The Ottawa Charter as a global health milestone

The Charter is seen to identify five important components of health promotion actions and different prerequisites for health along with the determination of three basic strategies that guide the health promotion initiatives (Deehan & Wylie, 2016). The Ottawa charter mainly covers five important priority actions that had been followed appropriately while developing the health promotion project for the Maori community to reduce the prevalence of occurrence of lung cancer by cessation of smoking habits.

Running head: HEALTH PROMOTION
HEALTH PROMOTION
Name of the student:’
Name of the university:
Author note:

1
HEALTH PROMOTION
Introduction:
The Ottawa Charter can be defined as the global health milestone that acts as the vital
reference for health promotion. The Charter is seen to identify five important components of
health promotion actions and different prerequisites for health along with the determination of
three basic strategies that guide the health promotion initiatives (Deehan & Wylie, 2016). These
basic strategies for health promotion are seen to include effective advocacy for health, enabling
people for achieving their fullest proposal and mediating and coordinating actions among all
relevant stakeholders.
The Ottawa charter mainly covers five important priority actions that had been followed
appropriately while developing the health promotion project for the Maori community to reduce
the prevalence of occurrence of lung cancer by cessation of smoking habits. The assignment will
focus how the action areas ad been achieved successfully. It will also discuss whether six
principles of Te Pae Māhutonga framework in public health had been also achieved or not in the
previous assignment.
Building health public policies:
Health public policy merges diverse and complementary approaches for health
promotion. The policies are developed by keeping health issue as the major agenda among policy
makers in all areas as well as in all levels. The policies are seen to include legislations, fiscal
measures, taxation as well as organizational changes (Naidoo & Wilis, 20160. This criterion
successfully involves effective identification of the impediments for adoption of the healthy
public policies and proper identification of the ways of removing the obstacles.

2
HEALTH PROMOTION
Every of the above-mentioned requirements had been covered in the presentation
successfully. The paper had talked about the advocating of the issues of high level of smoking
among people in the Maori community to the local government. Accordingly, effective policies
can be developed and published for their betterment. Policies that promote establishment of
legislation to increase the tobacco tax in the presentation are indeed one of the best initiatives.
This can be one of the effective ways of inhibiting community people from buying cigarettes and
this would have positive outcome on their health (Lake & Rhynders, 2018). Reducing the
subsidies for the cessation pharmacotherapy in the policies would make the sessions more
affordable for the low-income Maori community people. This would make the community seek
such services in higher number and hence prevalence of the disorder of lung cancer would be
reduced.
Creation of the supportive environment:
Studies are of the opinion that there exists an inextricable link between health of human
beings and that of the environment. The ways society manages the environment can help in
creation of the better health of the people. Researchers are of the opinion that as health cannot be
separated from the environmental factors, protection and maintenance of both natural and built
environment along with the preservation of the natural resources is extremely important for
health promotion (Stahl, 2018). Therefore, reciprocal maintenance of the environment is the
major guiding principle for developing health of a particular community.
The presentation has been rightly made with the initiatives that help in developing an
environment that prevent smoking tendencies among the Maori people in the community. When
the built-in environment will inhibit selling of cigarettes, the tendencies of the people of the

3
HEALTH PROMOTION
community to buy cigarettes will inevitably reduce. When smoking would be banned in the
environment, this will force the people of the community to stop smoking forcibly. Along with it,
developing a smoke free environment in workplaces, schools and hospitals would also prevent
people from developing the urge to smoke and will reduce passive smoking by non-smokers.
Therefore, these initiatives are appropriate as they relate with modifying the environment of the
community to support reduction of smoking habits voluntarily or involuntarily.
Strengthening of the community actions:
Present day researchers are of the opinion that communities are the best areas where
health promotion can bring out maximum health outcomes. Studies are of the opinion that health
promotion can work through effective community actions by setting of different priorities and
making decisions, planning and even implementing actions (Fry & Zask, 2016). The initiatives
should have the core idea that would entail empowerment of the communities through
community involvement, participation and effective engagement in matters of health. Flexible
systems are developed in communities for strengthening public participation.
People within a community will only try to modify their health habits when they
understand the importance of modifying their risky behaviors. In order to make the Maori people
in the community develop awareness against negative outcomes of smoking and modify their
lifestyles, they need to fist develop their health literacy and knowledge. To make the community
empowered enough to take successful lifestyle changes, awareness programs would be
developed with health education sessions (Lee, 2015). This would make them know the real risk
factors of lung cancer and negative outcomes of smoking. This will make them participate
effectively in health promotion program. They will participate and act in collaboration with

4
HEALTH PROMOTION
government and health promoters to make their community a better place to live in. Hence, the
initiatives taken to make Maori community develop health education along with providing them
with support for culturally related cessation programs would encourage their participation of
target group.
Developing personal skills:
Health promotion programs need to support social and personal development by
providing information, education and enhancement of life skills. The initiatives should be such
that it would enable individual people for learning to prepare themselves for coping with health
events. Studies are of the opinion that developing personal skills would prepare and increase the
chances of an individual for controlling their own health through their own initiatives
(Thompson et al., 2018).
Often it might happen that particular individuals in the community have developed
knowledge about the negative aspects of smoking. However, they are not getting enough
motivation and dedication to overcome their tendencies and urge to stop smoking. Therefore, in
such areas motivational counseling or counseling the clients to cope with the withdrawal
symptoms effectively can help in success of the health promotion initiatives. Hence, the
presentation had correctly identified the needs of counseling sessions and had clearly included in
the program initiatives in the section.
Reorientation of the health services:
This step mainly includes reorienting the healthcare services by shifting towards a system
that focuses on health promotion rather than curative aspects. The services need to be interlinked
and connected with physical, social, political and economic environments. It should be focusing

5
HEALTH PROMOTION
on the needs, demands of the people from the healthcare units, and accordingly modify the
infrastructure as required.
The Maori people often avoid the healthcare systems with the fear of not being treated
with cultural competency. They fear that the professionals would not care for their cultural
pereferces, traditions and inhibitions. Therefore, they avoid taking their services. Therefore, the
presentation rightly states the importance of training and education of the healthcare
professionals to develop their cultural competency (Waitoki et al., 2015). When the professionals
would start treating Maori people in a culturally competent manner, the Maori community would
seek for their services and this would reduce prevalence rate. Moreover, the presentation also
promoted educating the the Maori women with Maori support workers and health providers
regarding the side effects of smoking and importance of healthy life style. This had induced
preventative services and discouraged curative services successfully.
Te Pae Māhutonga framework in public health:
Community and Public health system of the Maori government utilizes the Te Pae
Māhutonga framework. This help the healthcare promoters to include all the essential aspects of
health promotion and protection that align with the culture and traditions of the Maori
community.
Mauriora: Cultural identity:
This principle states that the health promotion initiatives should be such that it allows the Maori
people to enjoy their real identities by having access to their language, economic and social
resources, knowledge, and culture and to societal domains (Warbick et al., 2016). The initiatives
have clearly mentioned that the various counseling sessions and psychotherapy sessions that

6
HEALTH PROMOTION
would be developed would align with their cultural aspects. Hence, this criterion had been
maintained.
Ngā Manukura: Leadership:
This principles state the importance of presence of community role models and among peer
groups to participate as leaders in community plan development. Communication, collaboration
and alliances between groups and social leaders in the community is important. This criterion is
not mentioned in the presentation and no such initiatives to include leaders from Moari
community are also promoted.
Te Mana Whakahaere: Autonomy:
Communities should be able to demonstrate self-determination and autonomy in promotion of
their well being and health (Te-Moranga et al., 2018). This criteria is clearly followed as the
presentation states the importance of empowering the communities so that they feel included in
decisions making and also develop their awareness to make correct lifestyle decisions
Te Oranga: Participation in society:
This principle states that health cannot be separated from society. This principle is because
health is being impacted by the extent to which people are able to participate and feel as the part
of the society (Verbeist et al., 2018). That criterion is maintained in the presentation as the
presentation had indeed provided initiatives for community participation and strengthening of
communities. Working in conjugation with the Tu Katahi Maori for promoting awareness
program is a proof of this.

7
HEALTH PROMOTION
Toiora: Healthy lifestyles:
This principle is mainly concerned with the personal behavior and the type of lifestyle
individuals choose to live. It states the importance of impact of lifestyle on health and well-
being. The initiatives that had been proposed help in development of health literacy of Maori
people that would help them to modify their lifestyle and overcome negative habits like smoking.
Individual counseling sessions were also proposed that would influence lifestyle management
and effective coping of the Maori people. Hence, this principle has been fulfilled.
Waiora: Environmental protection:
This principle states the importance of connection between people and the environment. The
latter is essential for cultural well being for many people as it provides a sense of place (Verbeist
et al., 2018). Although environment modification is talked about in the assignment, no initiatives
had been taken to modify the environment from the cultural perspective that Maori people pits
much significance to. Hence, this is not covered in presentation.
Conclusion:
The detailed discussion shows that all the action areas of the Ottawa charter had been
fulfilled successfully. However, in case of Te Pae Māhutonga framework in public health, four
principles had been successfully achieved and two principles had not been covered in the
presentation.

8
HEALTH PROMOTION
References:
Deehan, A., & Wylie, A. (2016). Health Promotion: the challenges, the questions of definition,
discipline status and evidence base. Health Promotion in Medical Education: From
Rhetoric to Action, 10.
Fry, D., & Zask, A. (2016). Applying the Ottawa Charter to inform health promotion programme
design. Health promotion international, 32(5), 901-912.
Lake, D. M., & Rhynders, P. (2018). Preliminary evaluation of an adolescent positive health
measurement scale: a salutogenic health promotion approach. Global health promotion,
1757975918757703.
Lee, M. S. (2015). The principles and values of health promotion: building upon the Ottawa
charter and related WHO documents. Korean Journal of Health Education and
Promotion, 32(4), 1-11.
Naidoo, J., & Wills, J. (2016). Foundations for Health Promotion-E-Book. Elsevier Health
Sciences.
Ståhl, T. (2018). Health in All Policies: From rhetoric to implementation and evaluation–the
Finnish experience. Scandinavian journal of public health, 46(20_suppl), 38-46.
Te Morenga, L., Pekepo, C., Corrigan, C., Matoe, L., Mules, R., Goodwin, D., ... & Jull, A.
(2018). Co-designing an mHealth tool in the New Zealand Māori community with a
“Kaupapa Māori” approach. AlterNative: An International Journal of Indigenous
Peoples, 14(1), 90-99.

9
HEALTH PROMOTION
Thompson, S. R., Watson, M. C., & Tilford, S. (2018). The Ottawa Charter 30 years on: still an
important standard for health promotion. International Journal of Health Promotion and
Education, 56(2), 73-84.
Verbiest, M. E., Corrigan, C., Dalhousie, S., Firestone, R., Funaki, T., Goodwin, D., ... & Vano,
M. (2018). Using codesign to develop a culturally tailored, behavior change mHealth
intervention for indigenous and other priority communities: A case study in New
Zealand. Translational behavioral medicine.
Verbiest, M., Borrell, S., Dalhousie, S., Tupa'i-Firestone, R., Funaki, T., Goodwin, D., ... &
Jiang, Y. (2018). A Co-Designed, Culturally-Tailored mHealth Tool to Support Healthy
Lifestyles in Māori and Pasifika Communities in New Zealand: Protocol for a Cluster
Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR research protocols, 7(8).
Waitoki, W., Nikora, L. W., Harris, P. E. T. K., & Levy, M. P. (2015). Reconnecting whānau:
Pathways to recovery for Māori with bipolar disorder. In International Indigenous
Development Research Conference 2014 (pp. 147-154). Ngā Pae o te Māramatanga.
Warbrick, I., Dickson, A., Prince, R., & Heke, I. (2016). The biopolitics of Māori biomass:
towards a new epistemology for Māori health in Aotearoa/New Zealand. Critical Public
Health, 26(4), 394-404.

10
HEALTH PROMOTION