Health Promotion: Resources and Analysis

This assignment focuses on analyzing various resources related to health promotion. It includes a list of academic publications covering topics like intervention mapping, faith-based cardiovascular health programs, research methods in health promotion, and the role of technology in promoting health. Students are expected to critically examine these resources and understand their contributions to the field of health promotion.

Health Promotion

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................3
1.1 Explain effects of socio-economic influence on health....................................................3
1.2 Assess the relevance of government sources for reporting inequality in health..............4
1.3 Barriers to accessing healthcare.......................................................................................6
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................7
2.1 Analyse link between government strategies and models of health promotion...............7
2.2 Role of professional for meet government targets for health promotion.........................8
2.3 Explain role of routines in promoting healthy living.......................................................8
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................9
3.1 Explain how health beliefs related to concept of health behaviour..................................9
3.2 discuss possible effect of desired conflicts in local sector on health promotion............11
3.3 Importance of relevant health related information to the public....................................12
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................13
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................14

INTRODUCTION
Health promotion is that process of enabling people for increasing controlling level and
motivate for improving their health. Such type of activity mainly focus on person behaviour
towards large range of environmental and social participation. In this report, it analyse the impact
on unborn child and discuss the possible barriers within the healthcare. This will help in examine
the link between authority strategy and model of health promotion. It can assist in describe the
major role of various professional in health and social care. The report is based on BUPA which
is healthcare company and it is situated in United Kingdom. It is private sector and they are not
doing work for gaining profit (Lewis, 2015). Along with this, main theory of health behaviour
and discuss the importance of information determine in the case study. There are various desired
conflicts between local sector and health promotion can be considered. Anti-smoking campaign
and employed parents in the tobacco industry.
TASK 1
1.1 Explain effects of socio-economic influence on health
According to the case scenario, study is conducted by National Network of Smoking
Prevention which found cigarette for serve as a method to low socio-economic status. There are
various factors which affect the education material and culture for analysing appropriate
segmentation. They mainly work in transportation, construction and manufacturing products in
proper manner. Along with this, the socio economic factors that significantly impact on the
common people life so these key factors are as under:
 Disposable income- As per the case scenario, it is clearly seen that the company will not
able for spending as the level to lower the income or revenue. It is considered that it is
one of the most effective socio economic factor which directly affect on health of
organization employees and other people (Eldredge and et. al., 2016). Along with this, all
major drinker are cause deep effect on health and try to provide proper solution to such
problem. On the other hand, shortage of disposable income will affect the health by this
lack of appropriate diet will lead towards serious health issues or problems for all nation
people.
 Unemployment- There are different people who are not employed and some are not able
to do work for earning maximum money. Due to unemployment, people face various

problems and issues which directly affect on their health. So BUPA company will help
those individual who are willing to do job for getting income.
 Life style- As per the given case study, young people consume cigarette without filter and
use recycle tobacco from butts and smoke within large group which can increase the
danger and harm of each cigarette that damage the health of an individual.
Some other factors that build habits for each person are known as their specific personality and
choice such as -
 Improper education and ineffective government champion do not helping to provide its
negative approach that mat affect individual's life (Lewis, 2015).
 Working environment and tired work schedule build habit to use cigarette for build
energy as addiction.
 Unsuccessful quitting attempt and causes by stress, friends and
family and environmental cues.
 Homelessness for adults are also build dependency toward smoke to survive their life for
a specific objectives.
In this generation cigarette smoking is populated as a trend in parties, family and friends
meet as well as to reduce stress for a specific reason. But in this process second hand cigarette
smoking is build disease for one who takes it and for others who survive in its smoke. A smoke
contains lots of chemicals, cadmium, cyanide, including benzene, lead, radioactive polonium,
ammonia, carbon monoxide, and nicotine. These chemicals are directly impact on individual's
health and cause many diseases. For this government and individual needs to understand its
effectiveness and some causes that negatively impact on their health and other's life as well.
1.2 Assess the relevance of government sources for reporting inequality in health
There are different government sources such as annual reports of National health
services, WHO reports, CQC report and NGO reports like Red Cross etc. that is highly beneficial
for assessing the present position of health for particular society team or groups (Yanek and et.
al., 2016). The authority report is reliable and major decision should be taken which is based on
such reports and other reporting agencies includes government and non government lead towards
providing reference point for comparative evaluation in proper manner. Government reports can
capable for providing various data or information regarding qualification level, gender
differentiation and level of income which spread disease and prevent from different harmful

diseases. Inequality in health will reported as geographical distribution within socio economic
groups. It is stated that most of the people mainly belong to lower level income that includes sub
urban and rural centres of the nation in the middle and upper level revenue. Such report is
identify the different facts and figures regarding inequalities within health and also gain facility
for increasing knowledge and skills (Eldredge and et. al., 2016). This can be found that some
resources has provide facility for identifying major issues and problems related to health
inequalities within the nation. It also assist in examining the lifestyle of the people and record
health details for specific classes. This case study analyse the impact of cigarette and tobacco on
human body. Along with this, it has been found that such government resources assist in
gathering most relevant factor which relates to inequalities within health and require to adopt
various measures. There are some sources are determine below that implement relevance of
government sources in reporting on inequalities in health -
Community Health Research Foundations and Agencies – These kind of firms helps
to analyse causes of different kind of disease that affected individual's life and their health issues.
These are foundation firms that are works to doing different kind of research on public sectors
and individuals. These kind of agencies are analyse past and present data that are based on
individuals personal experience and their present lifestyle. These kind of things helps to build
awareness between each and every one toward their health supplement and negative impact of
those factors on their health and care. It is essential require to take a part in those research to get
effective outcomes easily.
Public Health and Administration department under government – This is a
effective departed which is working under different kind of health and social care activities.
Through this division government initiate various plan and campaign that needs to be done
through. These kind of activities are always build specific reason to create new program for
individual who wants to take part in this and adopt different kind of knowledge easily. This
program is make to build relation with public figures to determine different kind of negative and
positive impact of these products on people health (Yanek and et. al., 2016). These kind of public
bodies are build to get effective information from above Community Health Research
Foundations and Agencies.
Public Hospitals and Medical Services – These kind of firms are established to build
record of medical term for individual person who affected through various diseases. These

medical centres are also keep records and data of health and safety products and its uses as well.
Through them government of a country can banned different kind of products that conclude
lowest quality and harm individuals health and their routine life (Salazar, Crosby and
DiClemente, 2015). Cigarette smoking also reduce live level of poor, homeless and labour
person who struggle different part of their life to struggling in health care issues. So for them
Public hospitals and medical services build opportunity to minimise their habits and build
effectiveness in their approaches.
1.3 Barriers to accessing healthcare
There are different type of barriers and conflicts which occurs within an organization for
accessing healthcare (Salazar, Crosby and DiClemente, 2015). They work for gaining maximum
profitability which required for live in the society. For analysing and examining the major
reasons and possible barriers they need to identify actual position of person in accessing in health
care. Education level- It can be observed that access of health care is necessary for an
individual to gain ability and knowledge for earning large amount of income and revenue
for surviving good life. This is stated that lack of knowledge is the major reason for
access in the health care services and facilities and also help in avoiding harmful and
dangerous disease. Social environment- It is essential for a person and society is to analyse the whole social
environment where they will live (Naidoo and Wills, 2016). It is important for
contributing for accessing in health care services and gain knowledge regarding various
activities which can be hamper the current status of health by using alcohol and major
other activities. It is clearly described that social environment will create major barriers
for access the health care facilities in better manner. There are around 700000 people
who are homeless within each night. The population of homeless individual is highly
represent by their mental illness due to huge amount of alcohol and drugs substance.
 Lifestyle- According to the observation, it has been being out that BUPA care home
promote their healthcare services among large number of customers. UK country has also
main reason for accessing in health care such as beliefs, values, individual attitudes and
regular activities that will affect on human health. Most of the young people do smoking

for their fun and does not know the bad impact of such materials and things on their
health. But they ignore all these things and do whatever they want to do in their life.
These kind of things build barriers in health supplement as well as build negativity in their
working lifestyle too. These factors are very important to provide exact information to its users
such as -
 Psychological barriers
 Cultural barriers
 Language barriers
 Rural areas limit education
All these factors are very important for a individual to understand andantes and
disadvantages of different elements as drugs, alcohol, cigarette smoking , tobacco and second
hand smoking negatively affecting on health of different person (Naidoo and Wills, 2016). These
kind of things build barrier in information process in rural areas where information, awareness
and education services are not available for all.
TASK 2
2.1 Analyse link between government strategies and models of health promotion
According to the research, the best way for people for quitting smoking through evidence
based smoking cessation technologies and program. These services includes prescription drugs,
nicotine counter, insurance programs and quit lines. Government made this smoking cessation
program where most of the smokers take part for quit their smoking habit. It will assist in
maintaining their health issues and problems which make them weak and unhealthy. As a
smoking cessation officer, there are different strategies and actions which have to be taken by
government authorities for reducing the smoking and protect from addiction of smoking. The
strategy which has been taken that are related to health models.
One of the strategy which can be identified is the legislation that are banned smoking in
public places. This rule and regulation has been developed whose main motive is to reducing
poor impact on others for smoking. The government adopt such strategies which are related to
health model that are described in four perspectives of health approaches such as traditional,
humanist, radical humanistic and radical structural perspectives. This strategies are related to
legislation which can be recognised as a radical structural perspectives which is one of the main

part of this model (Bert and et. al., 2014). By enhancing the awareness among individual about
major consequences of alcohol and drugs campaign stated and conducting the vaccination
programmes in UK nation. For example, there are various organization in which National
Institute of Clinical Excellence are develop major strategies for overcoming the addiction of
alcohol among young people that assist in promoting the advantages for good and effective
health to avoid the critical health problems and issues.
In addition to this, United kingdom government follow health promotional models to
acknowledge that health promotion is embedded in larger cultural and social practices should be
followed. By using such model, organization government can analyse the present and current
activities for promoting the business strategies such as campaign, offer services and personal
counselling for creating awareness (Baum, 2016).
According to the evaluation model and authority concept which carry out the healthcare
professional for working in upper level in the following legislative activities and convince health
techniques and methods. As per the given case study, this type of tool and activities determined
as Beattie model which is effective and its main aim is to protect society and individual. Along
with this, an organization need to promote various methods and techniques for creating health
awareness. Government using major three types of policies and strategies of authorities which is
required for people to gain proper understanding of health care and ignore these things. This
includes motivation, beliefs and change normative and protect the individual health.
There are some models which are described as under:
 Health and education model- It is that model where health and their promotion within
different people that are totally link with different education programmes and various
kinds of education among an individual.
 Medical model- This is that theory which will consist with all type of medical possibility
and their programs are outlined or derivable for different person. Medical program and its
model will doing work according to top priorities with the help of medical professional
within health promotion.
2.2 Role of professional for meet government targets for health promotion
As a professional, it is necessary for me to setting the health care which includes health
advisers, practice nurses, general practitioner, dentists, nutritionists, dietician and other experts
doctors in specific areas. When government has been taken this specific approach to prevent

smoking, target have to be set by them and as a professional, I am responsible for achieving
government made targets and objectives in proper manner. Smoking cessation area are also
responsible for practising the national smoke protection programme in the specific locality.
According to me, government made target has been fulfilled in specific manner. Also organise
and conduct health care campaign and make sure that all the rules and norms should be followed
and people are approaching from health care sessions. The health care adviser and doctors act as
resources people for smoking cessation that are properly organised and managed in this
community.
As per the case study, Tobacco uses among public became most significant challenge and
smoking rates is much higher in various social groups that includes lower income level. On the
other hand, smoking is one of the biggest cause which make inequality in death rates among rich
and poor people in the community. Standard routine for analysing health and mainly involve in
such elements that includes breakfast, positive behaviour, low level stress, sound sleep, wakeup
early and control over the emotions and feeling that affect on the health (Goetzel and et. al.,
2014).
There are various key roles of health care professional which link with organisational objectives
that are discussed as follows:
 As a Profession, I need to describing the areas which are deprived and have been
recovered.
 According to me, the main role and duty of employees could be identify data and
information according to access database which related to health promotion functions and
activities.
 The level where services or facilities need to be supply to their people which help in keep
safe and healthy living in whole society.
2.3 Explain role of routines in promoting healthy living
Promoting health living regard to smoking cessation that can help in healthy lifestyle and
support daily routine activities. For example, ways of food consumption, sleeping patterns,
working hours, methods of spending free time and other substance that can be use for some
routine activities which affect on individual health.
Consume time in eating- In free time, they should consume food, drink, etc. When
people eat lot of high caloric food and product items which are high in sugars and salts as regular

habit, the body store more fat beneath. The addicted people who are doing regular smoking so
they are eat more food for removing their habits.
Engaging in other activities- In evening, smokers need to engage with other activities
and functions in proper manner. Smoker can also engage themselves in other physical and social
activities that can be identified as another routine activity which promote healthy living. to
analyse positive and negative feeling of an individual for engaging within health promotion and
understand the company behaviour towards their specific health in appropriate manner.
Do exercise- In morning, they need to exercises for better health and away from
dangerous diseases. This will also assist in regulating blood circulation, reduce stored fat from
their body and also refresh the body which can reduces the risk of heart issues, blood pressure,
diabetes, etc.
When routine health activities are related to smoking cessation are described in this
study, smoking cessation can be help by the routine health functions or activities of individual
which can assist in promoting these in the specific community. All the above mentioned routine
activities are help in maintaining health of smokers and stay away from harmful diseases.
In health beliefs and values of an individual which is play an important role that directly
impact of culture and religious practices. It is mainly promoted by parents, teacher and friends.
Along with this, health promotion in past experience also considered as major key factor. As per
this behaviour of health theory understand the health belief model for analyse the human
behaviour that considered the below factors which required to communicate in proper manner.
Regular routine of a person has significantly impact on healthy surviving and it assist in deal
with stress and activities for meet the healthy and safe standard of living (Lupton, 2014). In
current time period an individual main role is critical for determined as stress and pressure of
work and also analyse the life style for reducing the healthy living standard of people. According
to the given case study, daily routine of an individual can major impact on current poor health
condition and use alcohol and sexual activities in early age which can lead towards stress and
depression and involve other issue that have lifelong impact. According to healthy routine factors
such as good habit, behaviour and concept of a person for performing regular tasks that are
beneficial for health. Standard routine for healthy and safe living.

 Subjective norms- In this, knowledge regarding actual standard which affect the
economical and social environmental factors that mainly derived with the help of families
values and media concepts.
 Perceived behavioural control- For making healthy beliefs and value of an individual
behaviour which is significantly impact on promoting major health and analyse regular
activities for maintaining the health (Malik, Blake and Suggs, 2014).
TASK 3
3.1 Explain how health beliefs related to concept of health behaviour
Health beliefs model explains about what are the changes occur in health and behaviour
of sick person as well as what impact happens on his/her psychology or mentality or thinking
during illness time period. Whereas, health behaviour theory explains what are the reasons
behind changes in behaviour of a ill people. Both health beliefs as well as health behaviour
theories are completely inter-related or inter-dependent on each other. As one theory determine
about what changes happen in health behaviour and other theory answer about why health
behaviour changes (Baum and Fisher, 2014).
Health beliefs model explains about what are the changes occur in health and behaviour
of sick person as well as what impact happens on his/her psychology or mentality or thinking
during illness time period. Whereas, health behaviour theory explains what are the reasons
behind changes in behaviour of a ill people. Both health beliefs as well as health behaviour
theories are completely inter-related as well as inter-dependent on each other. As one theory
determine about what changes happen in health behaviour and other theory answers about why
health behaviour changes occur.
Health belief model praise about changes happens in health problem, sick patient
perception, hurdles occur during treatment as well as problems faced for getting treatment, lack
of self confidence, etc. Whereas, health behaviour theory emphasise on factors or reasons which
leads to changes in health behaviour like environmental behaviour as well as personal changes
etc. Both models or theories majorly focus on promoting and improving health services
throughout nations among citizens.
Just like, a person with a disease of obesity, he or she feels uncomfortable because of
excess weight and some health related issued occur because of this disease. A obesity suffering

patient becomes highly de-motivated and loses their confidence as well as feel awkward in going
or participating any activity in public areas and this happens because of society as well as
workplace mentality and thinking. Which hugely impact negatively on patients environment and
mentality (Leichter, 2014). Society or working peoples don't treat them equally and they always
advising them or taunt them in a wrong manner about their obesity and its side effects. These
programmes emphasises on obesity patient about it's side effects in a motivational manner. These
initiatives also creates an environment in which all peoples treats equally and they feel
confidence that they are also a part of healthy society and family.
Stages of change model:
There are various stages which help in maintaining the behaviour and controlling major
factors that are as under: Pre contemplation- It is that stage where health behaviour includes such factors which
help in changing undertaken for reading, thinking and talking regarding higher risk
behaviour. Contemplation- In this stage, the change in behaviour can directly impact the people for
make changes in their behaviour in better manner (Clift and Page, 2015). Under this
stage, people are able for gain knowledge regarding advantages and disadvantages. Preparation- This is that stage where people intend for taking necessary actions in
immediate time period and it can be measured for changing the human behaviour and
create awareness about different issue relates to health in following direction of
counsellor.
 Action- This is required for an individual is to make proper actions and activities that
need to follow such actions in proper manner. For considering the perception of
professional health care and determine the acceptable actions for health behaviour that
should be improved.
According to the health behavioural theory, health belief model of evaluating human
behaviour that considered in the following factors for needed in the communication that are as
under:
 Attitude- This can refers with positive and negative feeling of an individual within
promoting health and also analyse behaviour of organisation towards their effective
health.

 Subjective norms- The specific knowledge about standardised which impact on social
and economical surroundings for major derived along with household values and concept
of media.
 Perceived behavioural control- For maintaining belief of health, the behaviour of an
individual as per the case study as importantly impact on health promotional activities
and regulate regular actions for maintain health.
3.2 discuss possible effect of desired conflicts in local sector on health promotion
It's good for society as well as nation that healthcare is now becoming major concerned
or topic among citizens of UK in a daily routine life. As nation grow towards adopting new
technologies and citizens are now more concerned about environmental issues as well as health
related problems which are spread in society with a very faster rate. Life style and eating habits
of peoples changes rapidly which impact negatively on people healthcare which causes major
diseases like obesity among youngsters, diabetes, depression and anxiety, undernourished and
heart disease (Huff, Kline and Peterson, 2014). So many studies have been done in past for
examine this tremendous healthcare problem in detailed. Government institutions, NGO's as well
as judicial authority wants complete ban on junk food company's, oily processes food stalls or
small stores. But company's stand their views in front of government as well as judicial authority
about employment which they provide for citizens of nations in a very large quantity as well as
their support towards economic growth of country by contributing financially towards country
GDP. So experts committee of government has suggest that certain harmful ingredients are
should be removed from the recipe which is followed by corporate company's. In addition to this,
they also recommend about new modification or changes required in packaging products which
are previously followed by big as well as small corporates. Thirdly, committee recommends
about training and learning sessions for small and medium stores or stalls about hygiene and
safety measures. In addition to this, they propose about displaying proper list of ingredients with
their nutritional values and composition on packets about products and services in a very
informative manner. Which helps citizens more aware about products and services (Haluza and
Jungwirth, 2015). As well as government agency regularly inspect business organisation for
maintaining checks and balances within business environment which is viable for both
government as corporate company's.

There are some other conflicts which may occurs with the local sector that are described as
follows:
 Need of funds availability- The health promotion campaign is essential which has to be
organised and also funds are not accessible with the relative agencies or authorities that
are conducting such campaign.
 Instability of governance and their people- In this, authorities is not stable within the
nation then this can be capable for enforcing different strategies or policies, laws,
legislations and rules of various individuals.
 Disinterest of the grouping- The people of such society are not interested for such kind of
activities and programmes that can be organised which are not participating in them.
3.3 Importance of relevant health related information to the public
Life style or living standard, eating habits as well as surrounding will impact either
positively or negatively on people health. Polluted environment, smoking or alcohol drinking
habits, oily or processes food eating habits, unhygienic environment, these all factors badly
affect on people health. If awareness programmes as well as detailed list of nutritional values and
its composition regarding products will be displayed on packet will be formulated and
implemented in a systematic and structured manner will might positively impact on health of
citizens of a nation.
If peoples are known about consequences as well as side effects of different products
which are easily available and affordable in market just like smoking products- cigarette, weed
or marijuana, hookah, Bongs etc., alcoholic drinks- whiskey, rum, etc., chewing items like- loose
leaf, pellets, plugs, etc., junk food, oily processed food and many more products like these
(Health promotion. 2017). Then people of country might not take these unhealthy products in
their daily routine life.
If government bodies or authorities as well as NGO's will advertise and share
informations about side effects of these previously discussed products through seminars,
workshops, culture programmes with each and every citizen of a nation. Then people will aware
about these unhealthy and unviable products and definitely they leave their bad habits which
directly impact on their healthcare as well as on their financial status.
Government should encourage peoples towards fitness and live in hygienic environment
through providing free yoga classes and workshops, by providing free gym equipments in public

parks, conducting seminars and workshops on benefits of yoga and gym, which leads motivates
peoples towards their health and this type of public information system is beneficiary for both
government as well as citizens of a nation.
If peoples are aware about side effects of junk food and oily processed food, which badly
impact on human health , which leads to cause obesity, diabetes, heart problems and many more.
Then peoples might not eat junk food or oily processed food in their daily routine life. They
prefer these junk food or oily food just for fun or entertainment or just for change in taste from
their normal routine life (Duckett and Willcox, 2015). Communication regarding health related
information plays vital role in enhancing and improving healthcare of citizens of a nation as well
as this kind of activity enhance motivation level of people towards hygiene and healthy food or
environment.
It is very important for spreading health related data and information to the large group of
people by using various sources such as seminars, pamphlets, TV shows, health programmes etc.
have large range of impact on health. So an individual should know about some issues or
problems in clean environment, they can catch with any infection easily, new diseases can
happen, symptoms are visible in certain diseases.
CONCLUSION
From the above mentioned report it can be analysed that Health promotion is that process
of enabling people for increasing controlling level and motivate for improving their health.
Along with this, the socio economic factors that significantly impact on the common people life.
Government reports can capable for providing various data or information regarding
qualification level, gender differentiation and level of income which spread disease and prevent
from different harmful diseases. Promotion of health is that procedure where people enable for
increasing their control for improving their health as per the proposed standard which assist in
maintaining the effectiveness. For health promotion and execution of strategies and analyse the
role of health professional which is critical and help in gaining the actual reaction and response
for targetting the groups for achieving desired goals and objectives in proper manner.

REFERENCES
Books and journals
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Online
Health promotion. 2017. [Online]. Available through:
<https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3326808/>.