Health Promotion on Physical Activity Report 2022

Running Head: HEALTH PROMOTION ON PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
Health Promotion on Physical Activity
Students Name
University Affiliation
Date

HEALTH PROMOTION ON PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
2
Health promotion on physical activity
Background information
There is a blatant evidence on the significance of physical activity as a major factor
towards quality and good health. Physical inactivity has been reported to be the 4th leading risk
factor for death rates in the European countries and the sixth burden of illness. However,
individuals living in the European nations usually report low levels of physical activity. It should
be noted that physical inactivity is a community health issue impacting societies globally (Binns,
Howat, Smith & Jancey, 2016). With the rising application of motorized transport and
mechanization, an ageing population and unplanned urbanization, physical activity has been on
the rise. Empirical studies have indicated that physical inactivity is a risk factor for obesity,
enhances the risk for non-communicable diseases and reduces life expectancy. Research has
shown that 9% of the non-communicable diseases and 10% premature death rates can be linked
to sedentary behaviour. Moreover, the Global Organization on health, WHO, states that physical
inactivity is the fourth leading risk factor for world death.
Due to these prevailing and glaring circumstances, the probable advantages of promoting
physical activity at the local level are significant. For instance, there is the potential that if all
inactive people became physically active, then 7% of the world burden because of cardiovascular
diseases could be done away with (Brooks-Cleator & Giles, 2016). Moreover, for colorectal and
breast cancer and type 2 diabetes, this translates to 10% and 8% reduction in the world burden,
respectively. It should be noted that even with a 24% reduction in physical inactivity, 1.31
million world mortality could be reduced yearly. Thus, health promotion of physical activity is
globally significant. Modifying or creating environments to make it easier for individuals to bike

HEALTH PROMOTION ON PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
3
or walk is considered as a strategy which not only aids increase physical activity, but also make
various communities better places to reside in. Local communities designed to encourage
physical activity are normally active people (Dattilo, 2018).
Physical activity in Jordan
There are many people suffering from diabetes mellitus in Jordan. Diabetes mellitus have
been found to be leading causes of development of end-stage renal disease resulting to
haemodialysis in the country. Jordan is considered as a developing country which has limited
healthcare resources and as such numerous attributes have potentiated the increase in diabetes
mellitus in the country (Alsous et al., 2019). The factors include high obesity rates, physical
inactivity, increased lipid profile, and sociocultural and demographic changes. Research has
shown that less than 50% of the people of Jordan perform mild physical exercise. Moreover, it
was also reported that even Jordanian youths were physically inactive. It is in the public domain
that diabetes mellitus, as a chronic disease, is incurable. Therefore, diabetes management
emphasis more on controlling and managing blood sugar level and approaches to prevent its
chronic complications (Alsous et al., 2019).
Sample population
Inadequate or lack of physical activity in older adults is a great public health concern.
Lack of physical activity has been listed as the 4th leading risk factor for world deaths as well as a
major contributing factor for poor health outcomes and disability. Regular physical activity is
considered as one of the significant elements of a healthy behavior and lifestyle, that is, it is
linked with better cognitive and physical functioning in older adults as well as enhanced life
expectancy (Chan et al., 2019). Vigorous and moderate physical activity is linked with a

HEALTH PROMOTION ON PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
4
minimized risk of non-communicable diseases in older adults like cancer, type 2 diabetes,
coronary heart diseases, metabolic syndrome and depression.
Aim of the health promotion
To reduce and minimize impacts of physical inactivity, there is need for interventions of
health promotion which emphasizes on single factors like physical inactivity (Cohn et al., 2018).
Empirically, it has been stated that primary healthcare experts like physiotherapists are ideally
placed to enhance health promotion strategies within the local context to reduce the health
impacts of chronic diseases of behavioural lifestyles. Numerous healthcare professionals usually
take promotion of health as a vital segment of their role, as health education and promotion are
presently one of the vital competencies required from healthcare profession like physiotherapy.
Health promotion is vital in ensuring that proper information is disseminated to the public.
Globally, the WHO is advocating for increased physical activity especially among the older
people as a preventive strategy to chronic diseases of behavioural lifestyles, even though various
studies supports the significance of physical activity offered in the primary care environments,
few research studies have assessed efforts relating to the use pf physical activity as a strategy for
promoting health. The aim of this campaign is to create awareness among the older population in
the society concerning the effectiveness of physical activity in combatting lifestyle diseases like
type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases.
Objectives of the campaign
To run an awareness creation campaign among the older population of Jordan about the
significance of regularly undertaking physical activity. The campaign will run for three months

HEALTH PROMOTION ON PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
5
in Jordan and will offer customized information regarding physical activity. The campaign aims
at reducing the negative health impacts of physical inactivity among the older adults in Jordan
To ensure that lifestyle diseases like type 2 diabetes which are prevalent and rife among
the older people of Jordan is combatted through public health promotion within three months.
Health promotion approaches to physical activity
The efforts of health promotion can be directed toward physical activity entailing
numerous interventions and populations. The approach of the campaign will be based on issues,
an approach which operates best if complemented by design-anchored settings. The approach
will be executed in markets, workplaces as well as residential areas to address the health impacts
of physical inactivity by taking into account the complex determinants of health like cultural
beliefs, behaviors, etc. Moreover, settings-based design approach which will be adopted by this
campaign promotes incorporation of health promotion actions into the social actions considering
the prevailing local situations (Etnier, Drollette, & Slutsky, 2019). One of the strategies the
campaign will utilize in the promotion of physical activity among the older population in Jordan
will be community-wide campaigns which will use mass media, community outreach health
fairs, screening and walking groups, and environmental changes to promote physical activity. In
order for the campaign to be effective, the campaign will need strategic partnership with the local
organizations and agencies, frequent exposures for three months and simple and clear messaging
which can be adapted to various sectors of the community.
For instance, the campaign will adopt the wheeling walks interventions which will
motivate sedentary older people to become more physically active (Wischenka, Marquez &
Friberg, 2016). The strategy will target walking since it is one of the physical activities which is

HEALTH PROMOTION ON PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
6
almost generally accessible to every individual as well as requires no unique and special training
or equipment. Even though the campaign will be interested in seeing physical activity improve
among the older members of Jordan, the campaign will utilize current social and communication
marketing theory (Florindo et al., 2013). The choice of the target group was vital since it was
argued that if the campaign could motivate this ‘hard’ targeted population, other age groups
especially the younger population might respond in joining the campaign. Applying both social
marketing and community development approaches, the wheeling walks strategy will replicate
methods used in other effective and successful interventions. The approach, therefore, will focus
on an initial empowerment and community involvement programs as well as media campaign to
set the agenda for change.
Another approach that the campaign will utilize is the use of conventional media as a way
of reaching a good number of older populations in Jordan (Thomas, 2018). Since most of the
older generation are not acquainted with the social media, conventional media platforms like
television, radio is vital in reaching a good number of target group. Some of the practical
information and message that will be communicated through the conventional mass media will
be; physical activity should be enjoyable, entail social interaction and be fun, the people involved
in the campaign will act as trainer of trainees after being trained by the program. The use of
conventional media is vital in creating awareness among the people especially older members of
the community who are not as effective with the current and present media like Facebook,
Twitter and YouTube. To improve in changing the behavior and lifestyle of older adults, this
program will incorporate strategies that promote knowledge of the significant role that physical
activity plays in their health as well as function (Hong et al., 2015). Strategies like provision of

HEALTH PROMOTION ON PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
7
information on the practice and theory of how to exercise safely and provision of aid in
maintaining motivation and setting goals.
Reasons for choosing the approaches; Wheeling walks are very interesting for the elder adults
while conventional media is still popular among the elderly adults relative to youths.
Theories of health intervention
There are numerous models and theories which support health promotion practice and disease
prevention. In this campaign theories and models will be employed to comprehend as well as
explain health behaviour and the guidance of the development, identification and execution of
the campaign (Meng & Choi, 2016). This campaign will employ the theory of planned behaviour
and reason for action which suggest that an individual’s health behaviour is influenced by his or
her intention to undertake a behaviour, that is the behavioural intention of the older adults in
physical activity.
Messages for the campaign on significance of physical activity
The messages that will be contained in the campaign program will be easy to understand,
simple and clear. The messages will also resonate well with the age group including answering
their key concerns and expectations. The information or messages to be included in the campaign
program are; the time and quantity of the physical activity an older people can do. Older adults
are required to aim towards having 30 minutes of low or moderate physical activity at least five
days in a week (Morton et al., 2015). The process and procedure of conducting physical activity
will also be highlighted in the messages of the campaign. It is vital to start physical activity
gradually or slowly, starting with, for instance, ten minutes daily and working up to roughly
thirty minutes (Kosma & Cardinal, 2016). It is vital to point out that any physical activity is

HEALTH PROMOTION ON PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
8
better compared to none at all, and older adults, should be motivated to begin a physical activity
level with which they are able to comfortably perform; this can be as low as six minutes to start
with. The messages will also promote group physical activity which offer peer help and support
to promote attendance, motivation, as well as compliance. The program will provide caps or T-
shirts for participants which will contain messages that gives them the sense of identity in the
group.
The messages will also contain the potential health benefits of physical activity to the
older adults like reduced risk of cardiovascular diseases, some type of cancers, stroke and type 2
diabetes, control and reduction of hypertension, enhanced quality of sleep, weight management
and control improvement of the immune system, enhancement of fitness level linked to
independence and morbidity and reduction in the death rates (Webb et al., 2017). Moreover, the
messages will also detail the social benefits of physical activity like improved social integration,
empowerment of the older adults, establishment of new acquaintances, enhancement of a more
active and positive image of older adult, improved intergeneration activity and maintenance
public and caring skills.
Evaluation plan for the campaign
Evaluation is defined as the systematic assessment and examination of features of a
campaign as well as its impacts to produce valuable information which can be utilized by the
people who had a direct or direct interest in the effectiveness or enhancement of the campaign.
There will be six stages of the evaluation plan with various questions (Murray et al., 2019). The
six stages will be engaging various stakeholders for the program, describing or planning the
campaign, focusing on the evaluation, gathering quality and credible evidence, justifying the

HEALTH PROMOTION ON PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
9
conclusion and ensuring application as well as sharing lessons learned. In the first step of
engaging the stakeholders, the campaign identifies the stakeholders having vested interest in the
planning and execution of the campaign (Kriek, 2016). The question to ask in this stage is
whether the stakeholders are presently at the table or not. The stakeholders will then be grouped
in different categories based on implementers, that the stakeholders involved in the operations of
the campaign, partners, that is, the stakeholders who are actively supporting the campaign,
participants, that is, the stakeholders affected or served by the campaign, and decision makers,
that is the stakeholders who are in a position to decide or do something concerning the campaign.
It should be noted that the scope and size of the campaign as well as the intended application of
the assessment results will affect the decisions concerning the involvement of the stakeholders.
For instance, if the campaign will have only few numbers of stakeholders involved in the
evaluation of the outreach approach for the physical activity in a small number, local-based
organizations can be appropriate if the primary purpose of the evaluation is to enhance the
campaign. It should be noted that the stakeholders selected in this campaign will form a subset of
all the campaign stakeholders (Lauzé, Martel & Aubertin-Leheudre, 2017). The stakeholder for
this campaign will be the older adults who are the target groups, the youth, community residents,
the government agencies like the elected leaders, public health professionals, the education
professionals and environmental and transportation sector. The second step in the evaluation
process will be describing or planning the campaign. It should be noted that evaluation planning
and campaign planning usually go hand in hand and is directed by the identified stakeholders. In
this stage of the evaluation of the campaign, a campaign description will entail the description of
the problem or issue to be addressed and the campaign activities, context of the campaign,
resources to be used and the expected outcomes (Lodewyk, 2019). The complete campaign

HEALTH PROMOTION ON PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
10
description will have three basic components, that is, the identification of the campaign
development stages, statement of the problem of the campaign, and a logic model which will
offer a vital framework for the description or planning of the rest of the campaign.
The third part of the evaluation process will be to focus on the evaluation itself. The
evaluation will focus on the uses, evaluation questions and purposes of the campaign (Besenyi et
al., 2015). The major aim of the evaluation process in this campaign will be to enhance the
campaign, examine the effects of the campaign as well as to gain insights of the campaign. The
evaluations questions that will be posed in this campaign will come from the stakeholders in
which they believe the process can provide answers to them. Therefore, it is prudent to
encourage stakeholders to come up with long lists of questions that will then be categorized
based on priority. Some of the questions of the evaluation process will include;
a) What is the campaign doing? Where? When? How much?
b) Is there external influence which has impacted on the campaign activities or inputs?
c) Is the program delivering as had planned? If it is delivering, then why has it varied?
d) Is the campaign on track with resources and time?
e) What is working in the program and why?
The camping will reach its aim through engaging the stakeholders in the program from the
inception of the plans to the implementation.
Application of the evaluation results
The results obtained during the evaluation will be justified through comparison with the
performance indicators as well as other standards or values that had been agreed upon by the
stakeholders. The process, thus, starts with the analysis and interpretation of the data. Data

HEALTH PROMOTION ON PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
11
analysis is done through entering the data into the computer, checking the errors in the data
entered, tabulating the data, stratifying the data, making vital comparison by communicating
ethnicity or race, level of fitness or age. Interpretation of data to identify what frequencies,
numbers, statistical test results or averages say concerning the campaign (Lodewyk & Mandigo,
2017). The questions that will be answered in this stage will be to check whether the results are
similar to the expectation of the campaign. The result of the evaluation process (reports and
recommendations) will be shared with the stakeholder through the earlier identified
communication channels. The recommendations for redesigning, continuing or abandoning of a
campaign for the physical activity. When communicating the recommendations to the
stakeholders, the campaign will consider the values of the stakeholders as well as align
recommendations. The recommendations will be shared the results and expect feedback from the
stakeholders (Neil-Sztramko et al., 2019).
The reports will be easy to understand, clear and effective for the intended target group.
Depending on the stakeholders, the campaign will prepare more than one report. The channels
will be through mailing, listservs, personal contacts, community forums and media.

HEALTH PROMOTION ON PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
12
References
Alsous, M, Abdel Jalil, M, Odeh, M, Al Kurdi, R & Alnan, M 2019, ‘Public knowledge, attitudes
and practices toward diabetes mellitus: A cross-sectional study from Jordan’, PLoS ONE, vol.
14, no. 3, pp. 1–12. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0214479
Besenyi, GM, Fair, M, Hughey, SM, Kaczynski, AT, Powers, A & Dunlap, E 2015, ‘Park Hop:
Pilot Evaluation of an Inter-Agency Collaboration to Promote Park Awareness, Visitation, and
Physical Activity in Greenville County, SC’, Journal of Park & Recreation Administration, vol.
33, no. 4, pp. 69–89. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.18666/JPRA-2015-V33-I4-6216
Binns, C, Howat, P, Smith, J & Jancey, J 2016, ‘the medicalization of prevention: health
promotion is more than a pill a day’, Health Promotion Journal of Australia, vol. 27, no. 2, pp.
91–93. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1071/HEv27n2_ED
Brooks-Cleator, LA & Giles, AR 2016, ‘Physical Activity Policy for Older Adults in the
Northwest Territories, Canada: Gaps and Opportunities for Gains’, Arctic, vol. 69, no. 2, pp.
169–176. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.14430/arctic4564
Chan, YY, Sooryanarayana, R, Mohamad Kasim, N, Lim, KK, Cheong, SM, Kee, CC, Lim, KH,
Omar, MA, Ahmad, NA & Mohd Hairi, NN 2019, ‘Prevalence and correlates of physical
inactivity among older adults in Malaysia: Findings from the National Health and Morbidity
Survey (NHMS) 2015’, Archives of Gerontology & Geriatrics, vol. 81, pp. 74–83. Retrieved
from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.archger.2018.11.012
Cohn, WF, Lyman, J, Broshek, DK, Guterbock, TM, Hartman, D, Kinzie, M, Mick, D, Pannone,
A, Sturz, V, Schubart, J & Garson, AT 2018, ‘Tailored Educational Approaches for Consumer
Health: A Model to Address Health Promotion in an Era of Personalized Medicine’, American

HEALTH PROMOTION ON PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
13
Journal of Health Promotion, vol. 32, no. 1, pp. 188–197. Retrieved from
https://doi.org/10.1177/0890117116671082
Dattilo, J 2018, ‘An Education Model to Promote Inclusive Leisure Services’, Journal of Park &
Recreation Administration, vol. 36, no. 2, pp. 177–195. Retrieved from
https://doi.org/10.18666/JPRA-2018-V36-I2-8447
Etnier, JL, Drollette, ES & Slutsky, AB 2019, ‘Physical activity and cognition: A narrative
review of the evidence for older adults’, Psychology of Sport & Exercise, vol. 42, pp. 156–166.
Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2018.12.006
Florindo, AA, Mielke, GI, Oliveira Gomes, GA de, Ramos, LR, Bracco, MM, Parra, DC,
Simoes, EJ, Lobelo, F & Hallal, PC 2013, ‘Physical activity counseling in primary health care in
Brazil: a national study on prevalence and associated factors’, BMC Public Health, vol. 13, no. 1,
pp. 1–10. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-13-794
Hong, YA, Goldberg, D, Ory, MG, Towne Jr, SD, Forjuoh, SN, Kellstedt, D & Wang, S 2015,
‘Efficacy of a Mobile-Enabled Web App (iCanFit) in Promoting Physical Activity Among Older
Cancer Survivors: A Pilot Study’, Journal of Medical Internet Research, vol. 17, no. 6, p. 1.
Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.2196/cancer.4389
Kosma, M & Cardinal, BJ 2016, ‘Theory-based physical activity beliefs by race and activity
levels among older adults’, Ethnicity & Health, vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 181–195. Retrieved from
https://doi.org/10.1080/13557858.2015.1047741
Kriek, HS 2016, Teambuilding Activities for South African Organisations, vol Second updated
edition, KR Publishing, Randburg. Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?
direct=true&db=nlebk&AN=1427029&site=ehost-live

HEALTH PROMOTION ON PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
14
Lauzé, M, Martel, DD & Aubertin-Leheudre, M 2017, ‘Feasibility and Effects of a Physical
Activity Program Using Gerontechnology in Assisted Living Communities for Older
Adults’, Journal of the American Medical Directors Association, vol. 18, no. 12, pp. 1069–1075.
Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jamda.2017.06.030
Lodewyk, KR & Mandigo, JL 2017, ‘Early Validation Evidence of a Canadian Practitioner-
Based Assessment of Physical Literacy in Physical Education: Passport for Life’, Physical
Educator, vol. 74, no. 3, pp. 441–475. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.18666/TPE-2017-V74-
I3-7459
Lodewyk, KR 2019, ‘Early Validation Evidence of the Canadian Practitioner-Based Assessment
of Physical Literacy in Secondary Physical Education’, Physical Educator, vol. 76, no. 3, pp.
634–660. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.18666/TPE-2019-V76-I3-8850
Meng, B & Choi, K 2016, ‘Extending the theory of planned behaviour: testing the effects of
authentic perception and environmental concerns on the slow-tourist decision-making
process’, Current Issues in Tourism, vol. 19, no. 6, pp. 528–544. Retrieved from
https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2015.1020773
Morton, K, Sutton, S, Hardeman, W, Troughton, J, Yates, T, Griffin, S, Davies, M, Khunti, K,
Eborall, H & Morton, BsMsPK 2015, ‘A Text-Messaging and Pedometer Program to Promote
Physical Activity in People at High Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: The Development of the PROPELS
Follow-On Support Program’, Journal of Medical Internet Research, vol. 17, no. 12, pp. 1–16.
Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.2196/mhealth.5026
Murray, JM, French, DP, Patterson, CC, Kee, F, Gough, A, Tang, J & Hunter, RF 2019,
‘Predicting Outcomes from Engagement With Specific Components of an Internet-Based

HEALTH PROMOTION ON PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
15
Physical Activity Intervention With Financial Incentives: Process Analysis of a Cluster
Randomized Controlled Trial’, Journal of Medical Internet Research, vol. 21, no. 4, p. N.PAG.
Neil-Sztramko, SE, Smith-Turchyn, J, Richardson, J & Dobbins, M 2019, ‘A Mobility-Focused
Knowledge Translation Randomized Controlled Trial to Improve Physical Activity: Process
Evaluation of the Move4Age Study’, Journal of Medical Internet Research, vol. 21, no. 6, p.
N.PAG. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.2196/13965
Thomas, V 2018, ‘Using Digital Technology to Promote Health’, MEDSURG Nursing, vol. 27,
no. 5, pp. 333–335. Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?
direct=true&db=aph&AN=132180608&site=ehost-live
Webb, J, Fife-Schaw, C, Ogden, J & Foster, J 2017, ‘The Effect of the Move More Pack on the
Physical Activity of Cancer Survivors: Protocol for a Randomized Waiting List Control Trial
with Process Evaluation’, Journal of Medical Internet Research, vol. 19, no. 11, p. 90. Retrieved
from https://doi.org/10.2196/resprot.7755
Wischenka, DM, Marquez, C & Friberg F., K 2016, ‘Benefits of Physical Activity on Cognitive
Functioning in Older Adults’, Annual Review of Gerontology & Geriatrics, vol. 36, pp. 103–121.
Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1891/0198-8794.36.103