Health Promotion Approaches for Child Obesity by Nursing

This article discusses the prevalence of child obesity and its long-term health effects. It highlights the role of nurses in providing dietary advice and weight management programs to prevent child obesity. The article also outlines various health promotion programs and approaches that nurses can use to prevent child obesity. It further explains the health belief model and the stage of change model that can be used to conceptualize the process of behavior change.

Health promotion
approaches by Nursing
for child obesity
System
[Type the company name]
[Pick the date]

HEALTH APPROACHS TO CHILD OBESITY 1
Health promotion is a very common but important phrase in the form of culture of health. The
word “health promotion” describes the procedures of encourage crowd to care themselves to
improve health. Over the past 3 decades the prevalence of obese and weight problems has
increased drastically globally, an predicted 170 million kids (aged much less than 18 years) are
now predicted to be overweight. The very best prevalence of child obese is with large profits
countries, and, whilst taken as a group, low-earnings countries involve the bottom prevalence
rate (WHO 2012).
Child obesity is a substantial long-time period health trouble which is common amongst children
in across the globe. Being obese or overweight can make a contribution to leads diabetes in
childhood and increase the risk of cardiovascular disorder in adulthood. Nurses can assist parent
and kids their relative by way of offering dietary recommendation and, via weight management
programs, offer techniques for reducing caloric consumption and growing bodily interest.
Nurse’s moves need to constantly take an entire-own family approach on a daily routine for
overweight children to regulate their diet or bodily behavior if not managed by way of their
families. Practitioners must involve with all participants of the multifaceted group in directing
child overweight as it leads a prime health hazard with long-term morbidities (NCBI 2012). The
essay presented the health promotion programs and approaches by a nurse to children and to
their parents, friend, relatives to prevent child obesity and outlines the key pathway that
policymakers and experts, nurses can pursue to advance kids' wellbeing in the preschool years.
Child obesity
Child obesity becomes very usual with the contemporary existence of crowd. In these days,
existence is created greater convenient via generation and the accessibility of general
requirements. For instance, in preference to taking walks to the shop to buy matters, anyone can
simply call for shipping. Rather than of cooking food, it is easy to just purchase “rapid meals” or
warmness up immediately meals within the microwave oven. These life-style behaviors are
possibly to leads weight problems in people and Childs particularly, in the event that they do not
interact in physical outdoor activities. If not managed, it may even lead to increase weight. It is a
huge fitness hassle like heart disease and blockage, not only of the person however for families
and society in standard (Gavin 2018).
Childhood weight is a lead the way in the most genuine general health difficulties of this century.
The issue is globally and is relentlessly affect some low-and center pay nations. The

HEALTH APPROACHS TO CHILD OBESITY 2
pervasiveness has enlarged at a disturbing rate. In 2016 the volume of overweight kids younger
than five, is assessed to be more than 41 million. Practically 50% of every single overweight kid
under 5 lived in Asia and one third lived in Africa (world health organization 2016). More than
340 million children and youngsters aged 5 to19 had been obese in 2016 (WHO 2018). This
issue considered the 5th main cause of loss of life across the globe as greater than 2.8 million
deaths pa result from this problem (WHO, 2011). It has additionally been pronounced that
greater than 23 percent of is heart problems, 44 percent of diabetes and seven percent to 41
percent of most cancers burdens are caused or divested through obesity (WHO 2016). A study
into the reasons and incidence of obesity in kids has been taking area for decades. There are
numerous elements like lack of exercise and dietary choices which could cause obesity in
children and must be taken into consideration and understood before a powerful method can be
applied to address the trouble (NT clinical 2012).
Hence there are many health prevention programmes for prevention of obesity should be put in
place, but the important part is to survey how successfully the messages effected and how
professional address to their clients and intended interest group (centers for disease control and
prevention 2015). Effectiveness of child overweight prevention applications can be accessed via
assessed all interventional research which aimed to enhance eating regimen, physical activities
and that have been performed in faculties, homes, number one care clinics, childcare settings, the
network, or combos of these settings in excessive-profits countries (NCBI 2013).
There is also some school based interventions conducted in schools to tackle child obesity (NCBI
2018), like nutrition education in which nurses and professionals educate the child and aware
them from disease and also includes physical activities a decrement of sedentary behavior, the
provision of curricular material (Romar 2018), training of the teacher and the modification in
diet, which physical activities conducted by nurses and the quality meal to avoid obesity provide
by professional.
The World health organization (1998) has recognized seven key ideas which must be considered
before implementing of these strategies made by professionals, can be called as principals. The
principals and projects plans to manufacture the limit of neighborhood experts working inside
their networks to handle nearby wellbeing inequalities, to give initiative to advance prosperity
(Scriven and Hodgins 2012).

HEALTH APPROACHS TO CHILD OBESITY 3
Every approach to health must have these principals. The First principal of empowerment of
health promoting initiatives has to enable individuals and communities to count on more power
over the non-public, socio-monetary and environmental elements that have an effect on their
fitness. Hidden this rule is the essential suspicion that people exist inside, and are affected by,
their social, monetary and social settings (Grabowski D Hansen, Ingrid and Jensen 2017 p.2).
Participative and involvement of this principals is basically a fitness promotion projects which
want to contain the ones worried in all ranges of making plans, implementation and assessment,
and a nurse plays important role to encourage people to involve in these pragrammes and
strategies and to implement it. Wellbeing promotion activities ought to include those worried in
all ideas of arranging, usage and assessment. The third principal (Holistic) of promotion
activities should encourage physical, mental, social and otherworldly wellbeing. The principal of
Inter sectoral) involves fitness promotion tasks contain the collaboration of groups from
applicable sectors (Department of Health and Human, Services 2018). In the last principal
(Multi-strategy) in which wellbeing advancement activities should utilize an assortment of
methodologies in blend with one another, including arrangement improvement, authoritative
change, network advancement, enactment, promotion, training and correspondence (Health
service executive 2018).
These standards fortify an all-encompassing way to deal with approaches to child obesity they
are all of equivalent esteem and are regularly related on each other (Department of Health and
Human Services 2018).
Since being overweight is big issue, nurses can provide actions plans to parents, those must be
taken and also there are some strategies to prevent child obesity like family based health
promotion programmes for the prevention of obesity. These interventions includes sustained
contact with children and their mother father and give attention on nutritional training, standard
fitness training raise activity for children and as a minimum one parent it may be father or
mother (NT clinical 2012).
Such techniques managed correctly to face weight problems including active involvement of dad
and mom and they recommended taking number one obligation for the conduct modifications
vital to make certain the fulfillment for this system. These parent gets acquire way of life
counselling and education for being aware and good parent and verbal exchange abilities. These

HEALTH APPROACHS TO CHILD OBESITY 4
such packages include a big time dedication from the health experts and nurses which is
appreciable.
However, it needs to be identified that there are limited numbers of experts and nurses with the
foremost. The current range for overweight children and youngsters already stretches these
facilities alongside the supply of life-style counselling and dietary and physical exercise
recommendation. If strategies, approach and plan along with way of life guidance are to be
extended to all mother and father in an attempt to stop growing this issue then there'll need to be
a large injection of assets for university practitioners and one-of-a-kind primary fitness care
experts (NT clinical 2012).
Nurses offer to their patient scientific preventive services along with counselling and fitness
recommendation to being well and live healthy lifestyle. Pointers for education of nurses specify
that competence inside the exercise of obesity prevention and promoting of healthy and
beneficial life is crucial. However some research states that nurses spend enormous period of
time in teaching and counselling the precise nature and concepts of their interactions with
patients has got little interest. The point of interest on enhancing affected person’s fitness calls
for nurses to establish healing affected person-company relationships and utilize powerful
strategies to suggest patients approximately behaviour alternate (Loan 2018). The high
consequences obtain from such excessive fine health care encompass high patient fulfilment,
decision of the disease situation, and adhere to remedy suggestions. Nurses have to be interacting
to patients correctly to help them follow to scientific routines, to learn about health related
choices and to offer disorder prevention counselling, fitness schooling and the fitness
merchandising sports.
In sequence of help children to get rid of obesity there are several health approaches and models
to underlying the child obesity promotion like Educational approach which aims to give
appropriate information to people and administrate them to create aptitudes with the goal that
People can settle the decision on and right choices at right time. Giving health information and
make them aware about all sessions conducted by media and by any group which provide
information related to health care (Health promotion methods & approaches 2018, pp.1-8),
(IFIHP 2018). The second one is Empowerment approach which involves working with people
to push them to recognize what they need to think about and make a move on and settle on their
own choices and decisions as indicated by their very own advantage and qualities. Counselling

HEALTH APPROACHS TO CHILD OBESITY 5
the crowd, giving problem solving information in public development, advocacy, public
participation, directing the group, giving solutions to critical problems related to their health
(Health promotion methods and approaches 2018, pp.1-8). Social change approach’s purpose is
to realize changes in physical, social, and monetary condition, this empowers individuals to
appreciate for better wellbeing, lobbing, advocacy, policies and fiscal measures (Health
promotion methods & approaches 2018, pp.1-8), (IFIHP 2018).
The socio-ecological technique to obesity prevention targets to form the circumstances and
conditions which can be the underlying determinants of fitness and social fairness in socie The
socio-biological strategy to corpulence anticipation focuses to shape the conditions and
conditions which can be the basic determinants of wellness and social reasonableness in the
public eye. Main targets the food environments, physical activity environment and the wider
socioeconomic environments (including of taxation, employment, schooling, housing and
welfare), for that reason in directly influencing people’s behaviors. Sectors focused consist of all
elements of the meals gadget (including agriculture, food processing, meals distribution,
advertising, retail and meals service sectors) and sectors that influence the physical hobby
environment (which includes infrastructure, transport, and training sectors) (WHO 2012).
The main model which underlying the child obesity approach is health belief model. The health
belief model created in 1950s by social health care researchers in U.S. General Health Service
(Morte 2018). This model proposes that health conduct is determined with the aid of one’s
private beliefs or perceptions regarding a illness or illness and the available techniques you'll be
able to get admission to prevent it. The four recognitions saw as seriousness, saw
defenselessness, saw benefits and saw hindrances might be utilized to clarify why an individual
acts the way he does with regards to wellness (Theory at a glance 2014). Key segments of the
Health Belief Model focus on individual feelings about prosperity conditions, which foresee
solitary prosperity related practices. Some reports indicates that people will take actions in the
event that they perceived themselves to be vulnerable to the infection or condition, that this
contamination may have serious effects, a route of motion will minimize effects and the gain of
taking action will outweigh the value or obstacles.
Health belief model can also be amalgamating with approaches to provide behavior change
theory. Whilst the idea of susceptibility is mixed with the belief of seriousness, a perceived threat
is created. When affected person examine the risk to a critical disorder as a severe chance, then it

HEALTH APPROACHS TO CHILD OBESITY 6
is miles most possibly that a behavior exchange is sure to comply with (including following
docs’ orders). Perceived blessings are evaluations of the cost of a new behavior in lowering the
danger of terrible effects. While influenced individual sees that nourishment plan and exercise
will pass on him cure from torment of moving or make him look reasonable in more tightly
getting to be articles of clothing, at that point almost certainly, he will coordinate. At last, saw
limits are what individuals concur with to upset them from achieving their objectives of
receiving new direct. Those might be essential deterrents such having crucial wellbeing
migraines that influences the individual to experience additional. Those will likewise be minor
impediments like not having enough time or finding the activities too intense to even consider
breathing or never again having enough space at home to working out (theory at a glance 2012).
The important model, the stage of change model is additionally called the Trans theoretical
Model, and an integrative, biopsychosocial model to conceptualize the procedure of deliberate
change behavior (Pro-change behavior system 2018). It discloses a person's status to change their
conduct. It depicts the procedure of conduct change as happening in stages. There are stages of
change behavior. The first is pre introspective which means that there must not be any intention
of taking wide steps to cure the sickness in coming six month and in the second stage
(Introspective) there must be some Intends to take action in the next six and action must be taken
must planning to do and go ahead. In the third stage (Arrangement) there is expectation to create
a move related to issue and some steps have been taken. The fourth one is (Taking action)
conduct has been changed for a brief time frame and in the last one is (Preservation), Conduct
has been revised and keeps on being kept up for long period of time (Rural health information
hub 2019).
The last theory of action plan behavior is the hypothesis of contemplated activity and arranged
conduct is a theory of conduct change that has been deeply considered in the wellbeing sciences
yet has had restricted introduction in the directing brain research writing. This model is essential
to examine since the preparation of advising analysts is vigorously ruled by speculations of
psychotherapy that accentuate prevention as opposed to counteractive action (Romano and
Natland 2016). Some other theoretical version that maximizes a character’s notion machine is the
theory of deliberate Behaviour (TPB) proposed by means of Icek Ajzen in 1986. This theory
guarantees that individuals are guided through their convictions, in particular about the outcomes
in their practices' or their conduct convictions, standards about the regulating desires for society

HEALTH APPROACHS TO CHILD OBESITY 7
or regularizing goals and beliefs about components that can encourage or turn away the general
execution in their conduct or oversee standards (Roanld, David and Sara (2012). TPB ended up
cutting edge on the reason that conduct is controlled by its expectation. The goal of the conduct
is framed by utilizing the person's appraisal of conduct, social possibilities identified with
execution of the conduct, and the issue with which the conduct is practiced. TPB is related with
individual’s inspiration to have connection in a specific conduct and that reason comprises of
somebody's trust in his/her capability to participate in a particular conduct (Korin 2016).
It is far clear from the reasons of corpulence that any methodology executed to keep its event
will need to contain now wellbeing specialists as well as specialists from fields comprising of
tutoring, conveyance, game and relaxation, and the sustenance fabricating industry. What we
ought to do as a multi proficient organization is to concur and implement a technique so as to be
powerful thus that it will focus on the premise reasons for the inconvenience. This is to obtain
that it should moreover comfortable the assistance and responsibility of guardians and youths.
Screening kids yearly isn't the appropriate response. Amassing sizeable parts of actualities this is
of bound use other than to confirm what's surely observed will occupy school nurture a long way
from managing the issue itself. Weight issue is a noticeable angle. Youngsters who need
mediation are effectively perceived without the requirement for screening programs for Children
routinely look at such things as infusion destinations and having a BMI estimation will be the
same (The national institute of sciences building medication 2016). In the event that school
attendants are to be a viable asset in the fight against corpulence it appears to be consistent that
their time should be spent completing advantageous wellbeing advancement and wellbeing
training techniques and not on high-action, low-accomplishment practices all. The possibility
that screening all children will keep the corpulent or hefty baby being derided is genuinely
innocent (NT clinical 2016).
Conclusion
The need to put far more noteworthy accentuation in social insurance on the aversion of disease
and the advancement of good wellbeing as opposed to concentrating transcendently on treating
sick wellbeing has been unmistakably featured by the reports and the government is to distribute
a White Paper on Public wellbeing in the late spring. General wellbeing strategy and practice
must be supported by scholarly research through measures to configuration, lead and assess
general wellbeing mediations to improve general wellbeing in the most advantageous and

HEALTH APPROACHS TO CHILD OBESITY 8
financially savvy way. Given the massively expanded desires for general wellbeing, more
noteworthy interest in the general wellbeing sciences is presently essential if this open door is
not to be missed. Many processes to weight problems prevention supported by means of various
ranges of evidence might be and are being implemented in a couple of settings, cities, local
communities, and states. Yet figuring out in which, how, and what is being achieved is hard.
Evaluating the technique, implementation, and/or outcome of a method is even extra difficult and
frequently is not being executed in any respect. Whilst in lots of cases there may be enough
records to suggest that interventions are probable to be powerful, and being conduct by nurses
and professionals, this isn't always constantly the case. The ineffectiveness of some interventions
may be due to insubstantial evaluation, or because proof has been primarily based on studies
which might be of too quick a duration to stumble on appropriate effects, or, virtually, for a
variety of motives they do no longer work. Importantly, little is known about the effectiveness of
interventions in low- and center-earnings international locations, and on the sustainability of
interventions through the years. Further, minimum information is to be had on the unintentional
effect of interventions.

HEALTH APPROACHS TO CHILD OBESITY 9
Bibliography
Depatment of health and human service (2018). Principals of practices. [Online]
Pro-change behaviour system, (2018). The Transtheoretical Model. [Online]
Available at: https://www.prochange.com/transtheoretical-model-of-behavior-change
Gavin., M., (2018). Overweight and Obesity. [Online]
Available at: https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/overweight-obesity.html
Grabowski, D. (2017). Principled Promotion of Health. 26 04, p. 2.
Hawk, E. (2018). Health promotion and wellness, p.8.
Health promotion methods and approaches P.1-8, (2018). Health promotio approaches.
Health service Executive, (2018). The Heath Promotion stratagies framework.
IFIHP,(2018). Health promotion approaches. [Online]
Available at: https://www.ifihp.org/Excerpts-HP-Approaches.pdf
Journal of Health Education Research & Development (2019), Issue Challanges in Health
Promotion.
Korin, M., (2016). Health promotion for children and adolescents.
NCBI, 2018. Study protocol of the quasi-experimental evaluation of “KEIGAAF”: a context-
based physical activity and nutrition intervention for primary school children. [Online]
Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6035437/
NCBI, 2019. Childhood Obesity Prevention Programs: Comparative Effectiveness Review and
Meta-Analysis. [Online]
Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23865092
NSBI, 2012. Childhood obesity: nurses' role in addressing the epidemic. [Online]
Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22874723
NT clinical, (2012). The role of the school nurse in. [Online]
Available at: https://www.nursingtimes.net/Journals/2012/12/07/p/u/c/040608The-role-
of-the-school-nurse-in-tackling-childhood-obesity.pdf.
Purdue university north west (2017), Nurse’s Role in Health Promotion. [Online]
Available at: https://nursingonline.pnw.edu/articles/nurses-role-in-health-promotion.aspx.

HEALTH APPROACHS TO CHILD OBESITY 10
Romano, L., (2016). the councling psychologist. The Application of the Theory of Reasoned
Action and Planned Behavior to Prevention Science in Counseling Psychology.
Romar, j., (2018). Physical activity and sedentary behaviour during outdoor learning and
traditional indoor school days among Finnish primary school students. Issue child
obesity.
Ronald, D., (2012). Test of the Theory of Planned Behavior to Predict Physical Activity in an
Overweight/Obese Population Sample of Adolescents From Alberta, Canada. Health
education and behaviour.
Royal collage of nursing, (2016), Role of nurse in heath promotion.
Scriven, A.,(2012). Health promotion setting, Principals and practice.
The national academy of scinces engeenering medicine, (2016). 5 Targated interventions
supporting parent of children with special needs.. [Online]
Available at: https://www.nap.edu/read/21868/chapter/7
The theory at a glance, (2014). A Guide For Health Promotion Practice. second edition.
Wayne W., LaMorte, M., (2018). behavioral change model. [Online]
Available at:
http://sphweb.bumc.bu.edu/otlt/MPH-Modules/SB/BehavioralChangeTheories/
BehavioralChangeTheories2.html
WHO, (2016). Childhood overweight and obesity. [Online]
Available at: https://www.who.int/dietphysicalactivity/childhood/en/
WHO, (2018). community based approach. [Online]
Available at: https://definedterm.com/community_based_approach
WHO, 2012. Chilhood obesity prevention. [Online]
Available at:
https://www.who.int/dietphysicalactivity/childhood/WHO_new_childhoodobesity_PREV
ENTION_27nov_HR_PRINT_OK.pdf

HEALTH APPROACHS TO CHILD OBESITY 11
WHO, 2018. Obesity and overweight. [Online]
Available at: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/obesity-and-overweight.