An Analysis of Healthcare Associated Infections and Impact
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This report provides a comprehensive overview of healthcare associated infections (HAIs), which are infections acquired during a patient's stay in a healthcare facility. The introduction defines HAIs and highlights their significance. The main body delves into various types of HAIs, including central line-associated bloodstream infections, ventilator-associated pneumonia, and urinary tract infections, and discusses their impact on patient health, including increased morbidity, mortality, prolonged hospital stays, and financial burdens. The report also explores the causes of HAIs, such as exposure to healthcare environments, medical procedures, and the presence of infected patients. Additionally, the report emphasizes the importance of infection control measures, including hand hygiene, maintaining a clean environment, public health surveillance, and antibiotic stewardship. The conclusion summarizes the key findings and reiterates the need for effective prevention strategies to reduce the incidence and impact of HAIs, ultimately improving patient outcomes and reducing healthcare costs. The report is supported by various research papers and journals.

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Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................3
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................6
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................7
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................3
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................6
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................7

INTRODUCTION
Healthcare associated infection refers to the infection which are generally cause due to
getting infected in the hospital organisation. This is the infection which generally occurs due to
entering in the hospital premises and patient may get infected during getting medical or surgical
treatment. This can be prevented through application of different measure which are effective
and may help in getting better care of the patient for associated infection. in this, there is
discussion about the healthcare associated infection that cause due to getting inter in the
healthcare premises. There is also discussion about the impact of these infection on patient care.
This may also include the discussion about the effect on morbidity, mortality and lengths of
hospital stay along with overall cost (Gray and et. al.,2019).
MAIN BODY
There is different infection which can cause infection within patient when they get enter to
the healthcare premises. These are the one which can cause due to getting exposed to the
healthcare environment for longer duration. There is different healthcare associated infection
which may include central line associated blood stream infection, ventilator associated
pneumonia, urinary tract infection and many more. There is high impact of healthcare associated
infection in the patient that can lead to create high negative health impact on them which can
have negative heath impact. This may lead to threaten patient about their life and also lead to
create the long stay during in the hospital (MENG and WU, 2019). This can also influence
people about taking care of better and effective response that may influence people about the
effective care and have different negative impact on patient health. There is also some impact
which may lead to create negative impact on the patient health which are associated with
entering the environment of healthcare premises. Healthcare associated infection may lead to
create high negative impact on patient life (Abulhasan and et. al., 2018).
This may lead to occur in long-term disability, prolonged hospital stays, increase resistance
towards microorganism to antimicrobials, it can also lead to increase the financial burden on
patient which are highly negative impact on the patient. There are large number of morbidity and
mortality of healthcare associated infection which can lead to create high range of sickness
within the patient. There are about 1 in 25 patients who may get affected through the healthcare
associated infection (Sopena-Sutil and et. al., 2018). There are also large number of patient who
Healthcare associated infection refers to the infection which are generally cause due to
getting infected in the hospital organisation. This is the infection which generally occurs due to
entering in the hospital premises and patient may get infected during getting medical or surgical
treatment. This can be prevented through application of different measure which are effective
and may help in getting better care of the patient for associated infection. in this, there is
discussion about the healthcare associated infection that cause due to getting inter in the
healthcare premises. There is also discussion about the impact of these infection on patient care.
This may also include the discussion about the effect on morbidity, mortality and lengths of
hospital stay along with overall cost (Gray and et. al.,2019).
MAIN BODY
There is different infection which can cause infection within patient when they get enter to
the healthcare premises. These are the one which can cause due to getting exposed to the
healthcare environment for longer duration. There is different healthcare associated infection
which may include central line associated blood stream infection, ventilator associated
pneumonia, urinary tract infection and many more. There is high impact of healthcare associated
infection in the patient that can lead to create high negative health impact on them which can
have negative heath impact. This may lead to threaten patient about their life and also lead to
create the long stay during in the hospital (MENG and WU, 2019). This can also influence
people about taking care of better and effective response that may influence people about the
effective care and have different negative impact on patient health. There is also some impact
which may lead to create negative impact on the patient health which are associated with
entering the environment of healthcare premises. Healthcare associated infection may lead to
create high negative impact on patient life (Abulhasan and et. al., 2018).
This may lead to occur in long-term disability, prolonged hospital stays, increase resistance
towards microorganism to antimicrobials, it can also lead to increase the financial burden on
patient which are highly negative impact on the patient. There are large number of morbidity and
mortality of healthcare associated infection which can lead to create high range of sickness
within the patient. There are about 1 in 25 patients who may get affected through the healthcare
associated infection (Sopena-Sutil and et. al., 2018). There are also large number of patient who
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get affected through the infection of healthcare associated infection which lead to create high
negative health impact on the large population (Palmore and Henderson 2021).
There are also large number of cases which are about the healthcare associated infection that
occur in the healthcare premises and may lead to create high impact on the patient health. There
is also high impact of healthcare associated infection which raises the cost of healthcare to
patient and lead to enhance the financial burden on them. There are also many cases in which
patient may get affected by the healthcare associated infection where people may need to get stay
in the hospital premises to get healthcare treatment for improvement in the health
(Teerawattanapong, 2018). In this, there is need to ensure about taking care of the infection that
may help in getting better support to provide better and effective healthcare service to the patient
for their improved health. Due to getting infection there is need to get to the hospital service
which may lead to create high impact on the service which are associated with creating increase
the overall cost for getting better and effective healthcare services (Ivanova and Mindlina,
2019).
There is various reason which can lead to create the risk of increase the risk of healthcare
associated infection which may include different healthcare services or medical procedure in
which there is need for the exposure of body that are highly sensitive to the infection. These may
lead to create change in healthcare services. There are many patients tin the healthcare premises
who are highly effective and may spread infection intentionally or unintentionally. In this, due to
placing different patient within single ward lead to create high risk of spreading of healthcare
associated infection which is not possible to control in fully (Liu, 2020).
There is different reason in which there are many patients that can lead to create high impact
on better and effective response toward dealing with better and effective response towards care
and effective response that may help in reducing the healthcare associated infection within the
patient. There are some of the medical procedure which can lead to create enhancement in the
susceptibility to infection. There are many of patient who may get infected due to getting in
contact with the healthcare professional which can lead to create high impact on the better and
effective response that may influence to create high risk of infection within people (Bail, 2021).
There are some of the medical procedure which can lead to create high risk of getting
healthcare associated infection. There are some of the medical procedure which may influence
injury treatment, surgery which can lead to high risk of getting infection. These are some of the
negative health impact on the large population (Palmore and Henderson 2021).
There are also large number of cases which are about the healthcare associated infection that
occur in the healthcare premises and may lead to create high impact on the patient health. There
is also high impact of healthcare associated infection which raises the cost of healthcare to
patient and lead to enhance the financial burden on them. There are also many cases in which
patient may get affected by the healthcare associated infection where people may need to get stay
in the hospital premises to get healthcare treatment for improvement in the health
(Teerawattanapong, 2018). In this, there is need to ensure about taking care of the infection that
may help in getting better support to provide better and effective healthcare service to the patient
for their improved health. Due to getting infection there is need to get to the hospital service
which may lead to create high impact on the service which are associated with creating increase
the overall cost for getting better and effective healthcare services (Ivanova and Mindlina,
2019).
There is various reason which can lead to create the risk of increase the risk of healthcare
associated infection which may include different healthcare services or medical procedure in
which there is need for the exposure of body that are highly sensitive to the infection. These may
lead to create change in healthcare services. There are many patients tin the healthcare premises
who are highly effective and may spread infection intentionally or unintentionally. In this, due to
placing different patient within single ward lead to create high risk of spreading of healthcare
associated infection which is not possible to control in fully (Liu, 2020).
There is different reason in which there are many patients that can lead to create high impact
on better and effective response toward dealing with better and effective response towards care
and effective response that may help in reducing the healthcare associated infection within the
patient. There are some of the medical procedure which can lead to create enhancement in the
susceptibility to infection. There are many of patient who may get infected due to getting in
contact with the healthcare professional which can lead to create high impact on the better and
effective response that may influence to create high risk of infection within people (Bail, 2021).
There are some of the medical procedure which can lead to create high risk of getting
healthcare associated infection. There are some of the medical procedure which may influence
injury treatment, surgery which can lead to high risk of getting infection. These are some of the
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reason which can lead to cr4eate high risk in getting he4talhcare associated infection within the
healthcare premises. In this, there is need to take care of the sanitisation which can allow to take
control over the spread of healthcare associated infection that can lead to high consequences on
the patient health and lead to create high negative impact to the large population (Nemchenko
and et. al., 2020). This can also lead to create high negative impact that are associated to taking
care of better and effective response which are associated with influence healthcare professional
to reduce the risk of infection within the healthcare premises (Chen, 2019). There is also need to
take control over the healthcare professional like nursing staff who should use the sanitation of
their hand and should maintain the hygiene in the health. there is also need to take control about
the healthcare professional who should use their personal protective equipment that can allow
nursing staff to avoid the risk of getting infected and maintain their health and their body which
can help to avoid the risk of spread of infection within other patient (Choi, 2018).
There is need to maintain the proper hygiene which are effective and may help healthcare
professional towards changing in the effective care and may lead to create high change in the
better and effective response which are associated with taking care of patient and allow
healthcare professional to get supported in reducing the spread of healthcare associated infection.
Through making the proper hygiene in the hospital can allow to provide better help in reducing
the spread of infection which are effective and may lead to create high impact on the reducing
the risk of infection within the patient. This can allow to reduce the risk of spread of infection in
the patient and other healthcare professional and within the healthcare premises (Pedati and et.
al., 2018).
There is need to use some strategy and measures which can be effective and may help in
reducing the risk of spread of infection within patient and other healthcare professional. In this,
there is need to use the hand hygiene, maintaining safe, clean and hygienic hospital environment,
public health surveillance, antibiotic stewardship, following patient safety guidelines.
Here, hand hygiene can play an important role in getting better and effective response which
are associated with taking care of patient health (Nelson and et. al.,2021). There is also need to
get ensure about use of proper hygiene to the healthcare professional specially nurses who are
having the responsibility to take care of all patient through getting close to them and getting
contact with them. Through taking care of hand hygiene nurse can reduce the risk of getting
healthcare premises. In this, there is need to take care of the sanitisation which can allow to take
control over the spread of healthcare associated infection that can lead to high consequences on
the patient health and lead to create high negative impact to the large population (Nemchenko
and et. al., 2020). This can also lead to create high negative impact that are associated to taking
care of better and effective response which are associated with influence healthcare professional
to reduce the risk of infection within the healthcare premises (Chen, 2019). There is also need to
take control over the healthcare professional like nursing staff who should use the sanitation of
their hand and should maintain the hygiene in the health. there is also need to take control about
the healthcare professional who should use their personal protective equipment that can allow
nursing staff to avoid the risk of getting infected and maintain their health and their body which
can help to avoid the risk of spread of infection within other patient (Choi, 2018).
There is need to maintain the proper hygiene which are effective and may help healthcare
professional towards changing in the effective care and may lead to create high change in the
better and effective response which are associated with taking care of patient and allow
healthcare professional to get supported in reducing the spread of healthcare associated infection.
Through making the proper hygiene in the hospital can allow to provide better help in reducing
the spread of infection which are effective and may lead to create high impact on the reducing
the risk of infection within the patient. This can allow to reduce the risk of spread of infection in
the patient and other healthcare professional and within the healthcare premises (Pedati and et.
al., 2018).
There is need to use some strategy and measures which can be effective and may help in
reducing the risk of spread of infection within patient and other healthcare professional. In this,
there is need to use the hand hygiene, maintaining safe, clean and hygienic hospital environment,
public health surveillance, antibiotic stewardship, following patient safety guidelines.
Here, hand hygiene can play an important role in getting better and effective response which
are associated with taking care of patient health (Nelson and et. al.,2021). There is also need to
get ensure about use of proper hygiene to the healthcare professional specially nurses who are
having the responsibility to take care of all patient through getting close to them and getting
contact with them. Through taking care of hand hygiene nurse can reduce the risk of getting

infection which causes due to getting in direct contact with patient which can be a main cause of
getting healthcare associate infection.
There is need to manage and analyse such type of cases in which there is need to get ensure
through making record about such type of infection. This information while collected through
collecting information form the response team or from the administration. After collecting the
information, it should be evaluated that are associated with taking care of those and should be
controlled through getting response from getting better and effective response for the reducing
the risk of healthcare associated infection (Hei, 2018).
CONCLUSION
From the above discussion, it can be concluded that healthcare associated infection are
highly effective and may lead to create risk of disability and may create different health related
problem. There are also many impact of the healthcare associated infection that lead to create
high negative impact on patient health. There is also increased cost of patient healthcare services.
There is also need to take care of patient health which may lead to create high negative impact on
patient health which leads to increase the stay in hospital, increase healthcare cost burden and
many more.
getting healthcare associate infection.
There is need to manage and analyse such type of cases in which there is need to get ensure
through making record about such type of infection. This information while collected through
collecting information form the response team or from the administration. After collecting the
information, it should be evaluated that are associated with taking care of those and should be
controlled through getting response from getting better and effective response for the reducing
the risk of healthcare associated infection (Hei, 2018).
CONCLUSION
From the above discussion, it can be concluded that healthcare associated infection are
highly effective and may lead to create risk of disability and may create different health related
problem. There are also many impact of the healthcare associated infection that lead to create
high negative impact on patient health. There is also increased cost of patient healthcare services.
There is also need to take care of patient health which may lead to create high negative impact on
patient health which leads to increase the stay in hospital, increase healthcare cost burden and
many more.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Abulhasan, Y. B., Rachel, S. P., Châtillon-Angle, M. O., Alabdulraheem, N., Schiller, I.,
Dendukuri, N., ... and Frenette, C. 2018. Healthcare-associated infections in the
neurological intensive care unit: results of a 6-year surveillance study at a major tertiary
care center. American journal of infection control, 46(6), 656-662.
Aydın, M., Ergönül, Ö., Azap, A., Bilgin, H., Aydın, G., Çavuş, S. A., ... and Akalın, H. 2018.
Rapid emergence of colistin resistance and its impact on fatality among healthcare-
associated infections. Journal of Hospital Infection, 98(3), 260-263.
Bail, K., Willis, E., Henderson, J., Blackman, I., Verrall, C., and Roderick, A. 2021. Missed
infection control care and healthcare associated infections: A qualitative
study. Collegian, 28(4), 393-399.
Chen, Y. Y., Chen, I. H., Chen, C. S., and Sun, S. M. 2019. Incidence and mortality of
healthcare-associated infections in hospitalized patients with moderate to severe
burns. Journal of Critical Care, 54, 185-190.
Choi, Y. H. 2018. Prospective nationwide healthcare-associated infection surveillance system in
South Korea. Journal of the Korean Medical Association, 61(1), 21-25.
Gray, J., Winzor, G., Mahdia, N., Oppenheim, B., and Johnston, A. 2019. Preventing healthcare-
associated infection by sharing research, evidence and best practice. Journal of Hospital
Infection, 101(2), 117-119.
Hei, H., Bezpalko, O., Smathers, S. A., Coffin, S. E., and Sammons, J. S. 2018. Development of
a novel prevention bundle for pediatric healthcare-associated viral infections. Infection
Control & Hospital Epidemiology, 39(9), 1086-1092.
Ivanova, M. V., and Mindlina, A. Y. 2019. Epidemiological features of healthcare associated
infection of newborns in the Russian Federation during 2007–2017. Journal
Infectology, 11(3), 90-101.
Liu, X., Cui, D., Li, H., Wang, Q., Mao, Z., Fang, L., ... and Sun, J. 2020. Direct medical burden
of antimicrobial-resistant healthcare-associated infections: empirical evidence from
China. Journal of Hospital Infection, 105(2), 295-305.
MENG, X. J., and WU, A. H. 2019. How to deal with severe challenge of healthcare-associated
infection due to multidrug-resistant organisms. Chinese Journal of Infection Control,
185-192.
Nelson, R. E., Lautenbach, E., Chang, N., Jones, M., Willson, T., David, M., ... and Stevens, V.
W. 2021. Attributable cost of healthcare-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus
aureus infection in a long-term care center. Clinical Infectious
Diseases, 72(Supplement_1), S27-S33.
Nemchenko, U. M., Kungurtseva, E. A., Grigorova, E. V., Belkova, N. L., Markova, Y. A.,
Noskova, O. A., ... and Savilov, E. D. 2020. Simulation of bacterial biofilms and
estimation of the sensitivity of healthcare-associated infection pathogens to bactericide
Sekusept active. Klinicheskaia Laboratornaia Diagnostika, 65(10), 652-658.
Palmore, T. N., and Henderson, D. K. 2020. Healthcare-associated infections during the
coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Infection Control & Hospital
Epidemiology, 42(11), 1372-1373.
Books and Journals
Abulhasan, Y. B., Rachel, S. P., Châtillon-Angle, M. O., Alabdulraheem, N., Schiller, I.,
Dendukuri, N., ... and Frenette, C. 2018. Healthcare-associated infections in the
neurological intensive care unit: results of a 6-year surveillance study at a major tertiary
care center. American journal of infection control, 46(6), 656-662.
Aydın, M., Ergönül, Ö., Azap, A., Bilgin, H., Aydın, G., Çavuş, S. A., ... and Akalın, H. 2018.
Rapid emergence of colistin resistance and its impact on fatality among healthcare-
associated infections. Journal of Hospital Infection, 98(3), 260-263.
Bail, K., Willis, E., Henderson, J., Blackman, I., Verrall, C., and Roderick, A. 2021. Missed
infection control care and healthcare associated infections: A qualitative
study. Collegian, 28(4), 393-399.
Chen, Y. Y., Chen, I. H., Chen, C. S., and Sun, S. M. 2019. Incidence and mortality of
healthcare-associated infections in hospitalized patients with moderate to severe
burns. Journal of Critical Care, 54, 185-190.
Choi, Y. H. 2018. Prospective nationwide healthcare-associated infection surveillance system in
South Korea. Journal of the Korean Medical Association, 61(1), 21-25.
Gray, J., Winzor, G., Mahdia, N., Oppenheim, B., and Johnston, A. 2019. Preventing healthcare-
associated infection by sharing research, evidence and best practice. Journal of Hospital
Infection, 101(2), 117-119.
Hei, H., Bezpalko, O., Smathers, S. A., Coffin, S. E., and Sammons, J. S. 2018. Development of
a novel prevention bundle for pediatric healthcare-associated viral infections. Infection
Control & Hospital Epidemiology, 39(9), 1086-1092.
Ivanova, M. V., and Mindlina, A. Y. 2019. Epidemiological features of healthcare associated
infection of newborns in the Russian Federation during 2007–2017. Journal
Infectology, 11(3), 90-101.
Liu, X., Cui, D., Li, H., Wang, Q., Mao, Z., Fang, L., ... and Sun, J. 2020. Direct medical burden
of antimicrobial-resistant healthcare-associated infections: empirical evidence from
China. Journal of Hospital Infection, 105(2), 295-305.
MENG, X. J., and WU, A. H. 2019. How to deal with severe challenge of healthcare-associated
infection due to multidrug-resistant organisms. Chinese Journal of Infection Control,
185-192.
Nelson, R. E., Lautenbach, E., Chang, N., Jones, M., Willson, T., David, M., ... and Stevens, V.
W. 2021. Attributable cost of healthcare-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus
aureus infection in a long-term care center. Clinical Infectious
Diseases, 72(Supplement_1), S27-S33.
Nemchenko, U. M., Kungurtseva, E. A., Grigorova, E. V., Belkova, N. L., Markova, Y. A.,
Noskova, O. A., ... and Savilov, E. D. 2020. Simulation of bacterial biofilms and
estimation of the sensitivity of healthcare-associated infection pathogens to bactericide
Sekusept active. Klinicheskaia Laboratornaia Diagnostika, 65(10), 652-658.
Palmore, T. N., and Henderson, D. K. 2020. Healthcare-associated infections during the
coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Infection Control & Hospital
Epidemiology, 42(11), 1372-1373.
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Pedati, C., Sullivan, M., Drake, M., Leisy, M., Safranek, T., and Tierney, M. 2018, November.
2140. Healthcare-Associated Infection Outbreak Investigation of an Elevation of
Surgical Site Infections at a Critical Access Hospital. In Open Forum Infectious
Diseases (Vol. 5, No. Suppl 1, p. S630). Oxford University Press.
Sopena-Sutil, R., Medina-Polo, J., Justo-Quintas, J., Gil-Moradillo, J., Garcia-Gonzalez, L.,
Benitez-Sala, R., ... and Tejido-Sanchez, A. 2018. Healthcare-associated infections after
lower urinary tract endoscopic surgery: analysis of risk factors, associated
microorganisms and patterns of antibiotic resistance. Urologia Internationalis, 100(4),
440-444.
Teerawattanapong, N., Panich, P., Kulpokin, D., Ranong, S. N., Kongpakwattana, K.,
Saksinanon, A., ... and Chaiyakunapruk, N. 2018. A systematic review of the burden of
multidrug-resistant healthcare-associated infections among intensive care unit patients
in Southeast Asia: the rise of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. infection
control & hospital epidemiology, 39(5), 525-533.
Yao, J., Chen, X. J., and Xing, H. 2018. Management of whole process of healthcare-associated
infection based on new media. Chinese Journal of Infection Control, 989-992.
2140. Healthcare-Associated Infection Outbreak Investigation of an Elevation of
Surgical Site Infections at a Critical Access Hospital. In Open Forum Infectious
Diseases (Vol. 5, No. Suppl 1, p. S630). Oxford University Press.
Sopena-Sutil, R., Medina-Polo, J., Justo-Quintas, J., Gil-Moradillo, J., Garcia-Gonzalez, L.,
Benitez-Sala, R., ... and Tejido-Sanchez, A. 2018. Healthcare-associated infections after
lower urinary tract endoscopic surgery: analysis of risk factors, associated
microorganisms and patterns of antibiotic resistance. Urologia Internationalis, 100(4),
440-444.
Teerawattanapong, N., Panich, P., Kulpokin, D., Ranong, S. N., Kongpakwattana, K.,
Saksinanon, A., ... and Chaiyakunapruk, N. 2018. A systematic review of the burden of
multidrug-resistant healthcare-associated infections among intensive care unit patients
in Southeast Asia: the rise of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. infection
control & hospital epidemiology, 39(5), 525-533.
Yao, J., Chen, X. J., and Xing, H. 2018. Management of whole process of healthcare-associated
infection based on new media. Chinese Journal of Infection Control, 989-992.
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