Health Promotion Campaign on Smoking Cessation During Pregnancy

Running head: Health promotion campaign on the smoking cessation during pregnancy
Health promotion campaign on the smoking cessation during pregnancy
Name of the student
Name of the university
Author’s note

1Health promotion campaign on the smoking cessation during pregnancy
Response to Que 1:
I. Designing and execution of health promotion campaign on smoking cessation among the
pregnant women.
As a newly employed Health Promotion Officer, a campaign like ‘Healthy Start’ can be
designed and execute to reduce the smoking problem among the pregnant women. This
campaign can help the pregnant women buy basic things required for children or babies like
foods; fruits, milk, vegetables and infant formula. This scheme can also help gain benefits like
 Pregnancy vitamins
 Breastfeeding vitamins
 Vitamins for children who are below the age of 5 years old.
 Vitamins supplements.
This campaign is only the women who are either 10 months pregnant or have a single child
whose age is below 4 years old.
II. Theories and some basic approaches aimed at the reducing the smoking problems among
the pregnant women.
During pregnancy, there are many risks, which are associated with smoking and have an
adverse health effect causing wide range of pregnancy outcome, such as placental abruption,
miscarriage, preterm birth and low birth weight. Compounds like nicotine and other harmful
elements, which are present in cigarettes, can cause developmental toxicants. The consumption
of such compounds restricts the oxygen supply and other nutritional elements to the body
resulting retardation of fetal growth (Chamberlain, 2017).

2Health promotion campaign on the smoking cessation during pregnancy
Some of the approaches, which are aimed at reducing the action of smoking during
pregnancy:
Measures taken across the wide population: Implication of some laws like; ban on smoking,
mass media campaigns, intervening in an organization (work-site or school place), awareness
about the tobacco dependent medical treatment, advertisement on the health risk with the tobacco
consumption, prevention on tobacco use in public place.
Intervention among a community: programs include family involvement, group analyses,
intervention among the family and health care for the reduction in environmental tobacco
consumption, school policies and programs.
Some of the important approaches include individual participation and strategies for the
promotion of smoking cessation during pregnancy:
 Giving professional or personal guidance and advices by using different tools such as e-
resources, mass media and some behavioural and motivational therapy.
 Observation of the fetal health status and health risk associated with the tobacco by-
products to the mother.
 Advice for health care therapy and pharmacological intervention
 Support and encouragement from the social platform, which could include rewarding for
cessation
Choi (2014) described some of the self-determination theories that could be applied to examine
health behaviour especially in cessation of smoking:
 Autonomy
 Competence
 Relatedness

3Health promotion campaign on the smoking cessation during pregnancy
These are the vital factor for an individual for long-term behavioural changes to
determine the intrinsic motivation. These factors address the basic need, which are expected to
have great and stable effect of changed smoking behaviour.
III. Relevant Statistics and information from a local borough on smoking during
pregnancy
In the current context, the chosen borough is the Birmingham where the prevalence of pregnant
smoker is higher compared to the other borough. In Birmingham, one in 12 pregnant women are
smokers at the time they give birth or they expected to give birth. NHS statistics highlighted tahr
16, 091 women in the Birmingham city gave birth in 2017/2018. Despite the presence of the
higher risk of mother and bay related to the smoking, 1320 of these women gave birth to a baby
every day. Consequently, they experience the miscarriage, premature birth, low birth Wight and
many other complications related to the pregnancy. Even considering the previous records, in
2011 the prevalence of smokers during pregnancy was also high compared to any other borough
in England. Every year, 287000 women die due because of pregnancy of complications and
smoking plays a role as a crucial contributor to the mortality rate. () highlighted that one woman
out of every eight pregnant women is smoking during their pregnancy. However, the rate
decreased over time because of the smoking cessation policies implemented by the governing
bodies in the United Kingdom. () highlighted that in Birmingham, approximately, 3% of the
pregnant women in population is experiencing miscarriage due to smoking. Therefore, smoking
not only affected their physical wellbeing but also influenced the mental wellbeing of pregnant
women which further influence later life and life of the baby. However, the current literature
covering smoking of pregnant women highlighted that in 2017 to 2018 due to the presence of
smoking cessation policies or alternative therapies such as nicotine patch or e-cigarette,

4Health promotion campaign on the smoking cessation during pregnancy
Birmingham is still in a better position compared to entire nations. Where the pregnant smokers
in the where one out of 12 women observed in Birmingham, in other boroughs of England where
the pregnant smokers are one out of eight pregnant women. This result further indicates that the
government initiatives are fruitful to provide a smoking-free environment to the pregnant women
for the wellbeing of mother and baby. Therefore, further health promotions and health initiatives
are required to reduce smoking.
IV. Identification and evalution of two health promotion theories.
There are many theories and models which help to continue the practice of helth
promotion and disease prevention. These theories and model are applied in planning the
program, to understand, and to demonstrate the health behaviour.
Two of the theories which could be used for health care promotion and disease prevention
progarms are :
 The health Belief Model
This model is theoritical based model which can be used to conduct the health care
promotion and disease preventions programs. This model helps to demonstrate the change in
behaviour of an individual about health. So it is one of the widely used model for the better
understanding of human heath behaviour. The prime focus of this model is on the individiual
beliefs related to health conditions and behhaviour. The key factors which could influence the
health behaviour of an individual are: threat to sickness or disease, beliefs of consequences,
potential benefits and cofidence in the ability to succeed. . In the current context, changing the
health beliefs of individuals that smoking can give the release the negative thoughts or
complications regarding pregnancy can be amended for reducing the smoking habits of women.

5Health promotion campaign on the smoking cessation during pregnancy
Theory of social determinations:
Self-determination theory is defined as personality theory which involves the behavioral
factors and it focuses on the motivations behind choices the individuals makes which is
expressed through their behavior. Considering intrinsic motivations, a person seeks out
challenges and allow their growth and it is directly linked with the sense of security and
relatedness. Farholm et al. (2017) highlighted that autonomy, competence and relatedness
are three domain which motives the self-initiated behaviors of individuals. In the current
context, it was highlighted the majority of the pregnant smokers experienced pregnancy-
related complications due to frequent smoking habits during pregnancy, Therefore,
following the theory, pregreagan women can be assisted to change their behavior of
smoking and surroundings, develop goals to reduce smoking and strengthen their inner
power to adhere to quit smoking.
V. Discussion and planning of heath promotion and disease prevention strategies and its
impact in preventing the smoking action.
The process of enhancing and protecting the public health care unit is known as helath
promotion which incules the participation of individuals or a community. With a planned
activities and programs, this aim of health promotion and disease prevention can be esaily
achieved. The implementation of this health care prromotion can be of varied setting including
rural communities.
Eldredge et al (2016) discussed many theories, strategies and model which can be applied in
promoting health care and disease prevention among the rural communities. These theories and
strategies can be used to renovate and implement for the empowerment and motivation to people
for better health management.