Health Care: Health Promotion Strategies Assignment 2022
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Running head: HEALTH CARE
HEALTH CARE
Name of the student
Name of the university
Author’s name
HEALTH CARE
Name of the student
Name of the university
Author’s name
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1HEALTH CARE
Health promotion strategies for Generalized anxiety disorder
Two of the important interventions that has been chosen for treating GAD are
Medications and use of relaxation techniques. Medications can be indicated for high levels of
anxiety, as it helps in decreasing the anxiety levels. The antidepressant like the Serotonin
reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) has been widely used for treating generalized anxiety disorder. They
act on the brain chemicals known as serotonin and norepinephrine. The SSRIs are known to
inhibit the selective serotonin transport. The action of the SSRIs causes an sudden increase in
serotonin in the somatodendritic area of the serotonergic neurons causing the somatodendritic
serotonin-1 A auto receptors to desensitize (Khushboo & Sharma, 2017). Due to which the
neuronal impulse flow is increased. This increases the discharge of serotonin from the axon
terminals that closes in to desensitization of the postsynaptic serotonin receptors. However, some
side effects related to the use of these medicines can be diarrhea, dizziness, and allergic reactions
(Khushboo & Sharma, 2017).
Relaxation exercises are the effective non chemical ways of reducing anxiety in clients. It
has been stated by Hayes-Skelton, Roemer, Orsillo and Borkovec, (2013), that Applied
relaxation, (AR) is a long standing and efficacious treatment as a treatment for panic attacks.
While many newer treatments have emerged, AR remains as a gold standard against these
treatments have to be compared. Mindfulness based relaxation, has been meeting an increased
interest as a therapeutic strategy for the anxiety disorders (Hoge et al., 2013). A randomised
control trial has been conducted to find out the usefulness of mindfulness therapy for mitigating
panic and anxiety disorders (Hoge et al., 2013). It tends to develop resilience and mindfulness in
the clients. It has again be stated , that the regular practice of mental imagery is important for
Health promotion strategies for Generalized anxiety disorder
Two of the important interventions that has been chosen for treating GAD are
Medications and use of relaxation techniques. Medications can be indicated for high levels of
anxiety, as it helps in decreasing the anxiety levels. The antidepressant like the Serotonin
reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) has been widely used for treating generalized anxiety disorder. They
act on the brain chemicals known as serotonin and norepinephrine. The SSRIs are known to
inhibit the selective serotonin transport. The action of the SSRIs causes an sudden increase in
serotonin in the somatodendritic area of the serotonergic neurons causing the somatodendritic
serotonin-1 A auto receptors to desensitize (Khushboo & Sharma, 2017). Due to which the
neuronal impulse flow is increased. This increases the discharge of serotonin from the axon
terminals that closes in to desensitization of the postsynaptic serotonin receptors. However, some
side effects related to the use of these medicines can be diarrhea, dizziness, and allergic reactions
(Khushboo & Sharma, 2017).
Relaxation exercises are the effective non chemical ways of reducing anxiety in clients. It
has been stated by Hayes-Skelton, Roemer, Orsillo and Borkovec, (2013), that Applied
relaxation, (AR) is a long standing and efficacious treatment as a treatment for panic attacks.
While many newer treatments have emerged, AR remains as a gold standard against these
treatments have to be compared. Mindfulness based relaxation, has been meeting an increased
interest as a therapeutic strategy for the anxiety disorders (Hoge et al., 2013). A randomised
control trial has been conducted to find out the usefulness of mindfulness therapy for mitigating
panic and anxiety disorders (Hoge et al., 2013). It tends to develop resilience and mindfulness in
the clients. It has again be stated , that the regular practice of mental imagery is important for
2HEALTH CARE
controlling many anxiety problems. The imageries are often used for inducing hypnotic trances
causing a reduction in the symptoms of generalized anxiety (Nguyen & Brymer, 2018).
Health promotion strategies for managing diabetes in Ruby
One of the important step for the management of the blood sugar level is the daily
monitoring of the blood glucose level. A repeated monitoring of the blood glucose level is
necessary as the blood between 140 a d glucose level has to be between 14-180mg/dL and the
non –intensive care patients needs to be maintained at the pre-meal levels <140mg/dL. There are
several kits available in the market that can be used for the monitoring of the blood glucose level.
It has been stated by Beck et al.., (2013), that a home based monitoring is required that should be
recorded in a log , which can be checked at the end of the month or can be followed up with the
general practitioner. The patient can be educated to monitor the blood sugar level by the help of
the glucose monitoring stick and glucometer. Generally, branded glucometers that are used at
home give accurate results, however, here can be certain variability (Cypress & Tomky, 2013).
However, it is recommended to carry out an authentic blood sugar test from the GP every month.
Dietary habits and patterns plays a great role in blood sugar control. In this case it can be
seen that Ruby does not follow a healthy food habit. The dietary patterns emphasizes on the
consumption of fats primarily from food products that have high quantity of unsaturated fatty
acids. The dietary patterns recommends daily consumption of helpful diets like fruits, vegetables
and low fat dairy products. It has been stated that consumption of proper diet reduces the amount
of oxidative stress and also reduces the insulin resistance (Cypress & Tomky, 2013).
Furthermore, it has also been found that higher consumptions of fruits and vegetables leads to a
high ratio of monosaturated fatty acids to saturated fatty acids. This kind of a diet is mainly
controlling many anxiety problems. The imageries are often used for inducing hypnotic trances
causing a reduction in the symptoms of generalized anxiety (Nguyen & Brymer, 2018).
Health promotion strategies for managing diabetes in Ruby
One of the important step for the management of the blood sugar level is the daily
monitoring of the blood glucose level. A repeated monitoring of the blood glucose level is
necessary as the blood between 140 a d glucose level has to be between 14-180mg/dL and the
non –intensive care patients needs to be maintained at the pre-meal levels <140mg/dL. There are
several kits available in the market that can be used for the monitoring of the blood glucose level.
It has been stated by Beck et al.., (2013), that a home based monitoring is required that should be
recorded in a log , which can be checked at the end of the month or can be followed up with the
general practitioner. The patient can be educated to monitor the blood sugar level by the help of
the glucose monitoring stick and glucometer. Generally, branded glucometers that are used at
home give accurate results, however, here can be certain variability (Cypress & Tomky, 2013).
However, it is recommended to carry out an authentic blood sugar test from the GP every month.
Dietary habits and patterns plays a great role in blood sugar control. In this case it can be
seen that Ruby does not follow a healthy food habit. The dietary patterns emphasizes on the
consumption of fats primarily from food products that have high quantity of unsaturated fatty
acids. The dietary patterns recommends daily consumption of helpful diets like fruits, vegetables
and low fat dairy products. It has been stated that consumption of proper diet reduces the amount
of oxidative stress and also reduces the insulin resistance (Cypress & Tomky, 2013).
Furthermore, it has also been found that higher consumptions of fruits and vegetables leads to a
high ratio of monosaturated fatty acids to saturated fatty acids. This kind of a diet is mainly
3HEALTH CARE
characterised by a low degree of energy density. They not only prevent wait gain, but also brings
about glycaemic control. Moreover, literature recommends to impose restriction on refined
sugars during the digestion of the starches. Again, carbohydrates might also contain some
unhealthy amount of proteins. Muraki et al., (2013) have recommended on the consumption of
fruits and vegetables in the diet. They present natural Vitamin C and Vitamin A. Furthermore,
they are the good sources of components like flavonoids, saponins, polyphenols, carotenoids,
isothiocyanates, and several types of dietary fibers.
Health promotion strategies for managing obesity
Ruby’s BMI is quite high, which can be the predisposing factor to her diabetic level and
anxiety. Dietary management in patients are necessary to prevent the uptake of extra calories.
Furthermore, excessive deposition of fat increases the insulin resistance. It has been stated that
increases accumulation of fat in the pancreas causes an accumulation of ceramide that destroys
the pancreatic beta cells and develops insulin resistance in the alpha cells (Smethers & Rolls,
2018). Alteration in the proportion of the macronutrients have been found to be the foundation of
many weight loss. Eating patterns that encourage people to lower the energy density of their diet
will facilitate the weight management. Most of the clinical trials have discussed about the
usefulness of the intake of low energy dense food. This can be met by the consumption of fibrous
food, restricting the intake of fatty foods or carbohydrates (Smethers & Rolls, 2018).
Exercise reduces the insulin resistance by allowing the cell to take up more glucose
during performing the physical activities. Creation of a negative energy balance by decreasing
the calorie consumption and increasing the physical activity has been found to treat obesity(Chin,
Kahathuduwa & Binks,2016). It has been recommended that physical activities like aerobics,
characterised by a low degree of energy density. They not only prevent wait gain, but also brings
about glycaemic control. Moreover, literature recommends to impose restriction on refined
sugars during the digestion of the starches. Again, carbohydrates might also contain some
unhealthy amount of proteins. Muraki et al., (2013) have recommended on the consumption of
fruits and vegetables in the diet. They present natural Vitamin C and Vitamin A. Furthermore,
they are the good sources of components like flavonoids, saponins, polyphenols, carotenoids,
isothiocyanates, and several types of dietary fibers.
Health promotion strategies for managing obesity
Ruby’s BMI is quite high, which can be the predisposing factor to her diabetic level and
anxiety. Dietary management in patients are necessary to prevent the uptake of extra calories.
Furthermore, excessive deposition of fat increases the insulin resistance. It has been stated that
increases accumulation of fat in the pancreas causes an accumulation of ceramide that destroys
the pancreatic beta cells and develops insulin resistance in the alpha cells (Smethers & Rolls,
2018). Alteration in the proportion of the macronutrients have been found to be the foundation of
many weight loss. Eating patterns that encourage people to lower the energy density of their diet
will facilitate the weight management. Most of the clinical trials have discussed about the
usefulness of the intake of low energy dense food. This can be met by the consumption of fibrous
food, restricting the intake of fatty foods or carbohydrates (Smethers & Rolls, 2018).
Exercise reduces the insulin resistance by allowing the cell to take up more glucose
during performing the physical activities. Creation of a negative energy balance by decreasing
the calorie consumption and increasing the physical activity has been found to treat obesity(Chin,
Kahathuduwa & Binks,2016). It has been recommended that physical activities like aerobics,
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4HEALTH CARE
jogging and cycling are good ways to burn calories in line with dietary interventions (Chin,
Kahathuduwa & Binks,2016). Exercises increases the maximum rate of oxygen consumption
leading to oxidation of the carbohydrates. Habitual activity or daily walking activity has also
been useful to manage obesity.
In conclusion, it can be said that pharmacological interventions, relaxation techniques,
proper diets and exercise can be helpful inn controlling diabetes, obesity and anxiety related
issues.
jogging and cycling are good ways to burn calories in line with dietary interventions (Chin,
Kahathuduwa & Binks,2016). Exercises increases the maximum rate of oxygen consumption
leading to oxidation of the carbohydrates. Habitual activity or daily walking activity has also
been useful to manage obesity.
In conclusion, it can be said that pharmacological interventions, relaxation techniques,
proper diets and exercise can be helpful inn controlling diabetes, obesity and anxiety related
issues.
5HEALTH CARE
References
Asif M. (2014). The prevention and control the type-2 diabetes by changing lifestyle and dietary
pattern. Journal of education and health promotion, 3, 1. https://doi.org/10.4103/2277-
9531.127541
Beck, R. W., Riddlesworth, T., Ruedy, K., Ahmann, A., Bergenstal, R., Haller, S., ... & Toschi,
E. (2017). Effect of continuous glucose monitoring on glycemic control in adults with
type 1 diabetes using insulin injections: the DIAMOND randomized clinical trial. Jama,
317(4), 371-378.
Chin, S. H., Kahathuduwa, C. N., & Binks, M. (2016). Physical activity and obesity: what we
know and what we need to know. Obesity Reviews, 17(12), 1226-1244.
https://doi.org/10.1111/obr.12460
Cypress, M., & Tomky, D. (2013). Using self-monitoring of blood glucose in noninsulin-treated
type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Spectrum, 26(2), 102-106.
Frier, B. M. (2014). Hypoglycaemia in diabetes mellitus: epidemiology and clinical implications.
Nature Reviews Endocrinology, 10(12), 711. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrendo.2014.170
Hayes-Skelton, S. A., Roemer, L., Orsillo, S. M., & Borkovec, T. D. (2013). A contemporary
view of applied relaxation for generalized anxiety disorder. Cognitive behaviour therapy,
42(4), 292-302. https://doi.org/10.1080/16506073.2013.777106
References
Asif M. (2014). The prevention and control the type-2 diabetes by changing lifestyle and dietary
pattern. Journal of education and health promotion, 3, 1. https://doi.org/10.4103/2277-
9531.127541
Beck, R. W., Riddlesworth, T., Ruedy, K., Ahmann, A., Bergenstal, R., Haller, S., ... & Toschi,
E. (2017). Effect of continuous glucose monitoring on glycemic control in adults with
type 1 diabetes using insulin injections: the DIAMOND randomized clinical trial. Jama,
317(4), 371-378.
Chin, S. H., Kahathuduwa, C. N., & Binks, M. (2016). Physical activity and obesity: what we
know and what we need to know. Obesity Reviews, 17(12), 1226-1244.
https://doi.org/10.1111/obr.12460
Cypress, M., & Tomky, D. (2013). Using self-monitoring of blood glucose in noninsulin-treated
type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Spectrum, 26(2), 102-106.
Frier, B. M. (2014). Hypoglycaemia in diabetes mellitus: epidemiology and clinical implications.
Nature Reviews Endocrinology, 10(12), 711. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrendo.2014.170
Hayes-Skelton, S. A., Roemer, L., Orsillo, S. M., & Borkovec, T. D. (2013). A contemporary
view of applied relaxation for generalized anxiety disorder. Cognitive behaviour therapy,
42(4), 292-302. https://doi.org/10.1080/16506073.2013.777106
6HEALTH CARE
Hoge, E. A., Bui, E., Marques, L., Metcalf, C. A., Morris, L. K., Robinaugh, D. J., Worthington,
J. J., Pollack, M. H., & Simon, N. M. (2013). Randomized controlled trial of mindfulness
meditation for generalized anxiety disorder: effects on anxiety and stress reactivity. The
Journal of clinical psychiatry, 74(8), 786–792. https://doi.org/10.4088/JCP.12m08083
Khushboo, S. B., & Sharma, B. (2017). Antidepressants: mechanism of action, toxicity and
possible amelioration. J. Appl. Biotechnol. Bioeng, 3, 1-13. DOI:
10.15406/jabb.2017.03.00082
Muraki, I., Imamura, F., Manson, J. E., Hu, F. B., Willett, W. C., van Dam, R. M., & Sun, Q.
(2013). Fruit consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes: results from three prospective
longitudinal cohort studies. Bmj, 347, f5001. doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.f5001
Nguyen, J., & Brymer, E. (2018). Nature-Based Guided Imagery as an Intervention for State
Anxiety. Frontiers in psychology, 9, 1858. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01858
Smethers, A. D., & Rolls, B. J. (2018). Dietary Management of Obesity: Cornerstones of Healthy
Eating Patterns. The Medical clinics of North America, 102(1), 107–124.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mcna.2017.08.009
Hoge, E. A., Bui, E., Marques, L., Metcalf, C. A., Morris, L. K., Robinaugh, D. J., Worthington,
J. J., Pollack, M. H., & Simon, N. M. (2013). Randomized controlled trial of mindfulness
meditation for generalized anxiety disorder: effects on anxiety and stress reactivity. The
Journal of clinical psychiatry, 74(8), 786–792. https://doi.org/10.4088/JCP.12m08083
Khushboo, S. B., & Sharma, B. (2017). Antidepressants: mechanism of action, toxicity and
possible amelioration. J. Appl. Biotechnol. Bioeng, 3, 1-13. DOI:
10.15406/jabb.2017.03.00082
Muraki, I., Imamura, F., Manson, J. E., Hu, F. B., Willett, W. C., van Dam, R. M., & Sun, Q.
(2013). Fruit consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes: results from three prospective
longitudinal cohort studies. Bmj, 347, f5001. doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.f5001
Nguyen, J., & Brymer, E. (2018). Nature-Based Guided Imagery as an Intervention for State
Anxiety. Frontiers in psychology, 9, 1858. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01858
Smethers, A. D., & Rolls, B. J. (2018). Dietary Management of Obesity: Cornerstones of Healthy
Eating Patterns. The Medical clinics of North America, 102(1), 107–124.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mcna.2017.08.009
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