Enhancing Health, Safety & Environmental Plans of Royal Dutch Shell in Oil Production

This research evaluates the effectiveness of the policies about environmental as well as health safety adopted by Royal Dutch Shell. The section covers the concept of environmental impact of oil and gas production, occupational injuries, risk factors and health and safety management policies in the oil and gas industry. The section also discusses the implementation of the PDCA cycle and occupational safety and health management system in the industry. Finally, the section covers other practices to improve the health and safety of workers in the oil and gas industry.

Running head: HEALTH, SAFETY & ENVIRONMENTAL PLANS IN OIL PRODUCTION
Enhancing Health, Safety and Environmental Plans of Royal Dutch Shell in Oil Production
Name of the Student: - Olufemi Salami
Student ID:-42943
Module Leader: - Christian Koch
University: - Greenwich School of Management

1HEALTH, SAFETY & ENVIRONMENTAL PLANS IN OIL PRODUCTION
Abstract
Organizational health, safety and environmental management are important for providing a safe
and secured workplace. However, oil and gas industry workers face some major issues in
working at the workplace. In this perspective, it is important to evaluate the safety and health
taken by the Royal Dutch Shell within of 2006-2015 that is performed in the present study. In
addition, how effective will the policies for the employees in the workplace is the research
question taken. The research consists five chapters such as introduction, review of literature,
research methodology, data analysis and findings and conclusion.

2HEALTH, SAFETY & ENVIRONMENTAL PLANS IN OIL PRODUCTION
Acknowledgment
Conduction of the research has been the most enriching experience of my life. The research has
improved my knowledge base and analytical skill. The research would not have been possible to
complete without the guidance of my faculties and peers. I would like to thank my
supervisor……………. for consistent help and guidance. Finally, I would like to thank the
clients. The support of all people has been inspiring and enlightening in the process of research.
Thanks and regards,
Yours Sincerely,

3HEALTH, SAFETY & ENVIRONMENTAL PLANS IN OIL PRODUCTION
Table of Contents
Chapter 1: Introduction........................................................................................................7
1.1 Introduction................................................................................................................7
1.5 Background of the study............................................................................................7
1.2 Problem statement.....................................................................................................8
1.3 Aims and objectives of the study.............................................................................10
1.3.1 Aims of the study..................................................................................................10
1.3.2 Objectives of the study.........................................................................................10
1.4 Research Question...................................................................................................10
1.6 Rationale of the study..............................................................................................11
1.7 Structure of the study...............................................................................................12
Chapter 2: Literature review..............................................................................................13
2.1 Introduction..............................................................................................................13
2.2 Overview of environmental impact caused for oil and gas production...................13
2.3 Workplace health and safety models.......................................................................14
2.3 Enhancing Health, Safety and Environmental Plans in Oil Production industry....16
2.4 Risk and Hazard associated in oil and Gas industry................................................17
2.5 Occupational safety and health risk management...................................................18
2.6 Implementation of PDCA cycle...............................................................................18
2.7 Occupational safety and health management system..............................................20
2.8 Other practices to improve the health and safety of the workers within oil and Gas
industry......................................................................................................................................22
2.9 Summary..................................................................................................................24
Chapter 3: Research methodology.....................................................................................26
3.1 Introduction..............................................................................................................26
3.3 Research philosophy................................................................................................26
3.4 Research approach...................................................................................................27
3.5 Research design.......................................................................................................28
3.6 Data collection method............................................................................................28
3.7 Data analysis method...............................................................................................29
3.8 Timetable.................................................................................................................29
3.9 Summary..................................................................................................................29
Chapter 4: Data analysis and findings...............................................................................30
4.1 Introduction..............................................................................................................30
4.2 Qualitative analysis..................................................................................................30
4.3 Summary..................................................................................................................36
Chapter 5: Conclusion and recommendations...................................................................37
5.1 Conclusion...............................................................................................................37
5.2 Recommendations....................................................................................................37
5.3 Limitations and future scopes..................................................................................38
References......................................................................................................................39
Appendix........................................................................................................................42

4HEALTH, SAFETY & ENVIRONMENTAL PLANS IN OIL PRODUCTION

5HEALTH, SAFETY & ENVIRONMENTAL PLANS IN OIL PRODUCTION
Chapter 1: Introduction
1.1 Introduction
Keprate and Ratnayake (2016) stated that oil exploration as well as the activities has an
impact on environment positively as well as negatively. The impact is in terms of quality and
quantity of biodiversity in the physical environment. However, it is varied in scale as well as bas
on the biodiversity involved with the procedure. Primary and secondary are the types of impact
categorized.. As much as the production of oil produce costs on environment, it has a direct
impact on economy of the generating state. On the other hand, the industry of oil and gas is
known as one of the universally expanded from temperate forests of Europe to scheduled places
of the Arctic, from Alaska to Australia as well as the rainforests of tropical region (Lee et al.
2016). The industry is considered as the primary source of energy and most effective consumable
energy running other industries from different fields. Apart from these, the industry focuses on
the management of health and safety issues as it is associated with with dangerous safety rocks
along with health issues. In the present research, health, safety and environmental strategies
generated by Royal Dutch Shell is discussed. It is one of renowned of oil and gas in the United
Kingdom is considered as case study organization in order to analyze the impact of oil and gas
production on environment.
1.5 Background of the study
The previous researchers have observed that several accidents occurred in oil and gas
industry, which leads to face injuries to people. In Paraguana refinery complex, a massive oil

6HEALTH, SAFETY & ENVIRONMENTAL PLANS IN OIL PRODUCTION
refinery in the world, fire caused death of 151 people. The major cause has been found that
improper security and health measures taken. However, the accidents can be avoided by
implementing effective security policies (Li et al. 2016). On the other hand, the potential impact
of the environment is related to the oil and gas organizations’ activities. It is essential to identify
the ways the ways conciliating development of the industry with protection of the environment,
which is sustainable development. After recovering as well as transportation, crude oil goes
through the process of refining for converting into the specific products holding commercial
value. On the contrary, oil refineries are identified as main polluters and consumer of energy,
water. It also produces waste waters as well as releasing hazardous gases into the atmosphere. It
affects the environment producing waste that are not easy to dispose.
1.2 Problem statement
There are various activities in oil and gas production that causes serious issues to the
lives of workers in the industry as severe circumstances where it is required to work as well as
explosive nature of the products. In this perspective, the organizations should understand the
requirements of safety of the workers. However, it is seen that the organizations do not take
effective actions in this matter (Liu et al. 2016). The facilities for health as well as safety of the
workers are usually neglected in the industry. In a report published by NORA oil and Natural
Extraction Council, it has been depicted that casual death ration is more compared to the other
industries. Consequently, it has become the most significant component in order to measure
strength of environmental as well as health safety. It is required to adopt in the organization,
present in the field of oil as well as gas industry.

7HEALTH, SAFETY & ENVIRONMENTAL PLANS IN OIL PRODUCTION
On the other hand, commercial fish species are generally sensitive the sound and close
range. Along with these, the combustion procedure of petroleum production is responsible for
acid rain. The combustion can cause an increased amount of nitrous oxides and sulfur oxide from
sulfur in oil. The products combined with water in atmosphere creates acid rain. On the contrary,
the increased concentrations of nitrates as well as acid substances have a massive impact on the
pH levels of rainfall. The data samples analyzed from all over the world in past 100 years have
shown that there is an increase of nitrous oxide emission from combustion. The acid rain has a
huge impact on larger ecosystem. Acid rain leads to the process of corrosion of machinery as
well as structures and slow destruction of archeological structures such as marble ruins
(Lundgren and McMakin 2018). On the other hand, the combustion of oil and gas production can
cause an increased amount of carbon dioxide emissions and greenhouse gases. In this
perspective, several countries across the world have subsides as well as policies designed to
minimize the utilization of petroleum as well as fossil fuels. The examples consist of China that
switched from giving subsides for fossil fuels to the providing subsides for renewable energy.
The examples also consist of Sweden that created laws that are designed to phase out the process
of using Petroleum. Royal Dutch Shell has planned for implementing for improving health,
safety as well as environmental plans. However, there are also some issues faced in
implementing the plans. Hence, it is vital to find the factors that cause major health and safety
issues in oil and natural gas production and identify as well as evaluate the health and safety
policies of Royal Dutch Shell within 2006-2015 time.

8HEALTH, SAFETY & ENVIRONMENTAL PLANS IN OIL PRODUCTION
1.3 Aims and objectives of the study
1.3.1 Aims of the study
The aim of the study is making an evaluation of the effectiveness of the policies about
environmental as well as health safety adopted by Royal Dutch Shell. In addition, the research
makes the policies as well as strategies that are understandable and legislated by the organization
so that protection and welfare of the workplace can be kept.
1.3.2 Objectives of the study
The objectives of the research can be explained as below, which are considered as the
basic causes required for the work.
 To critically analyse the cause of major health and safety issues in oil and natural
gas production
 To critically analyse the health and safety policies taken by Royal Dutch Shell on
the operation over 2006-2015 time
 To critically evaluate the health and safety policies taken by Royal Dutch Shell on
the operation over 2006-2015 time
 To critically analyse issues involved with the policies and recommend suggestions
1.4 Research Question
The research question can be explained as followed that will answered in the study.

9HEALTH, SAFETY & ENVIRONMENTAL PLANS IN OIL PRODUCTION
 What are the policies of safety and health taken by Royal Dutch Shell on the
operation over 2006-2015 times and hw effective that is in terms of current
process?
1.6 Rationale of the study
The oil and gas industry produces revenue to economic development state. On the
contrary, it has a negative impact on the atmosphere where the activities like gas flaring and oil
spillage produced by the companies. There are several people who are working in oil and gas
industry (Paterson 2017). There are three ways that oil and gas industry has a great impact on
society and environment such as change of climate, operations on sea and land as well as
positive and negative impact on natural economies. On the other hand, the oil industry processes
periods of greed and carelessness that affect on biodiversity. Hence, it is an issue to identify and
assess the policies of safety and health taken by Royal Dutch Shell.
In addition, oil and gas spills Art Sea damages in the mangrove forests, coral reefs as well
as fisheries lading buoys as well as drillings rigs. In addition, transports of oil cause ecological
damage. For instances, there are an estimated 16,000 spills during construction of Tans-Alaskan
pipeline (Paterson 2017). The extractives industries have failed making a contribution to the
sustainable development as well as protecting environment adequately (Raut et al. 2017). There
are several organizations consider the particular industry as having contribution in pollution,
corruption as well as civil disturbances. In this perspective, the oil and gas industry need to
emphasize on environmental protection and safety. Thus, it becomes an issues now to find out

10HEALTH, SAFETY & ENVIRONMENTAL PLANS IN OIL PRODUCTION
and evaluate the policies of safety and health taken by Royal Dutch Shell along with issues
involved with the policies and recommendations to mitigate the challenges.
1.7 Structure of the study
The research has five chapters. The first chapter covers research aims, objectives,
research questions that are set in order to carry out the research in proper way. Discussion of
problem statement, background of the study and research rationale assists in understanding the
topic and importance to do the research. Literature review chapter covers collection of secondary
data from the related secondary sources such as authentic journals, governments’ published
articles and websites. Research methodology chapter covers selection of appropriate
methodological tools for the research. Data analysis and findings discusses the analyzed data
gathered from the case study. On the other hand, conclusion and recommendation chapters
covers overall summary of the study and recommendations to overcome the issues in effective
way.

11HEALTH, SAFETY & ENVIRONMENTAL PLANS IN OIL PRODUCTION
Chapter 2: Literature review
2.1 Introduction
In this section of research, secondary data gathered from related secondary sources are
analyzed. It is important to understand to understand the environmental impact for oil and gas
production. Environment of health in a workplace assists to get success of the organization. The
health as well as safety management policy can support the workers to be happy and creative in
their workplace.
Healthy environment in a particular workplace helps to get success of the organization.
The policies of health and safety will support the workers to be happy and decreases the number
of injuries. The previous researches show measures of health and safety in minimizing stress of
work and injuries in the workplace. The section covers the concept of environmental impact of
oil and gas production, occupational injuries, risk factors, physiological wellbeing of workers,
environmental impact, theories and models related to occupational health and safety, HSSE
management, gaps in management, chemical management, waste management and greenhouse
management.
2.2 Overview of environmental impact caused for oil and gas production
Oil has an important role in our society. It represents major energy sources that are used
in daily life. In addition, major sources like petroleum products can serve as feedstock for
various consumer products and hence acting a developing as well as relevant role in live of

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people (Ravindran and Jaiswal 2016). Oil industry holds possible hazards for environment and
has an impact at multiple levels of the organization like air, water, soil and living being on the
earth. In the particular context, the most wide spread and dangerous consequence of the activities
included in the industry is pollution. It is associated to the activities in the particular industry
from exploratory activities to refining. On the other hand, wastewater, gas emissions and
transportation procedure of 800 multiple chemicals among the course can prevail oil as well as
petroleum products (Paterson 2017).
2.3 Workplace health and safety models
One of the major ways to achieve a psychologically safe workplace is creating as well as
deploying a Comprehensive Workplace Health and Safety (CWHS) program. CWHS program
helps to enhance creativity, co-operation with employees, employee involvement, retention of
the employees, loyalty to the organization, morale as well as satisfaction of the employees,
productivity as well as recruitment. Apart from these, the program or health model would
enhance absenteeism, turnover of the employees, grievances, presenters, injuries and accidents at
workplace along with work time lost. In order to develop and maintain the program along with
continual enhancement procedure for the organization, following are the process for
development.
 Lead (managing leadership and commitment towards workplace)
 Plan (Organize)
 Do (Deploy in the workplace)
 Check (Assessment)

13HEALTH, SAFETY & ENVIRONMENTAL PLANS IN OIL PRODUCTION
 Act (Enhancement)
For instance, the steps for the workplace, it is required to include the following. In order
to begin procedure of healthy workplace planning, the levels of the enterprise need management
support. On the contrary, it is required to consider for developing a team specific for every
implementation. Development of program plan as well as assessment plan can be helpful in the
process. Implementation of the plan can be helpful to put the proposed program into practice. On
the contrary, assessment of the efforts in CWHS program can assist to enhance the outcomes of
the evaluations.
Health and safety in workplaces, psychological work environment, workplace health
promotion and organizational community engagement are the major components of the program.
They overlapped and integrated within the program. Occupational health and safety can
encompass promotion as well as maintenance of physical, mental as well as social well-being of
the employees (Rosenbaum 2016). It consists of minimizing injury in the workplace. In addition,
it assists in reducing physical job hazards. It minimizes stress employees and felt in the
workplace. Psychological work environment is considered as a procedure in order to detect real
as well as possible hazards in the workplace. Apart from these, workplace health programs is
also referred as well-being programs as well as provide proper approach to healthy living for
people at the workplace as well as covering a broad area of health issues. The organizational
community engagement is the community; where the interventions are generally considered as
Corporate Social Responsibility activities along with typically identify the aspect of the
organization.

14HEALTH, SAFETY & ENVIRONMENTAL PLANS IN OIL PRODUCTION
2.3 Enhancing Health, Safety and Environmental Plans in Oil Production industry
The oil and gas industry is one of the most dangerous job in the United Kingdom where
requirement of effective health and safety arrangements. The combination of powerful
equipment, processes and flammable chemical that under higher pressure can generate the huge
hazard and risk situation at workplace for employees. As per the view of Li, Chen and Zhu,
(2016) safety and health management is very significant constitutes of Oil and Gas industry
activities because of various components such as chemicals, operation condition, end products
etc associated with Oil and Gas production.
2.4 Risk and Hazard associated in oil and Gas industry
At the time of oil and gas production and manufacturing, there are several kinds of risk is
associated with operation and chemical linkage. The hazard in Oil and Gas industry can be
divided into two broad categories that is health and illness hazard and second one is Safety and
injury Hazard. Rosenbaum, (2016) stated that workers in the Oil and Gas industry have various
kinds of safety and injury hazard. On the other hand in the context of health and illness hazard in
oil and gas industry includes various agents leads various kind of illness and health hazard such
as chemical hazard (sensitizing substances, irritant, toxic, corrosive, asphyxiates), physical
hazards (vibration, extreme temperature, radiations). In addition, ergonomic hazards (awkward
posture, repetitive motion, manual handling activities) psychosocial hazard (violence, odd
working hours, isolated sites, overwork) and biological hazard (virus, parasites, bacteria) are
included in the process.

15HEALTH, SAFETY & ENVIRONMENTAL PLANS IN OIL PRODUCTION
As per the opinion of Ravindran and Jaiswal, (2016), oil and gas organisation in the UK
well drilling and servicing activities includes several kinds of material and equipment. By
effective controlling and recognizing the risk and hazard, injuries and death situation at
workplace can prevent. It is very important for organisation in the oil and gas industry to adopt
such methods and controlling hazard through which injuries, death can remove at workplace, and
workers can safely carry out their working. There are various kinds of hazard such as Vehicle
collision, struck-By, confined Spaces, high pressure lines and equipment, electronic and other
hazardous energy.
2.5 Occupational safety and health risk management
In the opinion of Liu and et.al., (2016) in the Oil and Gas industry, the management of
organisation is very important to adopt such effective arrangement, system and procedure
through which risk and hazard of worker health can overcome. In addition to this, safety
manager and supervisor have to consider upon the resources so as corporation of oil and gas can
released visual communication resource specifically tailored for the oil and gas industry that
includes quick safety tip, safety best practice guide.
According to the view of Lundgren and McMakin, (2018) occupational safety and health
risk management in one of the best practice in occupational safety as well as health risk
management that helps in analysing effective control steps. In the oil and gas industry, business
procedure is complicated so it is very significant and systematic as well as effective approach
should be used in the corporation in order to manage the occupational safety and health risk.

16HEALTH, SAFETY & ENVIRONMENTAL PLANS IN OIL PRODUCTION
2.6 Implementation of PDCA cycle
In this aspect, PDCA cycle can apply within the oil and gas industry under which four
major steps such as plan, do, act and check. In the planning stage includes the problem that
needed to be addressed and gathering information regarding the problem. Oil and Gas
organisation should consider objective and target to design the plan for health and safety in the
oil and gas industry. Key priorities, strategic HSSE and work flows should be considered by risk
and health safety manager. In the do stage, manager focuses on risk as well as injury
management along with health, illness management, training and assessment, regulatory
compliances. In the act stage, safety manager considers upon the management reviews and action
for continuous improvement. In the last check stage, manager consider upon the effective
monitoring, auditing, performance indicates etc.
Figure 1: Health and safety management

17HEALTH, SAFETY & ENVIRONMENTAL PLANS IN OIL PRODUCTION
(Source: Paterson 2017, p.411)
According to the view of Paterson, (2017) in order to overcome the risk and hazard of
health and enhance safety and environmental plan in oil and gas industry, risk management is
one of the crucial procedures for preventing works related injury and illness. Risk management
process includes the three main stages such as identification of risk, evaluating and prioritizing
the risk and implementation of the preventive and measures to control the risk. In the first stage
of identification of risk, manager recognises and describes the types of risk that might affect the
working of worker within the oil and gas organisation. Once the risk has been identified then in
next stage, health and safety manager determines the likelihood and consequences of each risk.
Once the priority and identified in the previous stage then in next stage safety manager finally
implement the prevention and measures to control the risk. Sadgrove, (2016) said that there are
various kinds of circumstances in the oil and gas industry where risk management procedure is
very important.
2.7 Occupational safety and health management system
In the opinion of Rosenbaum, (2016) occupational safety and health management system is
one of the effective systems that help to oil and gas organisation in managing the health and
safety of employees and overcome hazard. The effective management of the occupational safety
and health management system, complex issue such as changing world of work, interactions
between management and employees, dynamics within organisation can easily manage. There
are various features, which should be fulfilled effectively by the specific system regarding safety
and health management within the industry. Health and safety management within the system

18HEALTH, SAFETY & ENVIRONMENTAL PLANS IN OIL PRODUCTION
need to ensure safety of several operational sites through proper planning and mapping the
business procedure is included. It should control as well as risks included in the segments like
downstream and the system that is required to be well documented and should be designed in
such manner so as everyone can easily understand the objective of this system within oil and gas
industry. On the other hand, the management system is required to enable the staffs following the
consistent health and safety practices so as they can securely and safely carry out their working
within the organisation. Occupational safety and health management system is very critical
component which effective and successful implementation in the oil and gas industry can
confirm the operational safety in downstream, midstream and upstream. There are various
components of the effective occupational safety and health management system that should
encompassed such as Proper administration, health as well as safety management plan. On the
other hand, health as well as safety risk plan along with work area management, maintenance of
security systems, incident management and occupational health management can be helpful for
the organization. Compliance management, management of competency, content management as
well as rehabilitation management, statistics, reporting and dashboard, audit and review are
included.
In the view of Keprate and Ratnayake (2016) health and safety plan component of
occupational safety as well as health management system requires oil and gas company vision
and method regarding health and safety and administration component requires key information
of personnel’s who are responsible in order to manage health and safety plan. Furthermore, the
work area management component requires proper management and demarcation of business

19HEALTH, SAFETY & ENVIRONMENTAL PLANS IN OIL PRODUCTION
unit on the basis of design, procedure and activities. The health and safety risk management
element requires job hazard analysis, hazard ranking, corrective action plan and risk control level
analysis. Moreover, inventor management requires maintenance of hazardous substance data
base. Audi and review element of occupational safety and health management system requires
proper management system and program in order to audit as well as review for monitoring as
well as checking effectiveness of the implemented safety as well as health for audit as well as
review. It helps to monitor and check the effectiveness of implemented safety and health within
the oil and gas organisation in the UK.
As per the opinion of Li and et.al. (2016), it assists in effective risk management, hazard
identification and implementation of various control methods. This system in oil and gas industry
also helps in ensure wellbeing of all works and contributes to a more motivate and performance
driven employees at workplace. The proper maintain and regular process of risk management
procedure aids in fastest tracking and monitoring of health and safety indicators. With help of
effective implementation of occupational safety and health management system, the
organisations can improve the regulatory compliances and relationship between the stakeholders
like employees, union, consultants, contractors, subcontractors, clients, supplies etc.
In addition, staffs as well as sub-contractors need to work using several materials as well as
equipment. Accidents may include disastrous consequences for the workers of the organization.
Hence, health, safety as well as environment management provide effective coordination along
with monitoring in order to ensure health and safety of the workers as well as compliance with
the requirements of health, safety as well as environmental management of the organization. In

20HEALTH, SAFETY & ENVIRONMENTAL PLANS IN OIL PRODUCTION
this perspective, it is required to suggest proactive measurements, which can prevent the
incidents before manifesting as accidents. Effective coordination of all health and safety aspects
of the construction project can be helpful. On the other hand, draft health and safety plans as well
as verification of existing or proposed plans can be helpful in this aspect. Ensuring health and
safety of the workers and decreasing accident risks would be helpful for the organization. In
addition, ensuring full compliance with EU directive can assist to the process.
On the other hand, as a leading supplier of health, safety as well as environmental
management can offer unrivaled expertise as well as resource. In addition, unique global
research can assist to dispatch experienced as well as qualified safety coordinators to the building
process. In addition, documentation of coordination, safety risk analysis as well as verification as
well as development for health as well as safety plans can be helpful to improve health and
safety in the organization. Safety signaling control as well as supply of the external coordinators
of health, safety and environmental conditions can be helpful for the staffs in the workplace.
2.8 Other practices to improve the health and safety of the workers within oil and
Gas industry
In the opinion of Ravindran and Jaiswal, (2016) in order to improve health, safety as well
as environment plan in oil and gas industry in the United Kingdom, constant housekeeping and
implement 5s system is very important practice. By keeping clear the pathway, floors and all
work area from unnecessary items, oil and gas manager can promote the health and safety at
workplace. This strategy will aids in prevent trips and falls and struck by hazards. Furthermore,
with implement 5S system such as sort, set in order, sustain, shine and standardize as well as

21HEALTH, SAFETY & ENVIRONMENTAL PLANS IN OIL PRODUCTION
sort, oil and gas industry can improve the workflow and overcome the wastage from the
production and manufacturing procedure. With help of implementation of strategic labelling tool
in the workplace, management can directly warn, and communicate all necessary information to
workers. Raut, Narkhede and Gardas, (2017) stated that in the oil and gas industry, there are
high numbers of accident occurs from driving or riding in a motor vehicle. Manager should
install the in-vehicle monitor system through which improve the worker training and vehicle
safety programs. With help of provide clear visual communication at the oil and gas industry,
hazard and risk of health with worker can reduce. There should be clear custom sign to
communicate process specific to certain work crews and work sites. At the workplace of oil and
gas industry, instruction and information should clearly display on the work crews and worksite
so as outdate and illegals signage can easily replace from the worksite. As per the view of Li,
Chen and Zhu, (2016) stated that safety manager in the oil and gas industry should reassess
safety signage while project shifts. In the oil and gas organisation, worksite, project and crews
changes then it is very important for manager to analyse and assess that labels and signs are in
correct area and communicate present hazards and process before starts the new project at
workplace. This kind of practice of promote health and safety in oil and gas will aid to ensure the
dangers and details are particular area and site will be known while fresher worker come in.
Furthermore, ensure familiarity with workers in the oil and gas industry, uncertain accidents and
hazard can minimise and health and safety can promote. While working starts in the oil and gas
worksite then everyone should understand their role and associate hazards that exists and all
relevant precautions of safety. Health and safety manager should communicate require procedure

22HEALTH, SAFETY & ENVIRONMENTAL PLANS IN OIL PRODUCTION
and hazard to new fresher workers at worksite so as they can prevent themselves from uncertain
accidents.
According to the view of Lee and et.al., (2016) stated that in the old and gas industry,
manager of health and safety should conduct regular monitoring and control of the machinery
and equipment’s that are already installed and settled at worksite. This regular practice will
support and prevent the failure of machines and keep the worker safe in oil and gas industry.
Overall, it can be said based on above discussion that in the oil and gas industry, there are
large numbers of hazard and risk associated with the production, manufacturing and process
working. In order to manage and over the hazard and risk at workplace, it is very important for
manager of safety and health within industry to consider an effective planning and process and
adopt effective system. In addition, it is essential to measure and control this risk of the best
practice is self-awareness and proper information regarding the risk and hazard at workplace can
help to worker to prevent their heath from uncertain accident. In addition to this, proper
arrangement of technologies and infrastructure can also assist to organisation in overcome the
risk of accident in the worksite of oil and gas. At the time of designing the worksite in this
industry, corporation should focus upon the effective equipment and resources that help to
workers in effectively carry out their working without any hazard.
2.9 Summary
Proper training and development is also very significant aspect that will support worker
in preventing their health from risk and accidents at workplace. With help of effective training

23HEALTH, SAFETY & ENVIRONMENTAL PLANS IN OIL PRODUCTION
program, worker can acknowledge the skill, idea and criteria of effective working that will
support them in overcome accidents. Furthermore by use of the risk management process,
occupational health and safety hazard system, by use of the PDCA model and other practices, oil
and gas organisation can easily promote the health, safety and environment plan for worker and
safe them from uncertain accidents and hazard in effective and efficient manner.

24HEALTH, SAFETY & ENVIRONMENTAL PLANS IN OIL PRODUCTION
Chapter 3: Research methodology
3.1 Introduction
Research methodology is one of the sections included in the research that helps in
defining the approached required for carrying out the research in right way. The methods
included in research methodolgy helps in doing detailed analysis so that the errors can be found.
In the present scenario, appropriate and suitable methodology has been applied in the research so
that it the topic, enhancement of health, safety and environmental plans can be properly
understood and the expected outcome is found.
3.2 Method outline
In the current section, a propet as well as detailed research technique to analyse the
Health, Safety and Environmental Plans in Oil Production is discussed. In the present section,
positivism philosophy is selected. In addition, deductive approach is selected to allow the
researcher conducting the particular study based on secondary sources, which can be helpful to
analyze the research topic. In the current research, descriptive research design is chosen as
suitable research design. Secondary data has been collected to conduct data analysis with the
help of qualitative case study analysis.
3.3 Research philosophy

25HEALTH, SAFETY & ENVIRONMENTAL PLANS IN OIL PRODUCTION
Research philosophy is one of the major components in a research that assists in
determining the way to obtain details regarding research topic. It also helps in explaining the
assumption procedure undertaken in the research during conduxtion of the research (Mackey and
Gass 2015). On the contrary, thiking procedure to evaluate the research topic can be performed
with the help of research philosophy. Thus, it is required to take effective philosophy for the
research. In the prrsent research, positivism philosophy is selected to carry out the research.
Positivism philosophy is chosen for the current research. It analyzes the hidden facts as
well as information of the research in a scientific way. On the other hand, realism is considered
as a mixed approach that combines positivim and interpretivism (Lewis 2015). Therefore, it
involves characteristics of the philosophies. On the contrary, realism philosophy explains
application of human with realism that is not requited, thus the philosophy has been rejected.
3.4 Research approach
A research approach helps in conducting the research in proer way. Inductive and
deductive are the research takrn for a research to study in broad ways. Inductive approach helps
in studying the research topic when the observation gets the information and develop the
research method. On the contrary, deductive approach is used for deduce the research theories
and models related to the research topic. Deductive research approach is selected in the research.
In the present research, the topic helps in analysing the concets of helath, safety as well as
environmental plan of Royal Dutch Shell in oil production. The models related to the research
topic needs a proper selection of research approache. Hence, deductive approach has been

26HEALTH, SAFETY & ENVIRONMENTAL PLANS IN OIL PRODUCTION
selected in the present research. It helps in analysing the theories as well as models that are
related to the research topic. Inductive approach has been discarded as the research has not aim
to induce any theory or model about the research topic.
3.5 Research design
Research design helps in describing the framework to conduct the research. It helps in
data collection and anlayis pattern (Bauer 2014). During the procedure of data collection, a
specific type of approach is applied. It helps in better description of the research design (Flick
2015). Exploratory, explanatory and descriptive research designs are the type of research
designs.
In the current research, descriptive research design is selected for understnading the
research topoc. However, the research design helps in understanding the research topic. Hence,
selection of description research design is justifed as it helps in better analysing the application
of the research topic.
3.6 Data collection method
Bresler and Stake (2017) stated that the data sources can be helpful in describing the
research topic as well as extracting the information as pet the demand. Primary as well as
secondary are considered are the types of data collection that provide materials in obtaining
details of the particular research topic. On the other hand, secondary data is helpful to analyze
the requirement of the research (Ledford and Gast 2018). Secondary data are obtained from

27HEALTH, SAFETY & ENVIRONMENTAL PLANS IN OIL PRODUCTION
books, journals and other published articles. In the present study, case study data has been
collected for the analysis.
3.7 Data analysis method
Bresler and Stake (2014) mentioned that qualitative and quantitative data analysis are the
method of data analysis. In the present study, qualitative data analysis method has been used for
addition of theoretical concepts underlying with the research topic. On the contrary, quantitative
data applies the statistical data, which assists in managing large sample sizes. As the current
study deals with analysis of case study, qualitative analysis has been selected.
3.8 Timetable

28HEALTH, SAFETY & ENVIRONMENTAL PLANS IN OIL PRODUCTION
3.9 Summary
The present section explained several research tools of selection. It can be helpful to
understand the process in better way. With the assistance of the chapter, the nature of the study is
aligned along with the research technique. The tools are helpful to analyze the concepts of
enhancing health, safety as well as environmental plans in oil and gas production.

29HEALTH, SAFETY & ENVIRONMENTAL PLANS IN OIL PRODUCTION
Chapter 4: Data analysis and findings
4.1 Introduction
In this current research, the data collected by analyzing the background as well as
observed through reading the website of British Petroleum. The report of sustainability helps in
analysing the background as well as data that are observed through reading British Petroleum
website. The report of sustainability along with previous research reports are the types of report,
which will be utilized for collecting data. The term sustainability will be emphasize on primary
approaches of British Petroleum and performance that concerns with the plan of mitigating and
solving the issues.
4.2 Qualitative analysis
The BP Chembel site at Geel is one of the world scale chemical complex that produces
more than 1 million tonnes per year with purified acid as the finished product (Ahmad et al.
2017). British Petroleum has developed multiple systems as well as processes in order to
eliminate and minimize the hazards so that overall risks to the working site that is required to
carry out the particular work comprehends the process of compiles with requirements of the
systems as well as processes.
The HSSE policy of the BP Group states that there should be no accidents and no harm to
people along with damages to the environment. As the part of deploying the policy in the site,
there should be zero tolerance policy that aims raising to the process of comprehending of

30HEALTH, SAFETY & ENVIRONMENTAL PLANS IN OIL PRODUCTION
personnel working on the site in order to ensure operating as well as behaving in the way seeking
to achieve zero accidents, injuries as well as environmental plan. In order to achieve the process,
the contractor needs to focus on the HSSE plans for supporting as well as implementing the
policy (Yang and Haugen 2016). On the other hand, the contractor is expected drawing up the
policies for frequency as well as duration of work.
Sullivan (2017) stated that the execution of works is responsible of the contractor that
ensures notification as well as discussion with the related BP responsible person of work, the
opportunity and detailed plans of the jobs along with scheduling is important for the procedures
and environmental management system that affects the process. The consideration of
environment need to include risk management as well as use of storage as well as disposal of the
materials.
Khan, Rathnayak and Ahmed (2015) argued that the document is required to provide a
proper overview of the safety management plan of the system in order to allow the parties as
well as contractors intended carrying out the work preparing for the system allowing to bid. It
appreciates the standards as well as procedures that will required to comply with. The
management system compiled with the policy is properly defined in the BP Geel process. In
order to evaluate the process that is completely fulfill the requirements for the work activity.
Competence with the contractor is deemed to have perfect knowledge of the opportunity and
terms of service that consists of safety precautions that are taken and resulting from the risk
analysis.

31HEALTH, SAFETY & ENVIRONMENTAL PLANS IN OIL PRODUCTION
On the contrary, the contracted work needs to be deemed as there are possibilities of
visiting the places where work can be carried out and investigated the possibilities of access that
have taken into the process (Liu et al. 2016). The contractor can undertake the policies in order
to submit as well as comply with the legal regulations about protection as well as safety at work.
The protection of environment, employee insurance as well as medical examinations along with
social legislation needs to be carried out properly.
Raufflet, Cruz and Bres (2014) mentioned that BP does not accept any types of
responsibilities for infringement of the regulations that are below conjunction of safety, health as
well as environmental process. The used material needs to be supplied as well as installed to be
developed in each respects of the current Belgian laws along with regulations about health and
safety at work along with the attachments that are applicable. The materials as well as equipment
need to fulfill the needs about protection of environment. The delivery as well as instructions
needs to be supplied about the working principle as well as operation and maintenance of the
subject.
In order to mitigate the health and security issues in British Petroleum, the organization
has implemented multiple regulations and law that would be helpful for the staffs worked in the
organization. Kouabenan, Ngueutsa and Mbaye (2015) argued that the contractors need to submit
as well as comply with the existing legal regulations about the protection as well as safety at
work. In addition, the protection of the environment, social legislation as well as insurance of
employees and medical examinations and working hours need to comply with rules and
regulations of the organization. Apart from these, the used machines and apparatus supplied by

32HEALTH, SAFETY & ENVIRONMENTAL PLANS IN OIL PRODUCTION
the Contractor needs to comply with the regulations of safety, health as well as environmental
process (Shukla and Karki 2016). An authorized agent confirms the attached certificate
equipment and machines comply with the requirements of British Petroleum.
According to the sustainability report, the organization aspires on accidents and no harm
to people as well as damage to the particular environment. In order to deliver the process, it is
required to plan the operations, detecting the possible hazards along with management of the
risks at all the stages. The key approaches followed by British Petroleum are prevention of
accidents, monitoring security as well as keeping people safe. On the contrary, management of
contractor safety is one of the major programs followed by the organization to ensure that there
are the contractors carry more than half time of working out. Hence, the skills as well as
performance are important to ability of the organization for carrying out safety as well as
responsibility (Bergström et al. 2015). The standard model contracts consisting of health, British
Petroleum follows safety as well as requirements of security. Bridging documents, it can be
defined that the process of safety management co-existing with the contractors in order to
manage risks on the site. Moreover, training together is one of the approaches followed by
British Petroleum in order to ensure safety and security of the staffs working in the organization.
Simulation exercises can be helpful for preparing for staffing as well as contractors in the event
of real-life safety incidents. The activities are usually developed as one of the major parts of
continual development procedure in order to enhance work environment such as physical,
organizational, economic as well as psychosocial along with increasing personal empowerment
and personal development.

33HEALTH, SAFETY & ENVIRONMENTAL PLANS IN OIL PRODUCTION
The organization is committed in providing reasonable practice in the working
environment, which is safe as well as without risk to health for the employees, contractors as
well as others by effective deployment of the policy. British Petroleum achieves systematic
management of the operating activities through operation management system in order to
minimize risks as well as deliver improvement in performance (Nielsen et al. 2016). Ensuring
that leadership should be responsible to take proper action in order to address safety hazards
during identification and being reported. Formal evaluation and mitigation would assist to
manage health and safety hazards that are properly suited to nature as well as scale of the
activities, products and services of British Petroleum. In addition, comply with the related health
as well as safety hazards are appropriate to nature as well as scale of the activities of the
organization. The organization ensure the employees provided with effective information,
instruction as well as training on health and safety policies as well as procedure and interested
parties having access to the policy.
Development as well as implementation of training programs in order to enhance health
and safety skills as well as knowledge of the employees is important to disseminate information
about health and safety information to the staffs. The key procedures about safety risks within
the introduction of site as well as encourage people reporting procedures about safety incidents
(Nielsen et al. 2016). It has a range of monthly reviews of multiple aspects of process safety like
evaluation of operational risks with the standard operating process as well as safe systems of
work.

34HEALTH, SAFETY & ENVIRONMENTAL PLANS IN OIL PRODUCTION
However, change of climate is one of the major issues faced by British Petroleum. The
communities’ people reply on land, air, water as well as biodiversity is proactive. On the
contrary, minimization of emissions rather than promotion of any fuel as the answer are
prioritized in British Petroleum (Nielsen et al. 2016). It is also important to enhance efficiency of
the energy where minimization of emissions is achieved. In addition, carbon pricing is one of the
most important steps made by the organization.
4.3 Summary
It is important for oil and gas industry to ensure health and safety plan for the staffs
working in the organizations. The organization pursues goal of no harm to the people and plan to
protect the environment. British Petroleum performs use of effective materials as well as energy
efficiently for providing the products as well as services In addition, playing a leading role in
order to promote best practice in British Petroleum. Promotion of culture where the staffs can
share the commitment is an essential process in the organization. The HSE policy has a
systematic approach that is designed in order to ensure compliance with the law as well as
achieving constant enhancement of performance.

35HEALTH, SAFETY & ENVIRONMENTAL PLANS IN OIL PRODUCTION
Chapter 5: Conclusion and recommendations
5.1 Conclusion
The requirement for implementing an efficient occupational safety and health
management system is essential in order to enhance performance regarding health and safety.
There are several countries have participated in the process through making strict as well as
obligatory are important for the organization. The regulatory compliance pressure is responsible
for ensuring operational safety is important to ensure operational safety as well as sustainability
that are placed in oil and gas industry. The safety plans provide only systematic as well as
synchronized approach for management of health and safety in the workplace. In addition, it
assists in defining the strategies to deploy control actions, substantiation of performance as well
as resource mapping. In addition, it assists in improving brand image of the organization that
helps in obtaining competitive benefits.
5.2 Recommendations
In order to mitigate the issues faced by the organization in terms of health, safety and
environmental, it is required to take some actions as followed.
 It is required to enable and use latest technology for identification of hazards, risk
evaluation as well as implementation of multiple control methods
 Ensuring well-being of the staffs as well as contribution to more inspired as well
as performance driven through workforce would gain additional benefits.

36HEALTH, SAFETY & ENVIRONMENTAL PLANS IN OIL PRODUCTION
 Enhanced costs related to accidents as well as incidents can be helpful to mitigate
the security issues in health and safety management system.
 Regular risk evaluation procedure would be helpful in frequent tracking as well as
monitoring health and safety indicators.
 Enhanced regulatory compliance can be helpful for the organization to mitigate
the issues.
5.3 Limitations and future scopes
Some non-avoidable scenarios produce some limitations in the research. Time and
budget limitation is the major limitations in the research for which the research can generate
better and accurate outcome. The use of latest technology in conducting the research and due ti
budget constraint, few articles have not used, as the subscription charge is high.
The research is associated with royal Dutch shell and British Petroleum. Thus, there is
future scope to do research by taking different organization. On the other hand, organizations
health and safety issues are related to other industry rather oil and gas industry like
manufacturing industry. Therefore, future research can be conducted based on the industry.

37HEALTH, SAFETY & ENVIRONMENTAL PLANS IN OIL PRODUCTION
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41HEALTH, SAFETY & ENVIRONMENTAL PLANS IN OIL PRODUCTION
Appendix
Reflection
Safety as well as health management is important constituents of the activities in oil and gas
industry as there are operational conditions. The chemicals and conditions as well as products
related to oil and gas production that are well known in order to pose serious safety along with
health threats to the workers of the organization. The workers in oil and gas industry are
susceptible to follow the agents that can lead to several health and illness hazards. Present study
helps me to understand the possible measures that can be carried out properly for managing
psychological hazards. The aim of the study is analysing occupational health and risk evaluation
for identifying as well as evaluating safety and health hazards that a systematized approach need
to be used in order to manage occupational safety and health hazards. The model is based on
PDCA cycle.
Sustainability report of British Petroleum states that the organization wants to develop enduring
relationship. Involving with the process is necessary to operate the business. It helps me to
understand the procedure followed by the organization for health and safety of the workplace.
Energy transition changing British Petroleum helps in making strategy along with new targets
and on the business process. The plans for developing the business is developing new renewable
business as well as developing gas in the portfolio. It helps to explore the business model. The
key process is finding appropriate scopes at right time. In terms of safety work environment, use
of technology takes place in the organization. For instance, use of drones can be helpful to carry

42HEALTH, SAFETY & ENVIRONMENTAL PLANS IN OIL PRODUCTION
out the process of inspections rather than the people working at height. Reinforcement of culture
of care where people looking out for each other is processed by the organization. On the other
hand, the health and safety policy 2013 reinforced responsibility across British Petroleum.
Identification of the risks, evaluation as well as prioritizing the risks and implementation of
prevention or protective risk management procedure is necessary. Safety analysis would be
helpful to manage the process and eliminate or minimizes the risks and hazards. Change
management also has an important role in identifying new hazards and introduction of
procedures. The implementation process of occupational safety and health management can be
helpful for the procedure. The research would be helpful to ensure safety of different operational
sites through correct mapping of the business process, risks as well as controls involved in the
segments. It is required to enable the workers following consistent health as well as safety
practices. It assists in managing inspection of the site, permits, violations as well as lessons that
learned for best practices and execution for oil as well as gas industry. Hence, conduction of the
research has given me a brief idea about well documentation process and that is required to
easily available for working process. Continuous striving for enhancement of health and safety
information to the staffs, contractors as well as others in the workplace is useful by developing
clear as well as measurable targets and objectives.

43HEALTH, SAFETY & ENVIRONMENTAL PLANS IN OIL PRODUCTION
Professional statement
The research is carried out by taking suitable methodology and appropriate approach. At
first, the research is carried out by developing research aim, objectives and questions. After this
process, research rationale has been developed that would assist to understand the significance of
conducting the research and provides a brief idea about the topic of the research. On the other
hand, secondary data has been collected and analysed in the second chapter of the research.
Literature review chapter assists to understand the research topic in detailed way. On the other
hand, selection of methodological tools is performed that helps in conduct the research in right
way. After selection of the proper methodological tools, data has been collected and analysed.
This research will be evaluating the case background as well as the data that has been observed
through reading the website of the British Petroleum. Apart from these, the sustainability report
along with the previous research reports are such kind of report, which will be utilized for the
collection of data. After this process, qualitative data analysis technique has been used for
analyzing secondary data. Finally, conclusion and recommendations are provided based on the
outcome.
However, environmental impact includes intensification of greenhouse, acid rain and
groundwater contamination. The oil and gas industry contribute to the loss of biodiversity and
destruction of ecosystems that is unique. On the contrary, despite its possible impact associated
with the activities of oil as well as gas industry has a positive role in society and creating several
jobs along with producing an important volume of tax revenues and royalties to the national
governments. occupational safety and health management system in the oil and gas industry.

44HEALTH, SAFETY & ENVIRONMENTAL PLANS IN OIL PRODUCTION
Thus, the organizations may get profit in several ways through adoption of proactive
environmental strategies. The organizations in oil business are not adopting pollution prevention
practices. The particular program is the series of strategies and associated activities, initiatives
along with the policies that are developed by employer in consulting the employees in order to
enhance or maintain quality of working life, health as well as well-being of the workforce.
Thus, it can be said that by considering the elements regarding safety and health
management system, the oil and gas industry manger can easily deploy successful system of
safety and health management as well as it is required to improve health and safety of workers.
Materials and equipment require complying with demands that depends on the protection of the
environment. On the contrary, materials and equipment need to comply with the requirements
about protection of the environment area. The enterprise does not accept any kind of
responsibilities for infringement of specific regulation, committed at the specific plant by
contractor. In this event of infringement of legal regulations, British Petroleum reserves the right
for terminating the contact with the Contractor without providing any compensation. On the
other hand, consulting, listening as well as responding openly to the employees, contractors,
customers, neighbors and public interest groups and stakeholders help to ensure input is included
in the process of decision making that has a great impact on health and safety of the workplace.

45HEALTH, SAFETY & ENVIRONMENTAL PLANS IN OIL PRODUCTION