Health Promotion: Planning & Evaluation

This assignment delves into the crucial aspects of planning and evaluating health promotion programs. It utilizes the Intervention Mapping approach for developing effective interventions, drawing upon theoretical frameworks and evidence-based practices. The importance of program evaluation is highlighted, incorporating various methods to assess impact and guide future improvements. References from reputable sources like John Wiley & Sons, McGraw Hill, and Elsevier Health Sciences support the content.

Health Promotion

TABLE OF CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION
The health promotion is an effective part of health of people so that they may live healthy
and may not be driven away by the diseases. The enclosed report deals with the promotion of
health related activities which are of important part related to health of people. There are various
diseases such as diabetes, high cholesterol and heart diseases (Eldredge and et.al, 2016). These
disorders can lead to deterioration of entire health and as such, health promotion plays an
essential role in reducing the chances of these diseases in public and spreading healthy
environment. Health promotion has several theories which guides the people to live healthy and
change their attitude towards unhealthy living style.
TASK 1
(1.1) Discuss effects of socio-economic influences on health
The health state is evaluated by assessing whether a disease is found in person and is
driven by the belief that cures for diseases is to found out so that individual remain healthy and
fit in the country as it is given in the study. Health promotion is very necessary in today's
scenario as lot of people are in contact of dangerous diseases that are deteriorating their health
(Defining health promotion and Disease prevention, 2014). Health disorders are avoidable but
are influenced by socio-economic factors.
Social factors deteriorates health such as tobacco use, diet and physical activities. These
should be stopped so that people may live prosperous and healthy life with their beloved.
Another factors such as high cholesterol, high blood pressure are consequence of bad health on
people. Also, from the case study, it can be seen that family planning is not promoted and as
such it eradicates good health. The main socio-economic factor is consumption of alcohol and
drugs which are ill effects on health. This reduces the potential of the body in negative way.
Economic factors includes poverty, low educational status which also leads to bad health.
Exposure to unequal health risks begin from inception and continues throughout the life and then
finally leaves individual vulnerable to harmful diseases. The government has taken various steps
regarding promotion by recognising unsustainability of long term health and there is a need for
people to take responsibility to promote their own health.
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(1.2) Outline government reports on inequalities in health in relation to family planning
Family planning refers to planning of birth of children so that population is controlled. It
is essential as couples anticipate and effectively make emphasis on family planning . It is
required so that population does not increase. Family planning is accomplished by use of
contraceptive methods and treatment of involuntary infertility (Bauman and Nutbeam, 2013). It
reduces need for unsafe abortion. It is also beneficial as adolescent pregnancies are reduced too
much extent.
Government reports shows that there is rapid rise in unintended births. Many urban
women state that they have more children than it should have. The rise in unintended birth is
increasing poverty rate in country and as a result, people cannot feed their children. According to
the report, nearly 33 % of women of reproductive age is rapidly increasing. This influences even
more rapid population growth in urban areas and makes provision of health even more
challenging than earlier. As it is seen in case study that family planning is ignored.
Reports shows that every one in every three women ages 15 to 49 who live urban areas
are not benefited by contraceptive methods. It is growing as demand for family planning is
increasing in urban population. Millions of women with unmet needs and wants for contraceptive
directly contributes to over population and infant and maternal death.
(1.3) Discuss possible barriers to people in accessing health care
The possible barriers are as follows:
1. Social and economic status-
Lower social status and economic status can act as hurdle in accessing health care.
Communication can be misguided due to differences in social status between care provider and
minority service users. These act as a barrier on service user's perceptions towards use of health
care services.
2. Unhealthy conditions-
Unhealthy conditions act as barrier especially when mothers are pregnant. Insecurity
involves bad health on life of pregnant mother and which is a potential barrier. If prenatal clinics
are situated in unsafe environments, attendance of mothers will be very low (Edelman, Mandle
and Kudzma, 2013). To improve number of mothers, protection is needed to provide safe
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environment so that child may not face any complexions. As it can be seen in case study that
there is poor living conditions.
3. Life style-
Poor health state can be due to life style which includes drug addiction and alcohol
consumption which can be found in the case study. People eating high fat foods in regular diets
may also be a reason for uneven health.
4. Lack of Communication-
Ineffective or lack of communication is another hurdle in deteriorating health of people.
As, the communication between patients and practitioners do not exist effectively, this acts as a
major barrier as no clarity is observed between them because of lack of communication (Neiger
and et.al, 2012). The problem of lack of effective communication caused by language problems
leads to frustration in patients. Communication between two people should be adequate as it is
lacking in the given scenario regarding family planning
TASK 2
(2.1) Analyse links which is between strategies of government and beatties' model of health
promotion
The strategies of government and models of health promotion has a direct link in between
them. Beatties' model has identified three parts of health promotion which includes health
persuasion, personal counselling and community development. Beatties' model proposes physical
analysis of methodologies of health promotion. This model provides advice and suggestion by
protecting that the accurate evidence is accessible to people so that they make a knowledgable
choice. This model establishes structural analysis of health promotion approaches. This model
explains that aforesaid three parameters are generated from the authoritative and negotiated way.
Most of health promotion involving suggestions are provided by practitioners to the patients in
this health promotion case (Golden and Earp, 2012).
The important purpose of government strategies with health promotion model is to
eradicate the ill effects of drinking of alcohol and smoking so that these issues can be solved too
much extent. The department of health controls these kinds of affairs. This department handles
and has six degrees to decrease smoking degrees. This approach is dedicated to prevent smoking
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to smokers so that they may leave it as soon as possible to live a healthy life. This smoke free
policy restricts smokers to intake cigarettes as tax is levied heavily on it so that person may not
purchase and as a result they may live healthy life.
(2.2) Evaluate role that the different professionals in health and social care have on meeting
health promotion targets
Health care professionals means a unique who gives preventive and curative health
awareness on deliberately and purposely to people. He might work inside surgery or maternity
care or in pharmaceutical firms (Ayo, 2012). The health cares professional workers are
accountable and responsible for delivering the government policies to the public for their better
health perspective. He will encourage mothers to quite smoking during pregnancies and
promoting good health of masses on behalf of government.
Health care professionals have to coordinate by the help of local groups to get mothers
out of smoking habits of mothers during pregnancies. They also need to coordinate with groups
to remove drinking habits of mothers. To improvised health promotion, campaigns are organised
for staff around termination of smoking and drinking habits. These people can support on
assortment of smoking and drinking prevention activities.
Next essential part of their role is to track and then monitoring smokers so that this habit
is eradicated. There role is to eradicate smoking and drinking habits in pregnant women so that
they may not harm their as well as infant health. They try to reduce the rates of smoking and
drinking in mothers so that it may not negatively affect the health of infants and as such, they
may live healthy and fit.
(2.3) Explain the role of routines in health promotion
A healthy routine is multi action process which consists of exercises, dying patterns and
other factors. The adoptions and conclusions that are made in individual's life originated from
person's ability to become a thinker. Healthy routine consists of areas of growth in life which can
be modified and industrialised and occupied with no experiments (Sharma, 2016). People have to
keep proper food patterns and should avoid unhealthy practices such as drinking and smoking
which deteriorates the health of them in then manner which gives rise to various diseases.
Saying no to fast food can be beneficial for preserving the health. Regular workout can
help to reduce the chances of sickness such as diabetes, cardiac syndromes and high blood
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pressure. Well lifestyle of mothers is also important so that no complications are observed in
delivery of child.
Living healthy is quite essential so that no diseases are contaminated. Body mass index
is very vital concept that the health professional workers need to promote to public. Promoting
healthy life style, mainly for mothers and infants is the assurance strategy for lifelong good
health and well being of people (Chou and et.al, 2013). Regular physical activities is quite useful
for a healthy progress and development and health of children so that they may remain fit. Also,
having healthy meals can reduce and eradicate obesity which means reducing the threat of
diabetes, kidney disease and high cholesterol level.
TASK 3
(3.1) Discuss theories of health behaviour and explain how health beliefs are transformed into
behaviour by using stages of change model
Health behaviour is directly related to the arrogances and beliefs of the persons. Various
theories have been developed in relation to health behaviour to make changes in health of people
in totality. The theories underline to understand different models. The various theories are as
follows:
1. Protection incentive theory-
This theory represents liabilities, harshness or rudeness and panic related to threat
evaluation. It also involves reaction usefulness connected to copying consideration.
2. Self efficacy-
This theory states that individual's belief that he will be able to successfully accomplish
the tasks which are allotted to him (Rongen and et.al, 2013). He believes that essential element in
accomplishing tasks requires nothing but confidence in him that he will do the task efficiently
and successfully. If individual perceives and believes that something is not possible then he will
not attempt that task because of low level of confidence in him.
3. Theory of planned behaviour-
This theory is quite essential in promoting health in people. It links one's behaviour and
beliefs. The theory states that attitude towards behaviour, perceived behavioural control together
shapes person's beliefs and behaviour (Head and et.al, 2013). This is important on relation to
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health promotion so that people's behaviour can be changed and they may live healthy and
change their attitudes towards health.
These theories help masses to understand that health is very essential so that they may
live healthy.
(3.2) Outline effects of conflicts that can happen in local industry regarding health promotion.
The potential effects of conflicts related to tobacco industry are various. Government
strategies to reduce tobacco consumption among people include high excise tax, preventing
tobacco industries from promoting in mass media among other measures. This reduces their
profits as high taxation is levied which leads to more price of the tobacco products which will
prevent consumers to purchase it. This will lower down their revenue at large margin. This
brings conflict where companies cannot advertise and sell their products at more taxes.
Potential conflicts is also observed in alcohol industries. Government levies taxes on it so
that customers may not purchase leading to less and ineffective sales. Government also enacts
certain laws and regulation from time to time which emerges as a major conflicts to companies.
Companies have to manufacture according to guidelines of government else it may lead to
closure down of their industries.
Conflicts may also observed in food industries. The food industries have to follow and
abide by various nutrition levels in manufacturing its products. It should be up to mark and
guidelines of government have to be followed by them. It imparts conflicts as constantly major
changes and alterations are being made in food industries and they have to abide by them. Also,
various information relate to product's ingredient as well as amount of it needs to printed on that
so that consumers may read this information to assess to purchase it or not (Cragg, 2013). This
brings conflicts in them as several rules have to be followed.
(3.3) Discuss importance of health related information to public.
The importance of providing health related information to public is explained below:
1. Preventing from diseases-
It is essential to public that health related information is being provided to them. It helps
them to prevent from diseases through effective medicines as well as educate them to prevent
from diseases like high cholesterol, diabetes and high blood pressure.
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2. Avoid health disorders-
The information provided to the public will help them to eradicate the health disorders so
that they may live healthy and fit (Kemppainen, Tossavainen and Turunen, 2013). In case study,
smoking can be avoided so that health disorder like cancer may not evolved around them.
3. Adopting healthy living-
The information related to health can be useful to public about various healthy living
methods and practices. These practices will make people conscious of adopting healthy living in
order to reduce chances of various dangerous health disorders.
4. Reducing social conflicts-
When people are not financially strong then such situation can lead to conflicts among
family. In addition, smoking and drinking persons will lose their mental condition. So, health
related campaign will be able to minimise conflicts by improving financial stability and mental
rest.
TASK 4
covered in poster
CONCLUSION
Hereby it can be concluded that government and people should be able to understand the
health related benefits which are required so that they all may live healthy life. Healthy life is
necessary so that they may not be under contact of disorders such as high cholesterol, cardiac
strokes and high sugar level. It is required that health promotion campaigns should be utilised so
that it may attract large number of people at one glance. Health promotion strategies should be
formulated accordingly so that health promotion campaigns can be successfully accomplished
by attracting masses. Media plays key strategy of health promotion as it can connect people at
large basis and highlights the ill effects and negative effects of smoking, alcohol to people and
such it impacts people. It successfully impacts and influence public so that they remain far away
from this health deteriorating habits. It is required that government also levy heavy taxes to
cigarettes so that people may not purchase and they remain healthy in totality.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Eldredge, L.K.B. and et.al, 2016. Planning health promotion programs: an intervention mapping
approach. John Wiley & Sons.
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Bauman, A. and Nutbeam, D., 2013. Evaluation in a nutshell: a practical guide to the evaluation
of health promotion programs. McGraw Hill.
Edelman, C. L., Mandle, C. L. and Kudzma, E. C., 2013. Health Promotion Throughout the Life
Span-E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences.
Neiger, B. L. and et.al, 2012. Use of social media in health promotion: purposes, key
performance indicators, and evaluation metrics. Health promotion practice.13(2).
pp .159-164.
Golden, S. D. and Earp, J.A.L., 2012. Social ecological approaches to individuals and their
contexts: twenty years of health education & behavior health promotion
interventions.Health Education & Behavior. 39(3). pp .364-372.
Ayo, N., 2012. Understanding health promotion in a neoliberal climate and the making of health
conscious citizens. Critical public health. 22(1). pp .99-105.
Sharma, M., 2016. Theoretical foundations of health education and health promotion. Jones &
Bartlett Publishers.
Chou, W.Y.S. and et.al, 2013. Web 2.0 for health promotion: reviewing the current
evidence.American journal of public health. 103(1). pp .e9-e18.
Rongen, A. and et.al, 2013. Workplace health promotion: a meta-analysis of
effectiveness. American journal of preventive medicine. 44(4). pp .406-415.
Head, K. J. and et.al, 2013. Efficacy of text messaging-based interventions for health promotion:
a meta-analysis. Social Science & Medicine. 97. pp .41-48.
Cragg, L. ed., 2013. Health promotion theory. McGraw-Hill Education (UK).
Kemppainen, V., Tossavainen, K. and Turunen, H., 2013. Nurses' roles in health promotion
practice: an integrative review. Health Promotion International. 28(4). pp .490-501.
Online
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Defining health promotion and Disease prevention, 2014 [Online] Available Through:
<https://www.ruralhealthinfo.org/community-health/health-promotion/1/definition>
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