The Harmful Impact of Tobacco and Smoking

This assignment delves into the harmful consequences of tobacco and smoking, drawing from credible sources such as 'Evaluation in a nutshell' by Bauman and Nutbeam, and 'Smartphones and health promotion' by Bert and Siliquini. It explores themes like psychological distress (Deasy & Mcnamara), workplace health promotion (Goetzel & Serxner; Kilpatrick & Venn), social media's role (Korda & Itani), youth drinking cultures (McCreanor & Hutton), and theoretical foundations of health education (Sharma). The assignment utilizes the stages of change model to structure its analysis.

HEALTH
PROMOTION

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK-1 ...........................................................................................................................................1
1.1 The effects of socio-economic influences on health ............................................................1
1.2 The relevance of government sources...................................................................................2
1.3 Barriers to access healthcare.................................................................................................3
TASK-2............................................................................................................................................4
2.1 The link between government strategies and smoking cessation program...........................4
2.2 The role of health professional in meeting the targets..........................................................5
2.3 Routines need to be carried out ............................................................................................6
TASK-3 ...........................................................................................................................................6
3.1 Health beliefs related to health behavior theories ................................................................6
3.2 Potential conflict with the local industry .............................................................................8
3.3 Proving health related information to public........................................................................9
TASK-4............................................................................................................................................9
4.1 The promotional campaign ..................................................................................................9
4.2 Health promotion strategies................................................................................................10
CONCLUSION .............................................................................................................................11
REFERENCES .............................................................................................................................12

INTRODUCTION
Health promotion will enable people to increase the control over their own health. In
order to protect the health and quality of life of an individual health promotion covers a wide
range of social and environmental interventions (Korda and Itani, 2013). Across all government
department health promotion need policy makers in order to make health a central line of
government policy. To make healthy choices people need to acquire knowledge, skills and
information. For an instance about the food that is being consumed by the people they ned to
make healthy choices. A key role is also being played by the cities in promoting good health.
In this report as per the give case study the effects of socio-economic influences on health
will be explained. This report will also discuss the reasons for barriers to access health care. The
routines that need to be followed by the smokers in order to give up smoking will also be
discussed in this report. Further more this report will also explain the health belief that is related
to the theories of health behaviour. This report will also plan a health promotional campaign on
smoking and pregnancy.
TASK-1
Case study – It is being shown in scenario that a study was done by national network of smoking
prevention and poverty and they found that in order to deal with boredom, to relieve stress and as
a companion to alcohol and caffeine cigarettes serves as a tool. It is also being shown that these
people do not relate smoking as a deadly illness or consider it as health risks. The homelessness
is one of the cause that makes people exceedingly susceptible to smoking
1.1 The effects of socio-economic influences on health
On the health of the community and that individual there is a great influence of social and
economic condition of a person. For an instance it is being shown in this case that since the
people are homeless so they are unemployed and do not have much income. This may lead to
stress which can be one of the cause while they are addicted to smoking. In order to cope with
the mental illness and high stress these people think that smoking is a way that can help them to
deal with it. When the people are not earlier exposed to the health promotion campaigns
especially in the deprived location then they lack the knowledge on the health related
information. By the social and economic condition the people will determine the kind of benefit
they may utilize for their health. The following are some factors-:
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Employment – The health promotions are taken seriously and actively by the people who are
educated (Lewis, 2015.). However on the other side the people who are less educated consider
these promotions as water of their time and also they do not want to waste their time with the
health queries.
Housing – The middle-class people comes in the category of people who have their own house
and also they can afford their own home and for their health and safety they will be concerned
and will make sure that healthy lifestyle is being adopted by them. However on the other side as
per the case it is being shown that people in that particular area are homeless and they do not
have their own home and such people are also not much concern about their health.
Education – If the people are well-educated then the appropriate decisions will be made by them
regarding their health. However, as per the case it is shown that these people are not so well-
educated and so the health promotions are not taken seriously buy them.
Income – As per the case it is shown that these people are homeless and do not have much
income so this may develop stress among them. So in order to deal with this stress the only hat
they consider which can help them is smoking.
1.2 The relevance of government sources
In order assess the level of health and planning activities government in each and every
country has been played an essential role. For the specific community the activities are being
planned by the government. In terms of organizing the campaign it is the government who make
the accurate decisions based on the requirement of the community for the health campaigns
(McCreanor and Hutton, 2013). There are various sources through which the information about
health inequality can be gathered. They are as follows-:
Community health research functional and agencies – The public research are being by these
foundations and agencies. On the various aspects of health and safety these agencies keep
comparing the data of the entire community.
Under the government the public health and administration department – It is a special division
of the department that is formed or develop under the government. In the community this
department determines the health and safety of the people.
Public hospital and medical services – A record is also being kept by these hospitals and medical
services centers. On the health and safety of individual these records are being kept by this
medical services.
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The survey of health and lifestyle -Through this survey all the information regarding the
lifestyle that is being adopted by the people and community can be received. Also, the way of
living of the individuals will also be determined by this survey.
Also in order to assess the current health status of this community groups and population
the government sources such as annual reports of national heath services, WHO report, and
reports of NGO like Red Cross etc can be beneficial. Based on this report the major decision can
be taken. When it comes to find out the number of percentage of people who are smokers and its
harmful impacts the reports of the government then would be useful to provide information about
the education level, age groups, income levels. And based on this the decisions will be made in
order to promote the health of these individuals (Neiger and Fagen, 2013.).
1.3 Barriers to access healthcare
As per the given scenario which is shown that due to low income, unemployment ,
housing etc people are think that smoking is the best way to cope up with it. Some factors that
affect the access of the information are as follows-:
Education level – It is essential that to have the access to the health care the individual need to
have proper knowledge and education about the harmful consequences of the intake of tobacco
and smoking. The lack of the information about the harmful effect of these substances on the
human body is one of the research for these people to aces the health care facilities.
Family factors – From the family of the people it is the support that is being given to the
government or health care foundation. In this case the proper support is not being give to the
government by the family of people in order to help hem to deal with the problem that they are
being facing.
Lifestyle – A major reason for accessing health care would be lifestyle of UK. The health is
being affected by the individual attitude, belief and daily activities. As per this case the lifestyle
of these people are not proper and also they do not have proper house to stay in. In order to
access the health and social care this kind of lifestyle and attitude can create a barrier.
Support and help by the community – In the community people are sometimes not aware about
the health promotion and information . The wrong information is being provided by them and
also the support is also given to the agencies in giving the accurate data (Sharma, 2016.).
Social factors - In order to access the health care service is the impact of social environment
plays an essential role for an individual or community. The knowledge and information about the
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intake of tobacco and smoking among this population can be accessed through these social
environment. The major barriers for these people in order to access the health care services can
be social environment in which these people are residing.
Heath care system and their support -As these people are living in remote ares where there is no
proper health care system that can be given information about health promotion. So, this can be
one of the barrier to access the health care information.
One of the fundamental rights if all the citizens of the country is to access the health care
in a uniform and equitable manner. In between the social groups and communities there are
about three inequalities that comes in the health care services. As there are many physical,
psychological and geographical barriers among different groups so these inequalities are cause.
The geographical location is the physical barriers of this population. In remote location the low
income group tend to live and in such areas it is not possible to provide them with proper
knowledge. The chances of getting higher paying employment is reduced by the lack of
education. As this population is not well-educated so it can be one of the barriers as information
to them cannot be provided (Goetzel and Serxner, 2014).
TASK-2
Case study – As per the given case it is been shown that in some social groups the smoking rates
are much higher. Due to this thy suffer lot of smoking related issue and death. Across the
England the government is committed to improve the public health. So, the plan will be made by
the government in order to reduce the intake of tobacco in England.
2.1 The link between government strategies and smoking cessation program
By the government and national health care organization health promotion is being
imposed to help the people to adopt healthy lifestyle. As per the case it is being shown that there
have being continuous rise in the intake of tobacco and smoking among people so in order to
raise awareness among people and help them to quit a tobacco plan is being made by the
program. This plan is very much similar to the smoking cessation plan. As in this plan the
awareness regarding the harmful effect of smoking on the health of individuals is being
presented and the ways are also presented by which the people can over come this. With this
tobacco control program the government will stop the promotion of tobacco that is being done on
the social media sites or in television. The cost of the tobacco will be increased by the
government so that the low income people cannot afford it and also the help to the people will
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also be given in order to quit tobacco. In order to help the people to give up smoking the social
barriers that is being faced by the people when they quit smoking will be considered and help
and guidance will be given to them so that they can get rid of this habit (Bauman and Nutbeam,
2013)..
The link between the government strategy and the smoking cessation program is that both
will try to stop people who smoke or in-take tobacco. The individual is made aware about the
harmful impact of tobacco and smoking on the human body and also the influence being made
by them to reduce the smoking uptake among the people. Also, the aim of this both plan that is
of government tobacco plans and smoking cessation strategy is to reduce the number of people
who intake of all these harmful things. The various attempts are being made by these both
program to help pole to live a healthy lifestyle. Both of these plans will help them in their health
promotion and regarding their health the correct and the right will be taught to them. So, in a way
for this population both these program are effective and this can help in their health promotion.
2.2 The role of health professional in meeting the targets
In this plan that is tobacco control plan which is an initiative that is taken by the
government in order to reduce the number of people who in-take tobacco. All the health related
professional will play an essential role in this health promotion campaign that is started by the
government. For an instance if the support of the doctors will be not be their then the harmful
impact of tobacco on the health of the individual will not be explained properly and also in case
of providing treatment to the people due to excessive intake of tobacco or other harmful
substance doctor play an essential role in this plan. Similarly, as per the case if the other medical
representatives will not come in front then it will not be possible for the doctors to give high-
level of performance. In the health professional adequate number and quality of staff makes a lot
of impact in the health and safety of the individuals (Flood and Falbe, 2015)..
As per this case smoking cessation advisory also will play an essential role in this plan.
As among the population there have being increase in the smoking habit and tobacco and this can
cause various issues such as early age cancer and other issues. So, in order to help the pole to
promote health and awareness about smoking and tobacco role of smoking cessation advisory
would be critical as per this case. The personal counseling will be provided about the impact and
long term consequences of smoking and tobacco. Such type of approach which is used by health
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care profession will help the people to get rid of this smoking at an early age and the promotion
of health befits will also be supported.
2.3 Routines need to be carried out
On the healthy living the daily routines of the individual will have a significant impact
and with the stress it will help to deal and also the various activities are also being conducted to
meet the healthy standard of living. In the current scenario for the individual the role of routine is
critical as the stress level is increasing and also the standard of living is increasing due to the
lifestyle adopted by them. On the current health of these people the daily routine have a major
impact. As the smoking and tobacco is being consumed by them in their daily routine. This can
be dangerous for their health and can lead to various health issues that may have a lifelong
impact. In order to live a healthy living standard routine need to be made such as waking up
early, breakfast, having a positive behavior, low stress, sound sleep and over the emotions there
need to have a control that affects the health.
As per the case that is being given the specific routine is not being followed by the people
that will aid them to maintain the healthy living. These people are addicted to smoking and
tobacco so they need to follow the routine in order to get rid of this habit. For the healthy living
this kind of routine that is followed by the people is not good and on the body of the individual it
can have a long term impact. As the chances of cancer and other health disease are high due to
intake of tobacco and smoking among people. Due to lack of education and income this type of
lifestyle is being adopted by them. On the healthy living the direct impact is there of the daily
routine of individuals. The routine such as more involvement in the work, less tress, healthy
lifestyle need to be followed by these people in order to cope wit their unhealthy habits. They
need to keep themselves engage in the work so that they do not have much time to consume
these things.
TASK-3
3.1 Health beliefs related to health behavior theories
On the culture and religious practice the health belief of individual will have a significant
influence. These cultural and religious practices are being promoted by the parents, teacher and
friends (Kilpatrick and Venn, 2014). The experiences are also considered as key elements for
the promotion of health. In order to understand the behavior of humans the health belief model
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consider the following factors. As per the case that is being given these factors can be as
follows-:
Attitude – Through the positive and negative behavior of the individual engaging in the
promotion of health towards their own health the attitude of the people can be defined.
Subjective norms- Through the belief of the family and media conceptions the knowledge about
the standard of social and economic environment are derived majorly.
Perceived behavioral control – There is a significant influence on the health promotion due to the
behavior of the people that is being given in this case and to maintain the health daily routines
need to be maintained.
It is being proposed that the flowing stages need to be considered by the people who after
being addicted to tobacco and smoking so that they can control and manage their behaviour. This
will also maintain their health behaviour. They are as follows-:
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Illustration 1: The stages of change model
(Sources:Change theory model , 2017)

Pre-contemplation – The element of unsuccessful attempts of change are included in this stage of
health behavior. The enthusiasm is not there among these people that lead them to unhealthy
behavior(Goetzel and Serxner, 2014)
Contemplation – Th influence among people is being made in order to make a change in their
behavior. Through this stage the people who are under smoking will gain the knowledge about
the pres and cons of smoking. In this the action to enhance the healthy behavior will be analyzed.
Preparation – In the immediate future the action will be taken by the people in this stage.
Through the change in the behaviors it is measures.
Action – The following action need to be required for the people to avoid the access use of
smoking and tobacco. The health behavior can be improved by undertaking the perception of
health care professional and considering the acceptable actions.
Replace – The making changes in the counseling is also being suggested by the change model if
the proposed plan is not working and affecting the behavior of the individual. The new
approaches will be identified on this stage for encouraging the health behavior.
Maintenance – In the lifestyle of individual this model will help to make the specific overt
modification. For future it will be beneficial for the individual to follow the guideline and
maintenance the standard of health behavior.
3.2 Potential conflict with the local industry
On the process of achieving the outcome there are various conflict that have a significant
impact for the promotion of health (Flood and Falbe, 2015). For an instance the stopping the
promotion of tobacco is creating the situation of conflict with the local tobacco industry. On the
health promotion activities the changes in the lifestyle and behavior of young generation will
also have a significant impact which is leading to the worst condition of health of people that is
shown in the case study. In accessing the health care services the significant impact is there of
social environment for an individual and community.
Lack of availability of funds- The health campaigns are sometimes essential to be organized but
in order to organize these campaigns the adequate funds are not available with the agencies or
the authorities of the government that are organizing these campaigns. In terms of overall
coordination of the team the campaign that is being launched need to be successful and also there
need to have proper support from the medical or health staff.
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Instability of the government – If the government is not stable in the country then in this case the
government will not be able to enforce the polices, legislation and rules on the various people
Interest is not there among population – For the kind of activities that is being launched if the
people are not interested then this campaign will not be attended by them.
The tobacco control plan will be successful if all the constraint are taken care and
attended on the priority. As per the constraints it will work and into the opportunities it will be
converted.
3.3 Proving health related information to public
The greater need is there to spread the awareness regarding the health related campaigns
and information. Due to lack of information and awareness more than half of the actions do not
take place(Deasy and Mcnamara, 2014).The information will be provided among the people if
the health and awareness campaigns will be organized. With these campaigns that is being
organized people will get to know about the action plan that they need to follow and upon on
their health and safety. It is very essential for the people to know about the consequences of
tobacco and smoking. So, in order to make the people ware about its harmful impact this tobacco
control plan is being organized. Through this the pole will get to know about the pres and cons of
consuming tobacco. In this program the health care professional and will give a personal
counseling to these people about the impact and long term of consequences of in taking tobacco
and smoking. This will help these people to overcome the use of tobacco and smoking more
easily and also the promotion of health benefits will be supported. For example through the black
report it can be identified that in the UK there have being improvement in the health condition
bit it is not equal in all the social classes. The most relevant aspects that are related to
inequalities in health are being collected by the government resources and the required measure
to mitigate them is also being adopted.
TASK-4
4.1 The promotional campaign
In order to help the people to reduce the intake of smoking health campaigns is being
planned (Bert and Siliquini, 2014).
 In this campaign an essential role being played by the medical representatives, nurse,
doctors and the rehabilitation center experts. In order to make this campaign a success an
essential role will be played by them
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 For the campaign to be organized there should be booking of the vet calendar and the
venue
 The brochure and the pamphlets also need to be developed in order to make the people
aware about this campaign
 The dates need to be convenient for the people who are hosting the campaigns
 The funds will also be allocated by this health campaigns and from the government or
other authorities it will also procure the requirements
4.2 Health promotion strategies
In the health promotion of a community health promotion campaign can help. In case of
health and safety of the people these campaigns will make people are about the pros and cons of
the situation. It is being make sure by these campaigns that legal regulations are being take care
of. On the regular intervals these campaigns need to be organized and implemented successfully.
Only if the activities are planned and developed then only health promotion strategies will be
helpful (Bauman and Nutbeam, 2013). The campaign that is being launched is to quit smoking
will help users to understand the side effects of smoking.
CONCLUSION
Thus summing up the above report it can be concluded that the lack of education ,
homelessness etc can be reason behind the intake of tobacco and smoking among people. The
government need to be take some initiative in order to promote health among individuals. The
tobacco health control program will help to raise awareness among the people about the harmful
impact of tobacco and smoking.
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REFERENCES
Books and journals
Bauman, A. and Nutbeam, D., 2013. Evaluation in a nutshell: a practical guide to the evaluation
of health promotion programs. McGraw Hill.
Bert, F. and Siliquini, R., 2014. Smartphones and health promotion: a review of the evidence.
Journal of medical systems, 38(1), p.9995.
Deasy, C. and Mcnamara, P.M., 2014. Psychological distress and lifestyle of students:
implications for health promotion. Health promotion international, 30(1), pp.77-87.
Flood, J. and Falbe, J., 2015. The collective impact model and its potential for health promotion:
overview and case study of a Healthy Retail Initiative in San Francisco. Health Education
& Behavior, 42(5), pp.654-668.
Goetzel, R.Z. and Serxner, S., 2014. Do workplace health promotion (wellness) programs work?.
Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 56(9), pp.927-934.
Kilpatrick, M. and Venn, A., 2014. Workplace health promotion: what public-sector employees
want, need, and are ready to change. Journal of occupational and environmental
medicine, 56(6), pp.645-651.
Korda, H. and Itani, Z., 2013. Harnessing social media for health promotion and behavior
change. Health promotion practice, 14(1), pp.15-23.
Lewis, S., 2015. Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches.
Health promotion practice, 16(4), pp.473-475.
McCreanor, T. and Hutton, F., 2013. Youth drinking cultures, social networking and alcohol
marketing: Implications for public health. Critical public health, 23(1), pp.110-120.
Neiger, B.L. and Fagen, M.C., 2013. Evaluating social media’s capacity to develop engaged
audiences in health promotion settings: use of Twitter metrics as a case study. Health
promotion practice, 14(2), pp.157-162.
Sharma, M., 2016. Theoretical foundations of health education and health promotion. Jones &
Bartlett Publishers.
Online
Change theory model . 2017. [Online] Available through:
<http://sphweb.bumc.bu.edu/otlt/MPH-Modules/SB/BehavioralChangeTheories/
BehavioralChangeTheories6.html>
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