Health Promotion and Policy: Hepatitis B and C in Children and Marginalized Population in India

Running Head: HEALTH PROMOTION AND POLICY
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HEALTH PROMOTION AND POLICY Q 1
Introduction
World Hepatitis Alliance is known as one of the most known international non-government
organization which is dedicated to advocating and raises awareness related to expanding of
hepatitis on the global level. At present this organization includes almost 249 members and is
spread in almost 84 countries all over the world. Growing number of hepatitis case on the global
platform has motivated this organization to work for improving health situation on the global
level. This organization came into existence when numbers of people who were suffering from
hepatitis started making people aware of this disease in 2006 (Ward, Averhoff and Koh, 2011).
This gave them an idea of starting an organization which will be dedicated towards this issue of
Hepatitis B and C. In 2007, this WHA was established to give this effort a correct direction in
order to improve the health situation of the individuals. This organization has one objective in
their mind which is to reduce the percentage of hepatitis without generating any earning through
their operations (Perz et al., 2008). WHA has organized a meeting at World Health Assembly on
the behalf of Brazil to discuss on spreading of Hepatitis disease. This discussion came into
positive end, when Egypt agreed to become volunteer for this program by agreeing to draft novel
resolution in 2013.
Hepatitis B and Cand C in children and marginalized population in India
From many years Hepatitis B and Cis considered as one of the common diseases on the global
level and according to the study it has been found that over 2 billion of the world populations are
being exposed by Hepatitis B and C virus, among which 350 million are very critical. Indian is
among one of the countries which are suffering from disease burden of around 50 million. As per
the study it has been found that Hepatitis B and Cis mostly found in tribal areas of India because
they follow intercaste marriage, traditional customs which are connected with the poor situation
linked with healthcare situations.
As per the study, it has been found that Hepatitis B and C have become chronic health disease in
India and is expanding predominantly in children's as well youths which are living remote areas
(Lahariya, Subramanya and Sosler, 2013). In addition, it has been explored that horizontal
transmission mode is not yet explored properly but it can be assumed that it mainly occurs due to
contact of skin or tissue membranes which when to tear which come in contact with any injury
(Gower et al., 2014). In addition to can be spread when an infected person shares their using
materials with another member of the family such as toothbrushes. It has been seen that patient
mostly comes in contact with this type of disease in their early age. As per the study, around 30%
of children who are in the age group of 2-5 years suffer from this hepatitis B, while in adults this
percentage is below 5%. Another concept behind spreading of this disease transmission from
parenteral end when they come in contact with the factors which promote this disease like
infected blood use, infected injection or some kind of occupational injuries which carrying some
health-related procedures. According to research, it has been seen that passing of disease
happens in three natural phases (Meena, Jindal and Hazarika, 2011). One is immunotolerant

HEALTH PROMOTION AND POLICY Q 2
which is linked with e+ve along with normal enzymes loaded with high DNA, another is immune
active which is linked with Hepatitis B and Ce antigen and another is HBe antibody linked with
the inactive carrier. It has been seen that risk factors are increasing day by day related to
Hepatitis B and Cin people living outside the city because they people are continuously in touch
with dirt and another infected environment which is full of diseases (Shyamala, 2014). It has
been observed that the percentage of Chronic liver disease related to HBV is more in India
especially in children and people living in remote areas (Mehta et al., 2013). As a result of this
patient has to go through liver plantation. But with the help of LT program India is trying to
bring a decrease in the percentage of Hepatitis B and C in children as well as in adults. In
addition, they have also discovered some procedure to fight with such kind of disease which is
being chronic in nature.
Occurrence of HBV is found to be more as compared to high-risk chronic kidney disease which
forced the patient to go for dialysis, haemophilia or in some cases where it is linked with cancer
go for chemotherapy. It has been found that almost two-thirds of load related to the disease is
linked with this Hapitias B in which main target is children because their immune system is not
stronger as compared to adult (Jain et al., 2013). But it has been found in adults also because
they are also under the influence of this disease. These diseases make use of viral loads which
transfer naturally within the contact group. While the government has introduced vaccination for
this disease in order to stop their expanding. At some point, government has been able to reduce
the percentage of HBV but it not able to finish this disease completely (Setia et al., 2013). In this
situation, people must be screened in proper context in order to offer prevention against this
chronic disease, especially in the case of pregnant women and people suffering from other
chronic diseases like HIV and cancer.