Health Inequality in New Zealand
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Added on 2020-03-28
Health Inequality in New Zealand
Added on 2020-03-28
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0Running head: HEALTH INEQUALITY IN NEW ZEALANDHealth Inequality in New ZealandName of the StudentName of the UniversityAuthor’s note
1HEALTH INEQUALITY IN NEW ZEALANDTable of ContentsPart One......................................................................................................................................1Health Inequalities that Exist in New Zealand.......................................................................2Principal Health Determinants...............................................................................................2Social Determinants...........................................................................................................2Economical Determinants......................................................................................................3Cultural Determinants............................................................................................................3Historical Determinants.........................................................................................................4Impact of Ethnic Identity.......................................................................................................4Māori..................................................................................................................................4Pacific.....................................................................................................................................5Asian..................................................................................................................................5Healthcare Services Required by These Populations.............................................................5Conclusion..............................................................................................................................7Part Two.....................................................................................................................................8Introduction............................................................................................................................9Te Tiriti o Waitangi................................................................................................................9Maori health Model (Hauora)................................................................................................9Taha tinana(physical health)...........................................................................................10Taha wairua(spiritual health)..........................................................................................11
2HEALTH INEQUALITY IN NEW ZEALANDTaha whānau(family health)...........................................................................................11Taha hinengaro(mental health).......................................................................................12Applications of the principles of the of te Tiriti o Waitangi to health promotion strategiesin NZ....................................................................................................................................12Relation to three articles of te Tiriti in health promotion of the Maori................................13Article One: Kawanatanga – Governance........................................................................13Article Two: Tino Rangatiratanga – Mäori control and self determination.....................14Ko te Tuatoru – Article Three – Oritetanga.....................................................................14Conclusion............................................................................................................................14References................................................................................................................................15
3HEALTH INEQUALITY IN NEW ZEALANDPart OneEnvironmental and sociological impacts on health outcomes for the Aotearoa New Zealandpopulation
4HEALTH INEQUALITY IN NEW ZEALANDHealth Inequalities that Exist in New ZealandIn New Zealand, the term ‘inequalities in health’ denotes connotations of sociallygenerated disparities, which are unfair. The inequalities in health are mostly reflected viaethnic inequalities. However, recent polls in New Zealand suggest that imbalance betweenwealth or a huge financial gap between the rich and the poor are increasing the concern ofhealth inequality (Rashbrooke,2013). The gap between the life expectancy as comparedbetween the most affluent and deprive population in New Zealand is 7 years for females and9 years for male(Mitrou et al., 2014). The three major ethnic groups in New Zealand exhibitsocio-economic gradient in health. This gradient is steep of Māori and European ethniccategories and shallow for Asian and Pacific peoples (Tobias &Yeh, 2006). Apart fromsocio economic gradient other factors contributing towards inequitable access to health arecultural gap, historical background. This health inequality leads to the generation of fiscalcosts thereby increasing crime and health expenditure. Thus, inequality in health must beaddressed urgently for numerous reasons. Equality in health helps to create a fair societywhere the residing individuals receive equal opportunity to spot specific domains, whichdemands improvements. Equality in health is also important for stable economic growth,social cohesion (Cabinet Social Development Committee, 2004a).Principal Health DeterminantsSocial DeterminantsSocially isolated people tend to have poor health condition that that of the people whohave a strong family, communal and cultural ties. There is high level of connectivity accessin New Zealand in terms of telephone and motor vehicles but poor or the indigenous peopleget limited access to the same, generating a dearth of social cohesion. Other features in NewZealand society that are responsible for the reduction of social connectedness are, frequent
5HEALTH INEQUALITY IN NEW ZEALANDchange of residence, unemployment, lack of proper education and single parents. The averagelength of stay in the secondary school of New Zealand is high. Moreover the majority of thePacific and Maori student are either school dropouts or lack basic education. These poorliteracy skills have widened the social barrier in health, generating inequality(Smith, 2012;Sheridan, Kenealy, Schmidt-Busby & Rea, 2015).Economical DeterminantsThe main factor of economic determinant is employment. Employment enhances thefinancial status, boosts the self-esteemand increases the quality of social life via promotingparticipation in the community life activity. In New Zealand, Māori and Pacific people havemuch higher rate of unemployment than that of the average general population. Thoughemployment is an important determinant for good health, some occupations are associatedwith certain health risk such as injury. Māori and Pacific people have low literacy level, theyfail to secure a job that demands intellect and land on to jobs which demands strenuousphysical activity, increasing the chances of health related complications. Moreover, due to thelack of proper financial support they fail in availing adequate health service, promoting healthinequality.Cultural DeterminantsCultural factors cast both negative and positive impact on health. In New Zealand,ethnicity is associated with socioeconomic status. It is however; still unclear regarding howcultural and ethnic factors contribute to the health inequalities in population. The Asianindigenous people who have immigrated to New Zealand from Afghanistan has strict culturalboundaries for the female members for their ladies. The male members forbid femalemembers to step outside the house and greet other unknown males of the society. The samecultural though is nurture when it comes to health and meeting up doctors and hence leadingto health inequality in spite of having proper access to health avenues. Moreover, Maori,
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