Health Promotion: Strategies, Barriers, and Impact on Community Health

This article discusses health promotion strategies, barriers, and impact on community health. It covers topics such as community needs assessment, maternal mortality among Torres islanders in Australia, and the role of cultural practices and beliefs in health promotion.

HEALTH PROMOTION

Answer-1
Health promotion helps to enhance health of population by addressing the interrelated
several determinants of health in various settings. Few strategies have been implemented for
promoting health. Some barriers are high poverty rates that can make it difficult to pay their
participants for the programs. Few social determinants are income level, race, ethnicity, health
literacy, lack of basic amenities such as clean water, and unsafe housing, which finally
contributes to the social factors that will impact health. This impact has been compounding by
the barriers presented at the rural areas limited by the public transportation options (Chung,
2016). Further differences are related to income, employment, educational attainment, race,
ethnicity, sexual orientation, gender identity, inadequate infrastructure that will finally ensure
public assurance, allowance to media and promotional wellness. Cultural and social norms have
been surrounded by the health behaviors (Chung, 2016). Lower health literacy, educational
disparities, limited affordable, reliability, and unemployment, lack of access to the healthy
products, physical activity, and undecided working hours. Health promotion is taking action on
certain determinants while reducing the risk factors and increase the health community in the
whole community. It is socio-environmental approach facing the root causes of illness. Some of
the important barriers that do not allow them is the lack of financial funding from the
government authority, social barriers could include limited access for the few minority groups,
lack of coordination efforts, and health community so that it can have necessary programs for
success. For example- not to develop any personal skills where people can have huge control
over the lives, not to strengthen community action, and reorienting the health services (Feltner,
Peterson, Weber, Cluff, Schwimmer, Viswanathan, & Lohr, 2016).

Answer-2
When developing and implementing health plan in a systematic manner and effective
manner, it is important to deal with the issues and concerns for people involved for the settings
where people conduct the activities. Health issues, population issue, and the settings issue are
three main cornerstone of health plan. This section will rely on the unethical issues that relate to
main goals in order to achieve better health. Health promotion is quite significant in regards to
the changes in the people`s lifestyle and it is related to what are the main goals for the public
health practices to define whether good are distributed among the population, how they can use
these to achieve and distribute goods and also the main goals should be achieved. These concerns
are related to health promotion divided into two efficient consideration that include efficacy
based consideration and autonomy based concerns. Several projects aimed to change people`s
behavior and their lifestyle in order to enhance health care. Top-down, coercive, legislative
interventions, wear seatbelts and the crashed helmets have been succeeded as it has fiscal
policies and taxing alcohol in the Nordic countries. Health promotion includes range of
intervention, between availing information with the help of persuasion, education, shaping of
existing norms, coercion, and shifting of preferences (Feltner, Peterson, Weber, Cluff,
Schwimmer, Viswanathan, & Lohr, 2016). Certain behavioral changes and approaches have few
lifestyle goals such as smoking, increased physical activity, informing something, manipulating,
targeting the groups, and means to impact target group and then influencing, persuading and
informing them. Health strategies are not enough respect the person`s right to autonomy and
liberty. One of the main features of persuasion is the reason where everyone compromises the
persuasive appeal that exist at the independence of the persuader conveying the use of structured
arguments. Manipulation is a deliberate action which can successfully affect influence people by
altering the non-persuasively understanding of situation modifying the perception of options

available. For example- Policy development among the population health have increasingly built
as the responsibilities to prior the policy initiatives with similar purpose known to improve and
maintain the health conditions of Canadians. With various features of population related to health
policy, it is quite fruitful to foresee the population health as their framework in order to think
regarding the economic and social forces, which will shape the citizen`s health. It has built long
tradition of the public health, promotion, and going beyond more traditional focusing on
individual as biological, medical, and other lifestyle issues. Canadian institute for the advanced
research has certainly played a major role in leadership while building its framework. It is seen
that framework of population health is relatively work in progress. Several elements are clear
and other might be fully developed. It is a detailed model which finds and specifies certain cause
of good health rather than enabling to predict the impact on health of certain economic and social
conditions (Eldredge, Markham, Ruiter, Fernández, Kok, & Parcel, 2016). With an effective
example of Canadians, health Canada enables initiatives, which will incorporate population
certain health approaches in several areas such as population health regional mobilization
strategy and population health funding. As the outcome of the current population related to
health activities, health Canada have developed certain case studies to analyze and document few
application of population health approached to the policy, practice and research. Department is
quite aware where the projects are not just in health but other sectors that have been using some
elements of health approaches (Batterham, Hawkins, Collins, Buchbinder, & Osborne, 2016).
Answer-3
Community needs assessment finds the strengths and other resources available with
community in order to meet the wants and needs of youth, families, and children. Types of needs
include felt needs, agency needs or organization needs, and express needs. Felt needs are the
individual`s wants and needs that are owned by majority and groups in the community. In the

consideration of health promotion, needs are the beliefs of people around regarding the extent
with the nature of health issues, their cause and certain possibilities for the prevention with cure
(Ahn, 2015). This is under the influence of people previous experience and these are culture,
understanding of biology, and education. Express needs have moved the level of felt to being
under the consideration of several levels by complaints, requests, and petitions. Further, other
needs include product decision enabling from several external companies to community.
Companies determined certain needs that has been determined by the external companies such as
department of community development and ministry of health. Assessment of community needs
is a procedure regarding the finding out local health issue with social, cultural and economic
factors in finding the available needs in resolving the issue. Health workers play an important
role in assessing the needs by collecting the information with a way to organize sessions in while
discussing health needs and community needs. It will conduct regular health education actions in
order to create awareness of certain health issues. Health workers will hold meetings with certain
groups, opinion leaders, and chiefs to discuss on health issues. These workers conduct regular
meetings with groups such as unmarried girl, young men, mothers, and fathers in order to discuss
specific health issues. Other important needs include user needs such as users of health facilities.
While collecting and implementing the policies, health workers will have to collect, review,
establish with chiefs and community members. Research about the social amenities such as
school, place of convenience, hospital, assess the financial status of people, and assess the human
resources status. Health workers will collect the information regarding the source of refuse
disposal and sources of water supply (Batterham, Hawkins, Collins, Buchbinder, & Osborne,
2016). It gathers number of health facilities, source of finance for certain health facilities,
logistics supply and community support. The health programs have been functioned in the

community to check the action plan, ask regarding the extent of doing work, and check the plan
accordingly, ask for the extension of the work, check for the plans in sustaining the program with
community support. This assessment is related to the capabilities of citizen, community and
organizations. This assessment is limited to compilation of the demographic data from the results
of the surveys, informal feedback from the community partners (Ahn, 2015). Assessment may
expand to include group discussion, interviews, town meetings, telephone and surveys to partner
with community and partnership. For example- Australian government has been committed to
enhance the quality of health (Shi, Poorisat, & Salmon, 2018). Australian government has been
engaged with main stakeholders, ABS, AIHW and state government to enhance the quality of
health. Health performance frameworks have prioritized data development linked to the policy
goals (Dumitrescu, 2016). In 20909, the COAG has committed to range of activities to enhance
the quality of Toress islanders inclusive of commitment of $46.4 million for the last four years
under NIRA. Strategies formulation and implementation includes key datasets to undertake the
work that has been outlined under the schedule “F” in the alliance of AIHW and ABS. in 2010-
2011, the Australian government has conducted $1.25 million projects with an aim to enhance
the health concerns of Torres islanders and Aboriginals. A main project developed with a suit of
resources and partnered with all the health services to find and grasp local barriers to undertake
and identify targeting approaches towards improvements. CanDAD is providing Aboriginal
patients experiences with the career services to follow continuous improvements, advocacy,
research, community engagement, and training aboriginal’s findings (Lupton, 2015).
Answer-4
One of the major issue found among the Torres islanders “maternal mortality” in
Australia. It will help to evaluate planning and certain implementation of health promotion. This
will lead to formation of programs and finally analyze the gaps (Lupton, 2015). History and

politics have certainly shaped to live and health of Torres islanders. Family disruption and social
complexity have been continuously effect of the government policies contributed to Aboriginals
having worst health status of the identifiable group in Australia. In 2014, there were registered
births nearly 5.3 percent of babies have one or either two parents that find Torres islanders and
4.2 percent of mothers are aboriginals (Lupton, 2015). It is seen that there were disproportionate
burden adverse to the outcome for Aboriginals and Torres mothers and the children as compared
to other non-indigenous mothers inclusive of increasing maternal mortality rate. Cultural
practices, needs, wants of the Aboriginals may vary from culture to culture, respect for the views
and other beliefs of women and the local communities as per their needs (Government of
Canada, 2019). Moreover, aboriginals overview a holistic view of several strengths and
wellbeing, which is influenced by relying on positive influence. This included a support
extended family network, art, music, active cultural practices, and connection to the country
(Australian Government department of Prime Minister and cabinet, 2018). The diverse reasons
and events are quite common are socio-cultural factors, health factors, lower educational levels,
lower income, increasing rate of incarcerations. The government has encroached to improve
women`s experience such as by creating a comfortable physical space, take time in order to
establish trust, availing continuously regarding career, availing privacy, have some knowledge
and endeavors to have flexible schedule of appointments (Australian Government department of
health, 2018). Evaluation of programs include practicing of midwifery group, midwifery
continuity care, time constraints in hospital, lack of flexibility, lack of continuous care, and lack
of support regarding 24 hours from the Aboriginals workforce (COMMUNITY NEEDS
ASSESSMENT, 2013). After the implication of aboriginals Maternity Group practice program, it
is seen that babies born in program that are significantly less to be born preterm and

contemporary controls (adjusted odds 9.1 percent v/s 15.9 percent in the historical controls).
Analysis of qualitative data from the interviews and surveys have found to have positive impact
on level of cultural appropriate care including health care services, especially in hospitals that is
an two feature learning. After the application of AMIHS, it is seen that the rate of babies have
declined. Breastfeeding rates have been improved and the rate of preterm births have been
decreased (Australian Government department of Prime Minister and cabinet, 2018).

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