Health Promotion Through the Lifespan

This document discusses the importance of health promotion throughout the lifespan and focuses on the prevalence and importance of diabetes as a health problem. It explores the impact of nature, nurture, and cultural theories on diabetes and provides an overview of interventions and planned activities for diabetes education and management. The document also addresses ethical issues related to the intervention.

HEALTH PROMOTION THROUGH
THE LIFESPAN

TABLE OF CONTENTS
PART 1............................................................................................................................................1
Introduction..................................................................................................................................1
Background..................................................................................................................................1
Health problem............................................................................................................................1
Prevalence and Importance of health problem............................................................................1
Impact of nature, nurture and cultural theories that might impact this health problem...............4
Conclusion...................................................................................................................................4
PART 2............................................................................................................................................5
Introduction..................................................................................................................................5
Background..................................................................................................................................5
Objectives for interventions and planned activities in order to achieve intervention goals........5
Health promotion approach taken for the intervention................................................................6
Evaluation of intervention...........................................................................................................6
Ethical issues for the intervention................................................................................................7
Conclusion...................................................................................................................................7
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................8

PART 1
Introduction
There are various stages that an individual need to go through throughout their lifespan.
There are various factors that that affects development people of an individual throughout their
lifespan (Ogurtsova and et.al., 2017). These factors affect health and well-being of an individual
as most of these developmental processes affect eating habits, relationship with others,
psychological development and physical activities of an individual that can directly/indirectly
impact health of an individual throughout their lifespan.
Background
Illness and injury are one of the main life events that are experienced in late adulthood
(65+ years) which impacts the health in many ways. Main reason behind illness and injury life
event is decreasing muscle strength. In late adulthood individuals require more attention so that
they can maintain their health and wellbeing (Holman, Young and Gadsby, 2015). As a person
enters in his late adulthood it becomes important for them to focus on their health because at this
stage strength of an individual decreases and changes of illness and injury increases because of
which chances of any kind of disease of health problem also increases which further affects
health and well being of an individual.
Health problem
Diabetes is a health issue that affects body’s metabolism and affects the way in which food
is processed by the body for energy. In this it becomes difficult for an individual’s body to
process sugar from food due to which as a result blood glucose level increase. Diabetes is one of
the main, major and series health problem which is faced by many people especially by older
people. As people starts aging or get older chances of having diabetes increases. According to a
research more than 15 percent of world population are suffering from diabetes (Thomas and
et.al., 2018). Out of this more than 30 percent diabetes patients are 65 years and older. According
to experts of world health organization diabetes is the seventh leading cause of death throughout
the world. Because of which many people today especially older people above 65 years spend
most of their time and money on medication and treatment of this health problem.
Prevalence and Importance of health problem
Prevalence of diabetes among older adults is quite high. Almost one third elderly
population of world’s population has diabetes and almost three quarters elderly population of
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world has prediabetes. Most of the prominent age group within this population 65 years or older.
It has been observed that out of this more than 45 percent of diabetes cases are undiagnosed. It
has also been observed that prevalence of self-reported diabetes has increased from 15 percent to
20 percent in last 5 years. As per the reports of world health organization women have higher
chances of getting diabetes as compared to men (Sharma, Nazareth and Petersen, 2016). As
today number of diabetes patients are increasing, slowly awareness for diabetes is also
increasing. Most of the people in their late adulthood focus on their health and wellbeing in order
to remain healthy and free from diabetes.
Figure 1 prevalence of diabetes 60+ years world wide
From the above graph of prevalence of diabeteis graph prevalence of this health problem is
much more in 60 plus years people. Due to poor diabetes control process of aging is exacerbated
due to which health related issues incrrases more in number.
According to a survey shown below prevalence of diabetes in england is average. However
prevaleve rate is increasing year by year. Prevalence of diabetes both by age group and by
ethinicity have been shown below.
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Figure 2 prevalence of diabetes by age group in Europe
Figure 3 prevalence of diabetes by ethnicity.
From all the above graphs it is clear that year by year prevalence of diabetes is increasing
world wide but Europe has comparatively less prevalence as compared to worldwide graph. This
shows that diabetes has become an important health problem issue which is required to be
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focused on or layer emphasis on as it is continuously increasing. It has become extremely
important to control diabetes rate within individual’s and also increase awareness of this health
problem especially in late adulthood as such individuals are at higher risk of suffering from
diabetes.
Impact of nature, nurture and cultural theories that might impact this health problem
As it has already been discussed that diabetes is a rising problem in the world and slowly is
becoming one of the most dangerous disease which is faced by many individuals in the world. It
is an important issue because individuals who suffer from diabetes either have for longer time
period or for whole of their life. From a research it has been found that diabetes is a significant
problem that can be contributed either by the nature or nurture of people’s lives (Diabetes, 2016).
Both nature and nurture are the main root cause of diabetes. It is important to focus on genetic
and environmental issues as they influence both contraction and growth of diabetes condition
within people. Various research has been carried out in this field that suggest that genetic issues
increases changes of getting diabetes and boost diabetes mechanism. Nurture influences
environmental factors which further affects diabetes. According to a research both nurture and
nature affects diabetes by affecting fat, muscle cells, liver as all the three do not respond in a
correct manner die to diabetes. There are various cultural theories that can help in understanding
impact on diabetes. One of the cultural theories that helps in understanding development
guidelines of health issues like diabetes is Leininger's cultural care theory. This theory focuses
on development of clinical practice guidelines for individuals with diabetes. This theory helps in
understanding people’s cultural values, symbols, beliefs which affects diabetes condition among
people.
Conclusion
From the above essay it has been summarized that it is important for each and every
individual to focus on their health, activities and development factors as these factors and
activities affect or influence an individual’s health in many ways. It has also been observed that
out of both nature and nurture have nature have biggest influence on an individual’s health
problem.
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PART 2
Introduction
At different stages of life diabetes health promotions is done in different manner. At early
adulthood promotion of healthy eating habits can be done (Redquest and et.al., 2019). At middle
adulthood physical activities that can help in controlling diabetes can be used as an opportunity
for health promotion. This essay will focus on late adulthood life stage for diabetes health
promotion and Diabetes educational and Diabetes management health campaigns intervention
will be focused on.
Background
Health promotion intervention that will be focused on is Diabetes education and diabetes
management heath campaigns. This intervention will help in making people aware and will
educate them about diabetes (Mohamed, 2019). These educational campaigns will help people to
understand prevalence of diabetes, ways it can be controlled and ways in which one can prevent
themselves from this disease.
Objectives for interventions and planned activities in order to achieve intervention goals
Goal: The main goal of Diabetes education and diabetes management heath campaigns
intervention is to make people aware of prevalence of diabetes, how does it occur and ways in
which it can be controlled and prevented.
Objectives: And main objectives for the intervention (Diabetes education and diabetes
management heath campaigns) in order to achieve goals of the intervention are:
 To promote and contribute surveillance of diabetes, complications related to it, and risk
factors associated with it.
 To contribute and to build capacity for control and prevention of diabetes.
 To increase or raise awareness about diabetes importance as a global public health problem.
 To educate people about different measures through which diabetes can be maintained and
controlled.
These objectives will help in achieving main goal of the intervention (Sengupta, 2018). This
intervention will help in making people or diabetes patients aware about seriousness of this
health condition, how it degrades an individual’s health and ways in which an individual can
maintain their health condition despite of having diabetes for life.
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Health promotion approach taken for the intervention
Diabetes educational and Diabetes management health campaigns intervention
Diabetes education is one of the main cornerstones of diabetes self-care management so
that people can get aware about what diabetes is and how they can manage it. Despite of various
education programs in refining educational interventions, diabetes has continued to remain
substantial. It is becoming difficult for people to understand diabetes. So, it is important to focus
on diabetes educational and Diabetes management health campaign interventions. This
intervention will help people to learn to control their blood glucose level in order to control their
diabetes. For this it is important to organize diabetes management health campaigns.
Government should organization health campaigns to increase awareness about diabetes and
make people educate about diabetes (Richards Adams and et.al., 2019). In these health
campaigns many physicians and health care professionals should also focus on participating in
such campaigns and focus on educating people about effectiveness of medication, effectiveness
of physical activity, provide dietary guidelines that should be followed by diabetes patients and
modifications that such patients should bring within their lifestyle in order to control this disease
or health problem. This will help the patients and their caretakers to increase their knowledge,
awareness about diabetes. There are two main benefits of this intervention: first is that this
intervention will help in increase awareness about diabetes and second it will also help in
decreasing mortality rate of individuals who suffer from diabetes.
Evaluation of intervention
Sustainability and improvement of a health intervention completely depend upon the
ability to identify key components of the intervention that are effective that increases success of
an intervention. Evaluation of this health promotion intervention can be done in following ways:
First of all, it is important to collect all the data or information related to diabetes, its
importance and its prevalence so that government or organizations can access complete current
situation diabetes within individual’s. This will help them to understand all the key factors or
points that are required to be focused and included (Sharp, Sobal and Wethington, 2019). This
will also help the organizations or government to outline the type of campaign, measures they
need to focus on and main aim and goal of the intervention. This is one of the main step based on
which evaluation of this intervention can be done.
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Second step is to focus on methods based on which organizing of the campaign will be
done. In this step different types of methods are studies, advantages and disadvantages of each
method is done. Study of the method will help the organization or government to understand
their target audience of the intervention, calculate the sample size, evaluation of total
expenditure. It is another important factor based on which success or failure of an intervention is
based.
Third step will focus on asking for feedbacks for the health promotion intervention based
on which changes within planning and implementation of the campaign will be done. This will
increase changes of success of the intervention.
All the above steps will help in evaluation of success or failure of intervention program.
Ethical issues for the intervention
There are various kinds of ethical issues related to Diabetes educational and Diabetes
management health campaigns intervention. These ethical issues are mainly faced by healthcare
professionals. One of the main ethical issue faced by the government or professionals is that
most of the pharmaceutical’s companies have stopped production of cheaper medicines and most
of the4 medicines of diabetes as well as insulin used in this are much costlier. This is one of the
main ethical issue as due to such costly medicines people try to ignore diabetes medicines.
Another ethical issue for this intervention non availability of generic testing of diabetes. Due to
such costly tests many people try to ignore diabetes test which can become of the main and
prominent cause of failure of the diabetes interventions.
Conclusion
From the above essay it has been summarized that Diabetes educational and Diabetes
management health campaigns intervention is one of the most efficient and effective intervention
that can help in promotion of diabetes and increase awareness about this disease.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Diabetes, U.K., 2016. What is type 2 diabetes. Accessed. 17. p.16.
Holman, N., Young, B. and Gadsby, R., 2015. Current prevalence of Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes
in adults and children in the UK. Diabetic Medicine. 32(9). pp.1119-1120.
Mohamed, Y.I., 2019. Analysis and Intervention for Sugar Consumption in South Africa.
Mediterranean Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences (MJBAS) Volume. 3. pp.152-158.
Ogurtsova, K., and et.al., 2017. IDF Diabetes Atlas: Global estimates for the prevalence of
diabetes for 2015 and 2040. Diabetes research and clinical practice. 128 pp.40-50.
Redquest, B., and et.al., 2019. Diabetes Related Health Promotion in Adults with Intellectual and
Developmental Disabilities in Canada. Canadian Journal of Diabetes.
Richards Adams, I.K., and et.al., 2019. An Examination of Demographic and Psychosocial
Factors, Barriers to Healthy Eating, and Diet Quality Among African American Adults.
Nutrients. 11(3). p.519.
Sengupta, M., 2018. Sustainable Livelihoods-Educational Interventions. Techno International
Journal of Health, Engineering, Management and Science (TIJHEMS).
Sharma, M., Nazareth, I. and Petersen, I., 2016. Trends in incidence, prevalence and prescribing
in type 2 diabetes mellitus between 2000 and 2013 in primary care: a retrospective cohort
study. BMJ open. 6(1). p.e010210.
Sharp, D., Sobal, J. and Wethington, E., 2019. Do adults draw differently-sized meals on larger
or smaller plates? Examining plate size in a community sample. Food quality and
preference. 74. pp.72-77.
Thomas, N.J., and et.al., 2018. Frequency and phenotype of type 1 diabetes in the first six
decades of life: a cross-sectional, genetically stratified survival analysis from UK
Biobank. The lancet Diabetes & endocrinology. 6(2). pp.122-129.
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