Health Promotion

Health Promotion
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CONTENTS
Contents...........................................................................................................................................2
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
MAIN BODY..................................................................................................................................3
Q1 Using specific ‘intervention examples’, discuss how ‘The Acheson report’ was broadly
influenced by the Alma Atta declaration of 1978........................................................................3
Q2 The key/relevant theories and concepts that will inform health promotion approaches for
reducing the prevalence of smoking in pregnant women’...........................................................6
Q3 Plan, implement and evaluate about key health promotion programs for reducing the
prevalence of smoking during pregnancy..................................................................................10
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................13
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................14
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INTRODUCTION
Health promotion is defined as the process through which people are being enabled to
increase their control over and improve their health for a better living. This mainly focuses
toward encouraging people as well as community to adopt healthy behaviour and make changes
in their habits to avoid developing the risk of chronic diseases and other morbidities. The current
report is based over the case study of the Acheson report published in 1998 about model of
health. Addition to this it also includes a case study of NHS about smoking among women
during pregnancy. This address detail about theories for health promotion in order to reduce the
prevalence of smoking among women. Other than this it also contain detail about creating a
health promotion, plan, implementation and its evaluation on theme ‘reducing the prevalence of
smoking during pregnancy’.
MAIN BODY
Q1 Using specific ‘intervention examples’, discuss how ‘The Acheson report’ was broadly
influenced by the Alma Atta declaration of 1978
The Acheson report, completely titled Independent Enquiry into Inequalities in Health Report
was published in year 1998 through United Kingdom enquiry. Similar to earlier reports in United
Kingdom on health disparities involving the Whitehall Study and the Black Report, Acheson
report depicts existence of disparities in health along with their relationship to social class. The
report finds out that despite an entire download in trend of mortality from year 1970 to year
1990, the high social classes experienced speedy mortality decline. 39 policy suggestions are
included in the report in areas from taxation to agriculture, for improving disparities in health
(Asaria, 2016).
The Acheson report was compared by professor Clare Bambra in year 2016 with earlier
Black Report as well as the later report through Michael Marmot. Then either, the Acheson
report was proclaimed in to more constructive climate. Between year 1997 and 2003, the policy
of health across the United Kingdom reflected some ideas developed in Acheson and Black
reports. A consistent focus was there on requirement to tackle economic and social
determinants of inequalities in health and commitment to using cross cutting policies of
government to handle health inequality. By year 2004, National targets to decline the inequalities
in health were also presented with an emphasis on infant mortality rate and life
expectancy. Many initiatives were presented - health improvement programmes, healthy living
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centres, new deal for communities and health action zones. But, perhaps due to these initiatives,
from year 2004 to 2007, the policy related to public health moved away from economic and
social determinants and instead emphasizes on lifestyle behaviours and health services. The
targets of health inequalities were abandoned across the United Kingdom in 2011. And in
reducing health inequality, the effect of policy was modest (Bell, Friel, and Marmot, 2016).
The Alma Ata declaration in year 1978 emerged as key milestone of 20th century in public
health area as well as this declaration identified Primary Health Care as a major source to
accomplish the goal of health for all. The excerpts from this declaration are discussed below:
 The existing gross inequality in status of health of individuals specifically between
developing and developed Nations and within Nations which is economically, socially
and politically unacceptable and is, thus, of common concern to all Nations.
 The conference reaffirms that the state of complete social, mental and physical wellbeing,
and not only the absence of infirmity or disease, i.e., health is the fundamental right of
human and its attainment is the most crucial social goal all over the world whose
realization needs actions of other economic and social factors along with health sector
(Scott, 2016).
 The Primary Health Care based on socially acceptable, scientifically sound and practical
methods is important health care and technology made it accessible to families and
individuals in community universally by their complete participation and at cost which
the country and community can effort in order to maintain at each step of their
development in self-determination and self-reliance spirit. It forms important part of its
central function and health system of country and of complete economic and social
development of community.
 It is the responsibility of government to ensure health of individuals which can be
accomplished only through provision of adequate social and health measures. In the
coming decades, the key target of international organisation, community all over the
world and governments must be the accomplishment by all individuals of the world a
level of health by year 2000 which will permit them to lead economically and socially
productive life.
 The individuals have the duty and right to participate collectively and individually in in
planning and execution of their health care (Mabhala, 2015).
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