Global Public Health ASS007-2: Ecuador Case Study - Health Challenges

This case study provides an overview of the public health landscape in Ecuador, highlighting key health challenges such as communicable and non-communicable diseases, adolescent health issues, and unintentional injuries. It examines the structure and functionality of Ecuador's universal healthcare system, including its strengths and limitations in providing access to quality care. The report further assesses Ecuador's progress on health-related Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and suggests potential interventions to improve healthcare delivery, increase health insurance coverage, and promote preventative measures. The study emphasizes the importance of addressing health risk behaviors, providing comprehensive sexual and reproductive health services, and ensuring the availability of skilled healthcare practitioners to enhance the overall well-being of the Ecuadorian population.

Global and Public
Health

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................3
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................3
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................4

INTRODUCTION
Reports state that as in several of countries, Ecuador debits comprehensive national health
system.(Cando and et. al., 2018) The most common disease which were found to be in Ecuador
are Hepatitis A, Typhoid Fever and also Dengue Fever. Whereas the health insurance in Ecuador
is surprisingly inexpensive. In 2017, that been estimated by UNIEF, data represents that there
were 14% of morality rate observed, due to health concerning issues. It has been discovered that
whole advancements which has been provided to healthcare in Ecuador that has been improved
the overall well-being of country, as these advancements are still found to be in progress.
There are several organisation such as International Medical Aid has worked tirelessly on
introducing medical resources as well as services to Ecuador and also their citizens, which are
termed to reaching additionally 5% of the total population. (Nagoshiand et. al., 2019) These
advancements can be consider to be mobile healthcare facilities as well as outreach campaigns to
conquer improvement of health within Ecuador. This report observe the case study as observing
health affecting issues within Ecuador, in which it also underpins multiple health issues, a
communicable disease, a non-communicable disease and also a unintentional injury in Ecuador,
that are affecting population of a country Ecuador.
MAIN BODY
Studies estimated that adolescent can face multiple ill health and also mortality constitute
a public health challenge, in which this age group debits a merits for special attention within
health care sectors. (Cech and Alvarado,2017) As per the studies, it has been observed that the
health factor of adolescent females are associated with risk factors win regards with their sexual
and reproductive health abilities. (The health status of adolescents in Ecuador and the country’s
response to the need for differentiated healthcare for adolescents, 2017) These risk includes high
range of early childbearing, which are termed to be interlinked with increasing risk complications.
Individuals are also exposure of unsafe abortions, HIV infection as well as STIs, intimate spouse
violence and in some cases they are also encounters sexual violence.(Cando and et. al., 2018) In
which, individuals are found to little aware in regards with education of management of healthy
pattern. Studies also conclude that in order to address, these issues, the transition is required and
also understanding should be demonstrate to each individual that can help in prevention and this
prevention can help in providing safe environment and promotes healthy development of unborn

infants (The health status of adolescents in Ecuador and the country’s response to the need for
differentiated healthcare for adolescents, 2017).
There are multiple studies which conclude the country's individuals are also dealing risk
interlinked factors with mental illness, including depression anxieties and others. It has been
observed tat depression is correlated with number of risk factors such as problematic perception
of individual's bodies, traumatizing sexual experiences of an individuals as well. According to
reports, it has been observed that one of main challenge for young people within Ecuador, has
been considered to be access to health services as well as sexual and reproductive health (SRH) in
particular. (Chérrez-Ojeda, and et. al., 2019) As these considered barrier are able to operate on
both which work on the demand as well as on the supply sides as well. (The health status of
adolescents in Ecuador and the country’s response to the need for differentiated healthcare for
adolescents, 2017). It has been observed that mental distress influencing factors are work pressure
of an individual, unhealthy practices such as consumption of alcohol, smoking practices of
individuals, use of substance, unprotected sex which lead to individual to deal with diseases
which sexually transmitted in an individual. (The health status of adolescents in Ecuador and the
country’s response to the need for differentiated healthcare for adolescents, 2017)
Whereas, the supply side that can be considered such as cost, distance as well as
inconvenient opening hours of health care organisations as well.(Nagoshiand et. al., 2019) It has
been determined that in some cases there are also legislations which work as restrictions which
are against unmarried individuals in receiving certain health services as well as community
resistance in order to provide individual with SRH core understanding, information ans also
related healthcare services. Reports also confirmed that individual have judgemental attitudes and
also considered to be reluctant in order to provide individual SRH core prevention measures.
They can also find to have health care system which does not ensue the individual's privacy and
confidentiality as per their need. (The health status of adolescents in Ecuador and the country’s
response to the need for differentiated healthcare for adolescents, 2017) Whereas in relation to
demand side, patients may not be found to conscious in regards with their need also may debits a
sense of invulnerability which can also mean that do not require to seek health care services. Due
to lacking of resource individual encounter partial treatment and non-effective prescription which
is determined barrier in proving care intervention. (The health status of adolescents in Ecuador
and the country’s response to the need for differentiated healthcare for adolescents, 2017)

According to report of WHO, it has been determined that the communicable disease
which infect individuals are termed to be considered as 14,000 cases per annum.(COMMON
DISEASES IN ECUADOR: A REFLECTION OF SOCIOECONOMIC DISPARITY, 2017) The
hepatitis A as well as typhoid fever are determined as most general and common disease that are
able to transmitted through their medium i.e. food and water. Individual are observed to deal with
fragility and complaining in regards with their joint pain that are signs and symptoms of yellow
fever. Also in addition to this, it has been discovered that several of communicable diseases in
Ecuador are communicable disease. (Paniz-Mondolfi and et. al., 2019) The reports of WHO
reports are termed to 18 percent of all mortality rate are 81,000 in 2016 which are attained results
of communicable diseases and nutritional conditions as well. (COMMON DISEASES IN
ECUADOR: A REFLECTION OF SOCIOECONOMIC DISPARITY, 2017) These cases expand
due to environmental conditions, smoking habitats of individual and malnutrition. In which,
tuberculosis is one of the major and most common health concerning factors which has been
found in country Ecuador. It has been considered to be root cause problem of other diseases such
as asthma, problems in breathing and so on.
As per the report, the non communicable disease that has been determined in this
population are termed to be cancer, diabetes as well as cardiovascular diseases, which has been
negatively impacting on the health of number of individuals within Ecuador. (COMMON
DISEASES IN ECUADOR: A REFLECTION OF SOCIOECONOMIC DISPARITY, 2017) The
World Bank found to be the mortality rate per annum as 100,000 people from non-communicable
that has been increased an average of 1.5% each year since 1990. Studies found that the World
Health Organisation has reported that within 2016, there are cases in regards with cancer, diabetes
as well as cardiovascular disease accounted for 46% of overall mortality rate. (COMMON
DISEASES IN ECUADOR: A REFLECTION OF SOCIOECONOMIC DISPARITY, 2017). In
addition to this, it has been found that smoking as well as alcohol were most prevalent risk
factors, that are being in the issues with dietary issues that are caused due to consumption of high
intake of sodium as well as decrease amount of intake of whole grains, fruits, vegetables, nuts as
well as protein. (COMMON DISEASES IN ECUADOR: A REFLECTION OF
SOCIOECONOMIC DISPARITY, 2017). it has also been found that individuals have little
awareness in respect of consumption of other liquid contents that are essential for their living as
well. According to the report, it has been reported that rate of accident within the country

Ecuador accident rate of 34% annually. (COMMON DISEASES IN ECUADOR: A REFLECTION
OF SOCIOECONOMIC DISPARITY, 2017).
In which, there were around 12 individuals were killed, in which it included at least six
minors. It has been acknowledged that the data estimated that there are less awareness in regards
with road injuries has been determined in an individuals, which promote several possibilities of
risk factors in regards with road accident. The health system of Ecuador defines as universal
heath care system. (health system of Ecuador, 2021) As it has been funded by the several
government, which can also help in providing treatments intervention and diagnosis techniques,
which can help in prevention of illness and infections. In many region of Ecuador, it has been
found that the treatment of illness and infection are provided to individual on free of cost and
each individual are also free to visit to GP at any time. (health system of Ecuador, 2021)
There can be number of goals that can be determined in the case of Ecuador, that can help
in providing ample of intervention in the health improvement. It can consist various areas that can
be undertaken that are medical evacuation, repatriation, translation, domiciliary hospitalization as
well as the critical care. (health system of Ecuador, 2021) There should be raise in health
insurance that can also help in facilitation other factors in the improvement as well as recovery in
an individual's physical, mental as well as social health of patients as well. As per the studies, the
change ion the healthcare organisation can be termed as change can be supported through several
ways in health care organization (Ramírez-Luzuriaga and et. al., 2020)
Studies concluded that two effective approaches that can be considered are “expect and
accept the change” and “being transparent, timely and frequent with communication approach”
are individuals that should be followed through all stakeholders in order to support
organizational change, and also as it has been determined that there is less awareness, in regards
with health risk associated behaviors and pattern. (health system of Ecuador, 2021) In order to
provide a vulnerable understanding of disease and also its measures that can helpful in prevention
strategy as well as medical insurance policy as well. The interventions should also be there that
can able to reflect individual's needs for confidentiality as well as privacy. Studies conclude that it
can be done with strategy for family planning. (The health status of adolescents in Ecuador and
the country’s response in order to the need for differentiated healthcare for adolescents, 2017)
As it has been also determined that health factors can be maintain by the presence of skills
and knowledge of practitioners in regards it proving effervesce treatment ton individuals. The rely

diagnosis can represent treatment plans and diagnosis plans that can facilitate other individuals to
attain effective care and services with healthcare practitioners. It has been determined that
motivation and encourager shroud be provided to individuals who are suffering from mental
distress.(Toledo and et. al., 2017)
CONCLUSION
Overall, it has been concluded that there are several issues from which population of
Ecuador are dealing with. It has been observed that adolescents may require access to attain
quality of individual's friendly services by healthcare sectors who are determined to trained to0
work along with this population. In which, the service providers should be professionally trained
and skilled, so that they can be able to provide quality of services, core knowledge and awareness
in regards diseases and also will able to understand the needs of youth and adolescents, and
should know how to make therapeutic relationship with individuals of each group population,
they also know how to provide services within supportive as well as effective threatening ways.
Also, there are ongoing training as well as support which are determined and essential for
individuals that can promote to have wellness in their health factors. In spite of increase
investment and also overall improvement within health care sectors in Ecuador, there are
determined requirements which are set up efforts in order to provide effective care to each
individuals within country. In which, barriers t(health system of Ecuador, 2021) that can affect
the access to as well as use of SRH services and also contraception.

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Cando, L.J.R., Mátyás, B. and Lozano-Haro, Z.J., 2018. populations of Ecuador [version 1;
referees: 1 approved.
Cech, D.J. and Alvarado, Z.J., 2017. Collaborating with Communities and Higher education to
address the Health-care needs of individuals with disabilities in ecuador. Frontiers in public
health, 5, p.91.
Díaz Armas, M.T., Gómez Leyva, B., Robalino Valdivieso, M.P. and Lucero Proaño, S.A., 2018.
Comportamiento epidemiológico en pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica terminal en
Ecuador. Correo Científico Médico, 22(2), pp.312-324.
Chérrez-Ojeda, I., Vanegas, E., Felix, M., Mata, V.L., Gavilanes, A.W. and Chedraui, P., 2019.
Use and preferences of information and communication technologies in patients with
hypertension: a cross-sectional study in Ecuador. Journal of multidisciplinary healthcare, 12,
p.583.
Garzon-Chavez, D., Zurita, J., Mora-Pinargote, C., Franco-Sotomayor, G., Leon-Benitez, M.,
Granda-Pardo, J.C., Trueba, G., Garcia-Bereguiain, M.A. and de Waard, J.H., 2019. Prevalence,
drug resistance, and genotypic diversity of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Beijing Family in
Ecuador. Microbial Drug Resistance, 25(6), pp.931-937.
Nagoshi, R.N., Nagoshi, B.Y., Cañarte, E., Navarrete, B., Solórzano, R. and Garcés-Carrera, S.,
2019. Genetic characterization of fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) in Ecuador and
comparisons with regional populations identify likely migratory relationships. Plos One, 14(9),
p.e0222332.
Paniz-Mondolfi, A.E., Tami, A., Grillet, M.E., Márquez, M., Hernández-Villena, J., Escalona-
Rodríguez, M.A., Blohm, G.M., Mejías, I., Urbina-Medina, H., Rísquez, A. and Castro, J., 2019.
Resurgence of vaccine-preventable diseases in Venezuela as a regional public health threat in the
Americas. Emerging infectious diseases, 25(4), p.625.
Ramírez-Luzuriaga, M.J., Belmont, P., Waters, W.F. and Freire, W.B., 2020. Malnutrition
inequalities in Ecuador: differences by wealth, education level and ethnicity. Public health
nutrition, 23(S1), pp.s59-s67.

Toledo, Z., Simaluiza, R.J., Astudillo, X. and Fernández, H., 2017. Occurrence and antimicrobial
susceptibility of thermophilic Campylobacter species isolated from healthy children attending
municipal care centers in Southern Ecuador. Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São
Paulo, 59.
(Cando and et. al., 2018) (Cech and Alvarado,2017) (Díaz and et. al., 2018) (Chérrez-Ojeda, and
et. al., 2019) (Garzon-Chavez and et. al., 2019) (Nagoshiand et. al., 2019) (Paniz-Mondolfi and
et. al., 2019) (Ramírez-Luzuriaga and et. al., 2020) (Toledo and et. al., 2017)

Online Sources
The health status of adolescents in Ecuador and the country’s response to the need for
differentiated healthcare for adolescents, 20172017 [Online]
Available Online: <https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5331697/>
COMMON DISEASES IN ECUADOR: A REFLECTION OF SOCIOECONOMIC
DISPARITY, 2017 [Online]
Available Online: <https://borgenproject.org/common-diseases-in-ecuador/>
health system of Ecuador, 2021
<https://www.insubuy.com/ecuador-expatriate-health-insurance/>
(health system of Ecuador, 2021)