Parkinson's Disease and its Impact

This assignment delves into the case of Charles, a patient diagnosed with Parkinson's Disease. It details his daily struggles with uncontrolled movements, the impact of medication, and the required assistance for daily living activities. The case focuses on his hospital stay for specialized nursing care and the successful management of his condition during that period.

Health of older adults

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
Primary admission diagnosis...........................................................................................................3
Nursing management ......................................................................................................................4
Discharge planning .........................................................................................................................6
Summary..........................................................................................................................................7
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................8

INTRODUCTION
This complete report is based on the case study of older person name Mr Charles
Williamson, whose age is 76 years .He has been admitted in the health and social care institution
for special care. When Mr. Charles Williamson, get check by medical professional, it has been
found that he is suffering from serious disease name as Parkinson’s disease. Being suffering
from the disease , Charles is active but due to illness he appears to be slightly anxious with a
noticeable tremor in his upper limbs. The other difficulties which are faced by Mr. Charles due to
disease is he feels difficulty in moving as well as making balance. Mr. Charles face challenging
performing routine activities. These all factors indicates that patient requires special care and
appropriate treatment.
The purpose of the report is to identify the primary diagnosis of patient. It also has focus
on recognising the several problems faced by nurses or medical staff when diagnosing the
patients. Assignment will also include the explanation about the role of nurses related to
medication management for this client and also analysing the root cause of problems.
Primary admission diagnosis
Mr Charles Williamson, a 76 year old man, has been admitted in hospital for getting the
respite care. The patient was facing difficulty in breathing and performing routine work. It has
been identified from the given case scenario that Charles will be admitted to the ward for 5 days
and will require specific nursing interventions to successfully manage his respite care .
Parkinson’s disease is a kind of long term neurodegenerative disorder that have impact on the
predominately dopamine-producing neurons in a specific arena of the brain called substantial
Niagara. This is slow growing but harmful disease and have worse symptoms which might lead
to the death of patient. Some of the symptoms of Parkinson’s disease are rigidity of muscles,
changes in voice, tremors etc. Once the disease is diagnosed, patient can get some temporally
relief from the symptoms after the treatment, but there is no appropriate cure for this specific
disease (Del Din, Galna and Rochester, 2017)
The characteristics of Parkinson’s disease are cell death in the brain's basal ganglia. The
objective of medical staff in a hospital is to provide the suitable care as well as treatment to Mr.
Charles Williamson. Nurses as well as other medical staff in health care institution intends to
support patient on getting temporary relief from the symptoms and reducing the negative effects
on the patient health. It is required by the medical staff or professional to conduct physical

health of patients thoroughly and obtain all the essential information about the medical history.
As this activity will assist medical staff in identifying the appropriate treatment or medication for
patients .It will also enable them to deliver suitable care or services to Mr. Charles Williamson.
In the given case study , it has been identified that Mr. Charles Williamson. Is suffering from this
deadly disease due to the genetic factors. These variables implicated in familial Parkinson's
disease. As Mr. Charles Williamson mothers had also died because of pneumonia disease.
When Charles Williamson were first diagnosed He was given with the special medication or
treatment Sinemet CR which has help him in managing as well as reducing the symptoms of
disease. This disease increases with age. Other root causes of this disease are usage of illicit
drugs , infections, trauma, tumour and stroke. The procedure of Parkinson’s disease includes
degeneration of dopamine which produce neurons in substantival in the brain. Beginning stage of
this disease might include gentle tremor, slight limp. Later stages might have propulsive gait
with arms faxed , loss of postal reflexes etc. (Arie,Herman and Hausdorff, 2017)
Nursing management
The role of nurses is that they are required to be ensured that medical staff are aware
about the administration of drugs and confirming that they are giving appropriate treatment to
patients. Other duties of nurses are to identify the drug from the medical professional and in case
of the doubt it is required to be clarified. Nurses are also accountable for checking the drugs.
Function of nurses is to provide timely medication to patient and also deliver other suitable
services. It is the duty of nurses check if patient have any allergies, adverse drug reactions etc.
The important function or role of nurse is to take the responsibility of medication management.
Registered nurses are also responsible for maintaining professional standards in relation to safe
Patient Centred Medication (Danilovich,Eisenstein and Hughes, 2017)
The nurses might face difficulty when assessing the patient suffering from this disease.
As these patient have high level of anxiety,apathy , Fatigue and pain.
PROBLEM 1: High level of anxiety, Apathy in patient creates problems for nurses in
assessing , intervention and providing medication to patients.
Non motor manifestations of Parkinson’s disease contribute importantly to morbidity and
may be worsen throughout the hospital admission. Non motor symptoms affect up to approx. 89
percent of patients with Parkinson’s disease. Despite its frequent occurrence, non motor
manifestations are frequently under-reported by patients and under diagnosed by medical

professional. Nurses or other medical staff in hospitals has to be very much care full as well as
conscious when dealing with the patient suffering from this deadly disease. As little mistake or
uncomfortable can lead to the high level of anxiety to patient which further might have negative
effect on their health.
When assessing the patient with bladder dysfunction , it is required by medical staff or
nurses in hospital to consider the impact of medication on the health of patient. As wrong
medication in elderly people might give rise to poly pharmacy, which may interact with both
medication for Parkinson’s disease and may lead to the bladder disturbance. The other problems
might be faced by nurses in health care institution due to complicated and strict drugs' regime
(Schlenstedt, Mancini and Peterson, 2017)
Assessment
An assessment of nursing dealing with patient suffering from Parkinson’s disease require
involving all the routine activities. A continence problem is not considered as a nursing
problem, as well as participation of the interdisciplinary team might affect the best possible
outcome to improve quality of life.
Intervention
It is required by nurses to support patient in performing the routine function. In given
case study shows that Mr. Charles Williamson is more concerned about taking medication on
time. In case of delay in medication , patient might feel unconscious , or might high level of
anxiety or stress. Nurses should provide timely medication to Mr. Charles Williamson. A routine
urine test will be able to identify nitrites and leucocytes in the urine. A positive urine test is
indicative of a urinary tract infection and a urine sample should be sent for culture (Haywood,
Foley and Talarico, 2018)
Problem 2 : The another issue is related to the Mobility or movement of body
It has been identified from the given case study that Mr. Charles Williamson difficulty
in moving body due to Parkinson’s disease. Nurses might face difficulty in analysing the
problem faced by patient and may face problem in delivering suitable care to patients.
Assessment
Mobility in Parkinson’s disease is affected by bradykinesia, gait initiation difficulties,
‘freezing’ and postural reflex changes. When assessing a patient with bladder disturbances the
following things are required to be considered such as ability of patient to the toilet

independently , ability to perform routine activities,Has he or she seen a physiotherapist
experienced in Parkinsonism for assessment of movement strategy education , an individual
potential to gain benefit from visual, auditory or verbal cues to help overcome gait difficulties. It
has been identified from the assessment that Mr. Charles Williamson also have the problem
related to the Constipation. This problem generally occur due to reduced mobility and
medication (Northwood, Ploeg, Markle‐Reid and Sherifali, 2018)
Intervention
It is required by the medical staff to engage patient family in the treatment procedures. As
this strategy will assist medical staff in getting the essential information about patients. Nurses
should develop the understanding about the symptoms of . As it will support nurses in
eliminating the barriers. It is required by medical professional in a hospital to analysis the
medical history of patients, as this activity will assist medical professional in providing suitable
care as well as appropriate treatment to patient. The appropriate intervention to this type of
problem is that patient should be given with several physical therapies and should be provided
with suggestion of regular exercises. As this activity will assist patient in improving their body
movements. The Polyethylene glycol is medication suggested to the patient Parkinson’s disease
for constipation (Hazamy, Altmann and Hass, 2017) Another drugs which are prescribed to
Parkinson’s disease are :
Sildenafil citrate: For erectile dysfunction
Methylphenidate: For fatigue (potential for abuse and addiction)
Modafinil: For excessive daytime somnolence.
Discharge planning
Discharge planning is defined as an knowledge base approach to continuity of care and a
procedure which includes identification, assessment, setting of objectives, development as well
as execution of plans , coordination, and evaluation. It has been identified that an effective
discharge planning supports the continuity of health care. Discharge planning can be categorise
in two form that is formal and informal. Effectiveness as well as formal discharge planning can
be judged on the basis of satisfaction gained by patient or their family members.The major
problems faced by the medical professional or staff related to the discharging the patient is
deliberate choices made by informed and capable patients regarding their care, individual patient

variables may also influence home-based outcomes in ways that are different from those patients
who are hospitalized. In addition to this self-care, some home-bound patients receive help from
family members or other informal caregivers. Professional clinicians have no authority over
these caregivers. Home environment and the intermittent nature of professional home health care
services may limit the medical professional ability to observe the quality of care that informal
caregivers are delivering to patients. The goals and multidisciplinary nature of home health care
services present challenges to quality measurement that differ from those found in a more
traditional hospital setting. Intervention to promote safety of patient, it is required by medical
staff to understand that patients will sometimes choose to act in ways that are inconsistent with
the relevant evidence.
Before making the discharge plans for the patient, it is required by medical staff or nurses
to determine the way certain interventions will be implemented.
The procedure of discharge planning include the following steps these are:
At the initial stage, it is required by nurses or medical staff in an organisation to identify
and asses the patient requiring assistance with planning for discharge. The next step include
collaborating with the patient, family, and health-care team to facilitate planning for discharge.
Third step involve recommending options for the continuing care of the patient and referring to
accommodations, programs, or services that meet the patient's needs and preferences (Gunaldo,
Tartavoulle and Mercante, 2017)
Summary
According the case of Mr Charles Williamson is 76 year old man it was condition
Parkinson’s Disease is loss of the brain cells is that affect of neurons in a specific area of the
brain. Is the mainly affects of the motor systems. Charles is alert that Parkinson's Disease and
being managed every 4 hours during the day. Charles is noticed that loss of muscle control and
his trembling of the limbs and walk to slowness but he is impaired balance. Its may to difficult
the walk, they speak in a hoarse its very difficult to talk. Charles blood pressure is normal but the
heart rate is the regular rhythm is 76. His difficulty balance to be unstable and its movement are
slow. Charles drink of water and he starts to cough problem. He is come on slowly over time and
his face not normal face is like a mask. Charles is taking about the Parkinson's Disease and the
start of medication and therapy starts 4 hours and the requiring assistance is daily living. Charles
says that the is little good time. Is the uncontrolled movements but the medication effect. Its

admitted in hospital to that ward for 5 days is specific nursing and care of the mange is
successfully.

REFERENCES
Books and Journal:
Northwood, M., Ploeg, J., Markle‐Reid, M. and Sherifali, D., 2018. Integrative review of the
social determinants of health in older adults with multimorbidity. Journal of advanced
nursing. 74(1). pp.45-60.
Haywood, N., Foley, and Talarico, R., 2018. Physical activity, sedentary time, sleep duration,
and self-rated health in older adults: A compositional analysis (Doctoral dissertation).
Danilovich, M.K., Eisenstein, A., and Hughes, S.L., 2017. The impact of Strong for Life on the
physical functioning and health of older adults receiving home and community-based
services. Aging and society: an interdisciplinary journal, 7(2). pp.1.
Arie, L., Herman, T., and Hausdorff, J.M., 2017. IS COGNITIVE DECLINE SIMILAR
AMONG PARKINSON’S DISEASE MOTOR SUB- TYPES? A PROSPECTIVE
STUDY. Innovation in Aging. 1. pp.1252-1252.
Del Din, S., Galna, B., and Rochester, L., 2017. Analysis of free-living gait in older adults with
and without Parkinson’s disease and with and without a history of falls: identifying
generic and disease specific characteristics. The Journals of Gerontology: Series A,
p.glx254.
Schlenstedt, C., Mancini, M., and Peterson, D., 2017. Anticipatory postural adjustment during
self-initiated, cued, and compensatory stepping in healthy older adults and patients
with Parkinson disease. Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation. 98(7).
pp.1316- 1324.
Hazamy, A.A., Altmann, L.J.,and Hass, C.J., 2017. Improved cognition while cycling in
Parkinson’s disease patients and healthy adults. Brain and cognition. 113. pp.23-31.
Gunaldo, T.P., Tartavoulle, T.M., and Mercante, D., 2017. Practicing Collaborative Skills
through an Interprofessional Interview with Individuals Diagnosed with Parkinson’s
Disease. Health and Interprofessional Practice, 3(2). pp.5.