Health Inequalities and Strategies to Minimize Them in Westminster

This report discusses health inequalities in Westminster and strategies to minimize them. It covers factors contributing to obesity, such as lifestyle choices, stress, and lack of physical activity, and suggests interventions like stress management, physical activity, and healthy eating habits.

Comparative Healthcare
Systems

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................................................3
MAIN BODY ..................................................................................................................................3
Health inequalities in Westminster.............................................................................................3
Strategies to minimize health inequalities within Westminster..................................................5
CONCLUSION ...............................................................................................................................5
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................6

INTRODUCTION
Obesity has been declared as major problem, which has been overtaken as the biggest
cause of morality. Along with research representing, that lifestyle choices such as eating habits
and harmful practices of individuals contributed, which lead them to follow unhealthy habitats
and affect their well-being. (Aiello and et. al., 2019) Obesity is considered to be complicated
disease that evolves an excessive amount of body fat, which happens due to individuals lifestyle
choices. It is medical threat which has been associated with several other harmful diseases. It is
prevailed when an individual's body mass index is more than 25 or greater more than 25. (Batsis
and Villareal, 2018)The report underpins the health determinants of obesity. It also determine the
health inequalities in Westminster and delineate the core relationship within the determinants of
health which are contributing in obesity. Moreover, it also suggests strategies in order to address
the local health inequalities.
MAIN BODY
Studies concluded that there are multiple health determinants, which are non medical
factors that can influence either positive or negative to the health outcomes of individuals. In
which there are certain conditions in which people are born, develop, work, live and age, and
also the vast group of forces and system helps to provide shape the conditions of daily life.
(Carrolland et. al.,2017) As per the studies, the force and system consist economic polices and
system, development campaigns and agenda, various social norms, social policies and also
political system. As per the studies, it has been concluded The health inequalities are induced
through it.
Health inequalities in Westminster
In Westminster, a pattern that exist, where some groups have worse health as compare to
other groups and these are considered as health inequalities. The health quaintnesses are the
factors that can affect physical, social and emotional dimensions of heath of people. Health
inequalities are common in Westminster. (Endalifer, and Diress, 2020) The first health inequality
which can be determined health lifestyle choices. Studies concluded due to their lifestyle choices
people termed to impact negative influence on their health. It has been considered that health
inequalities within affluent and deprived areas in Westminster are among the most highlighted
stark which have lack of difference in life expectancy within wards. People termed to increase

risk associated with heart disease, due to their stress causing factors such as financial stress,
mental stress,, family issues and career related conflicts, can an individuals to suffer a battle
which occur in their life. It can improved by improving quality and standard of life by attaining
learning and knowledge. (Ling and Rönn, 2019).
These internal battles affect individual's social, mental and physical health of a person,
which lead them to suffer associated diseases and metal distress such as depression,
hypertension, anxieties and others. Mental illness can also lead an individual to lower their
appetite which can affect their growth and content of nutritions in their body.(Ling and Rönn,
2019). Resultant, they can lead to have junk foods, which is termed to be main source of causing
obesity within population of Westminster. These distress and diseases are interlinked with
cardiovascular diseases. It is major public health issues as well and also studies state that obesity
is embedded with cardiovascular diseases, which is determine as biggest killer of many
individuals.
According to the studies, another factors which is considered as health inequalities are
increased rates of strokes, cancer, smoking, consumption of alcohol within population and health
lifestyles. These practices itself are injurious to the health of population. These are legal poisons
from which each individuals gets negatively influenced. (Russo and Lumeng, 2018) These
practices can itself cause harmful affect to each body part of individuals. For an example,
smoking practices can cause lung infections, cardiovascular diseases and also other internals
death taking affect, which is death taking if it is being for long term. Studies conclude these are
the factors which can also involves other chronic illness such as cancer. These are considered
unhealthy practices which widely contributes in increasing rates of obesity. As per the data, it
has been estimated that the prevalence of daily smokers. The latest office for National Statistics
data represents that 11.5% of individuals people who are aged 18 or more than 18. In
Westminster, the lowest rate of smoking rates which has been explored for seven years in 2012,
and it was estimated as 17.7%. whereas, there are about 36% of people who are termed as daily
drinkers.(Piché, and et. al., 2018) As these practices can cause harmful affect on population, and
can lad to suffer with obesity. These practices can be lowered by considered strategies, it can
management with the help of interventions.
Childhood obesity has a complicated web of causes along with more than 120 well
known influencing factors. Meaning that a variety of range approach is needed, in order to tackle

with health issue. In Westminster, it has been found that children are termed to have less physical
activities and most likely to sit at their sofa or couch and watch television, meanwhile consuming
a wide range of junk foods. (Puhl, and et. al., 2020) This factors lead them to attain a bulk of
weight and influence obesity. Also, it has been reported that children also get easily access to
junk foods while staying at schools by school canteens or tuck shops. This habitat lead to eat
heavy amount fat, that lead them to get obesity. Children obesity is most concerning issue which
needs high attention.
Studies further concluded that obesity is also associated with diabetes causing factors in
which Type 2, is most common, which has been observed in thee recent times. (Russo and
Lumeng, 2018) According to the National Survey, in four out of ten, children prefers to play
outdoor games, rather than watching television and indoor games. Hence, it reflects the amount
of willingness of children in respect to physical activities. Physical inactivities in children can
lead individual to face multiple risk factors, in which obesity is one of issue associated with it.
The problems grows as children get older than their age. Children can also get mentally harm
with this health inequality, it has been reported that children who have exposure of screenplay at
least 3 hours a day, might be frustrated, can be agitated easily, know least in regards with morals
and values. (Salvestrini, Sell, and Lorenzini, 2019) Studies confirmed that these factors are
major contributors in global health issue as obesity.
It can also lowered by providing enough understanding in respect of disease. Children
can be also provided a better understanding of obesity, its causes and how it can be prevented.
It has been determined that children also require a good amount of social, emotionalism and
parental support order to face complicated issues of obesity. (Schauer, and et. al., 2020) As per
the studies it has been determined that there are number of cases which has been highlight in
schools that children may deal with other factors due to obesity. Other factors that are bullying,
teasing and other. These factors can cause children to deal with mental distress such as
depression, anxieties and so on. In some cases , it can also induce suicidal tendencies in children.
Moreover, another, one of the major issue which can be highlighted within the population
of Westminster, is people do not have enough understanding and learning in regards with self
management and living a healthy lifestyles. This can promotes people to deal with several
complexities in regard with their health. The individuals may willingly lead to have exposure of
unhealthy practices such as substance use. (Vas and et. al., 2020) It has bee discovered that there

are 10% of people who are use substance within Westminster, that is well known factor of
obesity. These can let people to select their lifestyle choices by their own, that can lead to induce
factors which are associated with harmful diseases, in which obesity is most common. This is
well known environmental and leisure as health inequality factor that contributes the factors of
health inequalities. These little awareness in respect with self management can lead an individual
risk causing disease that might prevailed occurrence of obesity. There has been little
understanding that can be observed in the population of Westminster.
Strategies to minimize health inequalities within Westminster
As per the studies, WHO has announced the rising levels of obesity as a international
epidemic, that needs an urgent action by all member of countries in order to address chromic
diseases that has been burden the epidemic creates. In Securing Good Health Among Population,
community warned them, that unless the target population becomes fully engaged in regards with
their won health, the NHS will be unaffordable by the end of 2020. (Luhar, and et. al., 2020) in
which, the specify sectors that the community cited was prevalence of obesity cases along with
accompanying inclination in co-morbidities such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes etc. hence
it can individual to determine their own healthy practices that on should be follow. As it has been
observed that stress was a causing threat which leads an individual to complexities. In order to
mange the stress of individuals, the Stress management Strategies should be considered, that can
lead in individuals to encounters interventions which can help them to manage their stress.
(Wang and et. al., 2019) The Stress Management Learning should be provided to each
individual, that can promote a clear understanding of administration of daily life stress of people.
The Obesity Strategy highly support one of the key objectives which has been introduced
within Westminster's City Plan, 2006-2017, which is well known by Working Together To
Shape Our City's Future, that can able to provide the cross cutting health complexities. Reports
concluded, this considered City Plan recognise that the level of exposure of physical activities
which are being decreased and obesity is inclined that is determined as a key concern for 10
years of the formulated City Plan (Vas and et. al., 2020). The strategy which has been considered
that highly aims on its agenda of delivering preventative quality of services and can help them to
work on the reduction of stark health inequalities which are being experienced across by the city.
Studies concluded that the physical activities can help individuals to ease their stress also, can
promotes intellectual development. Physical activities are essential for individuals, as per the

report, in order to lower the risk factors of obesity, one should do develop a plan and also diet
plan, which they should strictly follow as per guidance for their trainers. One should do 3-4 times
exercises at least (Russo and Lumeng, 2018). Exercises such as skipping, swimming, cardio at
gyms and others are recommended that can help to maintain body mass index of a person.
It has been determined that addressing each factors of obesity that will be able to help in
reducing health inequalities, which are being contributing to attain desired goals and objectives
of the Westminster Local Area Agreement, the Health Inequalities Action Plan (forthcoming),
the Programme For Healthier Westminster and also the Local Area Regeneration Plan.
Therefore, there is high demand to address, the childhood obesity, the considered strategy to
lower children obese is Be Healthy strand of Every Child Matters: Change for Children, and it
will be reviewed within the forthcoming Westminster Joint Ares Review and Annual
Performance Assessment. (Puhl, and et. al., 2020) Child obesity is a major and concerning
factors which has to be look carefully. Decreasing screen play time and providing ample of
opportunities to children of physical activities can be effective intervention.
As it can help them manage their body mass index and also will be helpful to promote
development of a child. Also, there are considered strategies that are determined by government
such as Traffic Signals, that can help to control exposure of unhealthy foods from school
canteens or tuck shops. The traffic signals demonstrate that each colour has its own meaning,
such as red colour food items will be available for only once in a week, whereas yellow and
green colour reflects its own meaning. (Schauer, and et. al., 2020) It can help them to manage
their healthy diet and also can help them to have exposure of physical activities. Association of
healthy eating habitats along with physical activities exposure can assist children to foster their
growth and development. Studies concluded that it can help them to develop gross and fine
motor skills, intellectual abilities and so on.
In which, the Implementing Delivering Choosing Health, is termed to be development as
well as application of an Obesity Strategy. Prevention of Obesity, a known risk associated factors
for Diabetes and also cardiovascular diseases (CHD), are significant areas of working for several
National Services Frameworks, that can also include the Children, Young People and also,
Maternity Services NSF, the Diabetes NSF as well as CHD NSF. The obesity is interlinked risk
factors in which diabetes, which one of most common prevailing disease that can be more
hazardous similar to obesity. Others frameworks also highly ism on the control and prevention of

prevalence of such diseases. Addition to this, reports also include that Westminster PCT and City
Council are also already working on healthy eating and exposure of physical activities of people
in the adjoin Health Promotion Strategy for Westminster for the time of 2006 to 2021
(Salvestrini, Sell, and Lorenzini, 2019) In this strategy the considered guidelines are determined
by having more and more self-control and also the learning self-management has been
demonstrated to each individuals. It can promote a better understanding in terms of how an
individual should manage their health needs in a appropriate manner, that can lead them to have
risk free and can improve quality of life.
Issues which needs to be address Effective Strategies
Healthy lifestyles
Levels of obesity and its associated disease
 Providing leadership qualities in order
to assist to stop smoking practices and
consumption of alcohol.
 Exposure of majority of healthy food
varieties in the diet of individuals.
 Encouraging all individuals to drink
sensibly, and also can allow non-
alcohol depending varieties
 Facilitating physical activities, can able
to develop active commuting within
population.
 Develop further fascinating and safe
activisms such as walking and cycling
programmes that can help each
individual to address their health issues
and each individuals should participate
in the campaign.
 Increase participation of individuals in
physical activities within schools and
should improve the use of facilities and
should be open environment can be

Self-management
Childhood Obesity
considered for the exposure of physical
activities.
 The strategies of self management are
embedded with long term commitment
as it can provided by promotion of
resources in order to help individuals to
mange their long term conditions.
 The learning is provided to individuals
that are in context of gaining their
healthy dietary pattern and also
managing physical activities, that can
help person to manage their self
requirements.
 Promotion of living a healthy lifestyles
and habituates such as reading books,
watching informational DVDs,
targetting the prevention of mental
health conditions, maintaining healthy
diet, resource of physical activities,
smoking and also alcohol cessations
example Walk in Westminster.
 Childhood obesity that can maintain by
providing ample of opportunities of
physical activities.
 Lowering of screen play of children and
control on the exposure of easy access
of junk foods.

 Learning should be provided to them
manage their lifestyle choices and will
be able to develop their mental and
physical health.
The considered stargates are meant to be taken to improve the well-being of individuals
that can help to have sustainable wellness and can help to improve their health factors.
Individuals can face number of complications due to health inequalities (Wang and et. al., 2019).
Health inequalities can cause major differences within the society that can be challenging for
individuals to overcome. By the help of these strategies, one can help them to improve their
health and can promote positive influence in their health factors. These considered interventions
in Westminster are termed to be effective for individuals which can promote a better growth and
development. It can help them improve their quality and standard of life.
CONCLUSION
Overall, it has been concluded unhealthy lifestyle of people within area, can be called as
health inequalities. In Westminster, there are several actors which has been considered as factors
that affect health of individuals, can lead an individual to deal with harmful diseases in which
obesity is most common. Obesity is considered as overweight problem hat can lead an individual
to deal with death taking results. Health inequalities can be considered as lifestyles choices like
smoking practices, consumption of alcohol, eating junk food, physical inactivities and others.
These habitats of individuals can highly contributes to induce risk factors of health. Obesity is
also associated with diseases such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes type 1 and type 2, mental
distress such as depression, anxiety and other. In order to minimize these factors, there are
several strategies that has been considered, which have high motive to improve health factors of
each individual in Westminster. The strategies that are determined as exposure of physical
activities such as cycling, aerobics exercises, controlling consumption of junk food, eliminating
smoking practices and alcohols from individual's lifestyles as well as core learning self

management and others, highly aims on the prevention and management of well-being of an
individual.

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