuals, communitiesas
well as the family in the healthy condition. The
improvements in the health of the population through the
process of the healthcare helps in the prevention of the
investments,which is required for the surgicalpurposes,
increase in the pharmaceutical usage along with the
hospitalization. The primary health care also helps in the
supporting the families, communities, individuals as well
as the health sector, to prevent any diseases and illness
(Greenwood et al. 2015).This includes the identification
and the working for the improvement of the social
conditions, which contributes to the significanceimpact
on the health such as the housing, education, income and
the environment.
The first social determinants that are identifiedin the
video are the social exclusion of the teenage girls, who are
conceiving the child at a younger age (Smylie and
Firestone, 2016).They are being secluded by the society
because of the varying perceptions of the societywho do
not treat the teenager mothers in the same manner as the
married ones. This, in turn, is encouraging the young
mothers to assess the Maternal and the Child Health Care
services, since they are not able to participate in the
mother's group.The initiativestaken by the social workers
help in building up their depression as well as help them to
fight against the stress, postnatal depression and prevent
them from taking up the drugs. Thus, it is necessary to
help them fight as well as the depression, to sustain
health and wellness. Thus, this defines the necessity of
the project to improve the state of the health of the
individuals, for the betterment of their lifestyle (Fisher et
al. 2016).
Another social determinant identified from the video is the
indigenous community of Australia has been suffering
from the increasing child and drug abuse. The research has
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shownthat the Kalumburu, the indigenous communityin
Western Australia, has been witnessing a large number of
sexualassault charges in its community. This has
resulted in the increasing trauma in the community. Thus,
to provide safety to the community, the CIRCLE
(Collaborative Indigenous Research Centre for learning
and Care) takes initiativesin rebuilding the community
and healing them, to helpthem recover from the trauma
(Drummond et al. 2015).
Question 2
Using relevant examplesfrom the video, identify and
explain how two primary health care principlesguided the
project in the video
The social determinants that have been identifiedfrom
the video, which has led to the determination of the need
of the projectrequired. The primary health care
principlesthat helped in the guiding of the project in the
video involve the Maternal and the Child Health Care
services. The health care principle involvedin resolving
the issue regardingsocial exclusion includes the
collaborativeapproaches. This approach sees the health
care services that work with the different sectors such as
community-based delivery of service organizations, either
non-government or government. The initiativestaken by
the social workers help in building up their depression as
well as help them to fight against the stress, postnatal
depression and prevent them from taking up the drugs.
Thus, it is necessary to helpthem fight as well as the
depression, to sustain health and wellness. Thus, this
defines the necessity of the project to improve the state of
the health of the individuals, for the betterment of their
lifestyle (Cunningham et al. 2016).
Another health care principle that is to be taken into the
consideration while dealing the indigenous communitiesof
Western Australia is the engagement of the genuine and
local indigenous community, for maximizing the
participation and as well inclusionof the formal
structures of the community(Clifford et al. 2015).The
research has shownthat the Kalumburu, the indigenous
community in Western Australia, has been witnessing
large number of sexualassault charges in its
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community. This has resulted in the increasing trauma
in the community. Thus, to provide safety to the
community, the CIRCLE (Collaborative Indigenous
Research Centre for learning and Care) takes initiativesin
rebuilding the communityand healing them, to help
them recover from the trauma (Drummond et al. 2015).
Question 3
Identify one National Health Priority Area that will be
impacted on because of the program. Explain how this
has the potential to affect the health of children or adults in
the community, now or in the future
The National Health Priority Area refers to the approach,
which acts as an initiative for bringing the national health
policy,emphasizing on conditions as well as the diseases,
which have a hugeimpact on the health of the
communities. The National Health Priority Area that can be
identified from the video is poverty as well as hygiene
and health conditions of the children belonging to the
indigenous communitiesof Western Australia. The
research has shownthat the Kalumburu, the indigenous
community in Western Australia, has been witnessing
large number of sexualassault charges in its
community. This has resulted in the increasing trauma
in the community. However, the CIRCLE (Collaborative
Indigenous Research Centre for learning and Care) has
taken the initiativesin rebuilding the communityand
healing them, to helpthem recover from the trauma. This
approach mainly aims at the providing the safety to the
community by offering a secured environment (Kolahdooz
et al. 2015).
The CIRCLE denotes the healing circle, which in turn
helps in the rebuilding of the community via sharing of the
stories, encouraging them as well as making them aware of
the side effect of the drug abuse ("It Takes a Village,"
2014).The healing method involves the description of the
pain of the community through the techniques of painting,
dancing, and the story maps. This method encourages the
people to muster up the courage to speak about their
experiences and communicate with each other with their
emotions. This, in turn, helps in the establishment of the
healthy relationamong the people belonging to the same
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community, which in turn, helpsin the building of unity
among them. Proper education is being providedto the
children as well as the adults belonging to the
communities, in the context of the cultural background to
which they originally belong. Thisnot only helps them to
become competent to survive through the adversities but
also helps them in eradicating the poverty and sustaining
the better lifestyle. In addition to that, the CIRCLE also
gives guidance on the danger related to the drug and the
alcohol as well createawareness among them about the
protection, while mating. Thisshall help the community
in acquiring knowledge about the hygiene and the health-
related issues, leading to an improvement in their way of
living (Kolahdooz et al. 2015).
Question 4
Definecultural competence and cultural safety. Discuss
why these concepts are important considerations when
developing a program like the one in the video. Provide at
least one example from the video where these concepts are
demonstrated.
The cultural safety is referredto as the creation of the
environment where the indigenous communitiesare treated
respectfully by the cultural background as well as aspects.
The safety revolves around the empowerment of the
tribes to actively take part in the interactions, getting to
know the individualorganization as well as their
surroundings. Cultural competence,on the other hand,
refers to the ability for the interactionamong the
communitiesin an effective manner, which helps in
ensuring that requirements of the members of the
community are being addressedefficiently. The CIRCLE
(Collaborative Indigenous Research Centre for learning
and Care) has taken the initiativesin rebuilding the
community and healing them, to helpthem recover
from the trauma (Whalen et al. 2016).This approach
mainly aims at the providing the safety to the community
by offering a secured environment.
The CIRCLE denotes the healing circle, which in turn
helps in the rebuilding of the community via sharing of the
stories, encouraging them as well as making them aware of
the side effect of the drug abuse. The healing method
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involves the description of the pain of the community
through the techniques of painting, dancing and the story
maps (Cunningham et al. 2016).This method encourages
the people to muster up the courage to speak about their
experiences and communicate with each other with their
emotions. In addition to that, the CIRCLE also gives
guidance on the danger related to the drug and the alcohol
as well createawareness among them about the protection,
while mating. Thisshall help the community in acquiring
knowledge about the hygiene and the health-related issues,
leading to an improvement in their way of living. Thus, the
cultural safety as well as the cultural competenceare
necessary while the program development ("It Takes a
Village", 2014)
References
Anderson, I., Robson, B., Connolly, M., Al-Yaman, F.,
Bjertness, E., King, A., ... & Pesantes,M. A. (2016).
Indigenous and tribal peoples' health (The Lancet–Lowitja
Institute GlobalCollaboration): a population study. The
Lancet, 388(10040), 131-157.
Clifford, A., McCalman, J., Bainbridge, R., & Tsey, K.
(2015). Interventions to improve cultural competency in
health care for Indigenous peoples of Australia, New
Zealand, Canada and the USA: asystematic review.
International Journal for Quality in Health Care, 27(2),
89-98.
Cunningham, F. C., Ferguson-Hill, S., Matthews, V., &
Bailie, R. (2016). Leveraging quality improvement through
use of the Systems Assessment Tool in Indigenous
primary health care services:mixed methods study. BMC
health services research, 16(1), 583.
Drummond, M. F., Sculpher, M. J., Claxton, K., Stoddart,
G. L., & Torrance, G. W. (2015). Methodsfor the
economicevaluation of health care programmes. Oxford
university press.
Fisher, M., Baum,F. E., MacDougall, C., Newman, L., &
McDermott, D. (2016). To what extentdo Australian health
policy documents address social determinants of health and
health equity?. Journal of Social Policy,45(3), 545-564.
Greenwood, M., De Leeuw, S., Lindsay, N. M., &
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Reading, C. (Eds.).(2015). Determinantsof Indigenous
Peoples' Health. Canadian Scholars' Press.
Hunter, C. L., Goodie, J. L., Oordt, M. S., & Dobmeyer, A.
C. (2017). Integrated behavioral health in primary care:
Step-by-step guidance for assessment and intervention.
American Psychological Association.
Kolahdooz, F., Nader, F., Yi, K. J., & Sharma, S. (2015).
Understanding the social determinants of health among
Indigenous Canadians: priorities for health promotion
policies and actions.Globalhealth action, 8(1), 27968.
Lam, J., Lord, S. J., Hunter, K. E., Simes, R. J., Vu,T., &
Askie, L. M. (2015). Australian clinical trial activity and
burden of disease: an analysis of registered trials in
National Health Priority Areas. The Medical journal of
Australia, 203(2), 97-101.
Mitrou, F., Cooke, M., Lawrence, D., Povah, D., Mobilia,
E., Guimond,E., & Zubrick, S. R. (2014). Gaps in
Indigenous disadvantagenot closing: a census cohort
study of social determinants of health in Australia, Canada,
and New Zealand from 1981–2006. BMC Public Health,
14(1), 201.
Smylie, J., & Firestone, M. (2016). The healthof
indigenous peoples. D. Raphael (3rd ed.) Social
determinants of health: Canadianperspective, 434-469.
It Takes a Village. (2018). YouTube. Retrieved5 April
2018, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=XcXGuq_k2K8
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